scholarly journals Comparison of Aspiration Catheters with Modified Standard Catheters for Treatment of Large Pulmonary Embolism Using an In-vitro Patho-Physiological Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Schubert ◽  
Masashi Tamura ◽  
Sophie Bezela ◽  
Alexander Weyers ◽  
Daniel Kütting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Residual Thrombus ◽  
The Right

Abstract Purpose The presented in-vitro study provides a comparison of various catheters for mechanical treatment of large-burden pulmonary embolism (PE) under standardized conditions, using a new test rig. Dedicated aspiration catheters (JETi®, Penumbra Indigo®, Aspirex®) were compared with standard catheters (Pigtail, Multi-Purpose, Balloon Catheter) applied for embolus fragmentation. Materials and Methods Emboli prepared from porcine blood were washed into the test rig which consists of anatomical models of the pulmonary artery (PA) and of the right heart in combination with a pulsatile drive system. For all catheters, the duration of the recanalization procedure and the weight percentage (wt%) of the remaining, removed and washed-down clot fractions were evaluated. For aspiration catheters, the aspirated volume was measured. Results All catheters achieved full or partial recanalization. The aspiration catheters showed a significantly (p < 0.05) lower procedure time (3:15 min ± 4:26 min) than the standard fragmentation catheters (7:19 min ± 4:40 min). The amount of thrombus removed by aspiration was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that by fragmentation, averaging 86.1 wt% ± 15.6 wt% and 31.7 wt% ± 3.8 wt%, respectively. Nonetheless, most of the residue was fragmented into pieces of ≥ 1 mm and washed down. Only in 2 of 36 tests, a residual thrombus of 11.9 wt% ± 5.1 wt% remained in the central PA. Conclusion Comparison under standardized in-vitro patho-physiological conditions showed that embolus fragmentation with standard catheters is clearly inferior to aspiration with dedicated catheters in the treatment of large-burden PE, but can still achieve considerable success. Level of Evidence No level of evidence, experimental study.

scholarly journals P1591Assessment of flow disturbances in the right ventricle: an in vitro study using a novel heart model

EP Europace ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. iii339-iii339
Author(s):  
U. Gulan ◽  
AM. Saguner ◽  
D. Akdis ◽  
C. Brunckhorst ◽  
M. Holzner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Heart Model ◽  
Flow Disturbances ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals P2834An in vitro study on the influence of increased heart rate on the right ventricular kinetic energy and shear stresses

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
U Gulan ◽  
A M Saguner ◽  
D Akdis ◽  
A Denegri ◽  
M X Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
The Right

Abnormal Action Potential Responses to Halothane in Heart Muscle Isolated from Malignant Hyperthermia-susceptible Pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-953. ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Roewer ◽  
Clemens Greim ◽  
Eckhart Rumberger ◽  
Jochen Schulte am Esch
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Cardiac Dysrhythmias ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptible ◽  
The Right

Background During human and porcine malignant hyperthermia (MH), cardiac dysrhythmias and altered myocardial function can be observed. It is unknown whether a primary abnormality in cardiac muscle contributes to the cardiac symptoms during MH. An abnormal response to halothane has recently been demonstrated in action potentials (APs) from MH-susceptible (MHS) human skeletal muscles. We investigated the electrophysiologic properties in trabeculae isolated from the right ventricles of normal (MHN) and MHS pigs. Methods The experiments were performed on electrically stimulated (1 Hz) trabeculae isolated from the right ventricles of MHS and MHN pigs. Resting membrane potentials, APs, and tension were measured with and without the presence of 1% halothane. In addition, the halothane-equilibrated muscles were exposed to caffeine in increasing doses (1, 2, and 4 mM). Results In the absence of halothane, resting potential and AP characteristics in MHS and MHN muscles did not differ significantly. Halothane did not alter resting potentials but produced different alterations in the APs in MHS and MHN muscles, whereas the decrease in twitch tension was identical. In contrast to reductions in the AP amplitude and duration in MHN muscle, halothane produced an enlargement of the APs in MHS muscle. The addition of caffeine caused nearly identical prolongations of AP duration in MHS and MHN muscles. Conclusions This in vitro study demonstrates that halothane produces abnormal alterations in the dynamic electric properties of the ventricular excitable membrane from MHS pigs. These results suggest a latent defect in the myocardium of MHS pigs that becomes apparent in the presence of MH-triggering agents.

scholarly journals Friction Forces during Sliding of Various Brackets for Malaligned Teeth: An In Vitro Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Crincoli ◽  
Letizia Perillo ◽  
Maria Beatrice Di Bisceglie ◽  
Antonio Balsamo ◽  
Vitaliano Serpico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Force ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Orthodontic Wire ◽  
Conventional Brackets ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Sliding Mechanics

Aims. To measure the friction force generated during sliding mechanics with conventional, self-ligating (Damon 3 mx, Smart Clip, and Time 3) and low-friction (Synergy) brackets using different archwire diameters and ligating systems in the presence of apical and buccal malalignments of the canine.Methods. An experimental setup reproducing the right buccal segment of the maxillary arch was designed to measure the friction force generated at the bracket/wire and wire/ligature interfaces of different brackets. A complete factorial plan was drawn up and a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to investigate whether the following factors affect the values of friction force: (i) degree of malalignment, (ii) diameter of the orthodontic wire, and (iii) bracket/ligature combination. Tukey post hoc test was also conducted to evaluate any statistically significant differences between the bracket/ligature combinations analyzed.Results. ANOVA showed that all the above factors affect the friction force values. The friction force released during sliding mechanics with conventional brackets is about 5-6times higher than that released with the other investigated brackets. A quasilinear increase of the frictional forces was observed for increasing amounts of apical and buccal malalignments.Conclusion. The Synergy bracket with silicone ligature placed around the inner tie-wings appears to yield the best performance.

scholarly journals Utilization Of Nano Ethanolic Extract Combination Chamber Bitter (Phyllanthus Niruri L.) And Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) As A Natural Immunomodulator In Nanoherbal Development, In Silico And In Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Kadek Hendra Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Phagocytosis Activity

The Filantin compounds in chamber bitter (<em>Phyllanthus niruri</em> L.) and lectin in garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.) was proven as immunomudulatory agents through interaction with <em>Toll-Like Reseptors</em> (TLR) which have role in innate immune responds. Immunomodulators drug available on the market still have many shortcomings such as the low potential. Drug developing by nanotechnology is the right solution to increase the potential of the drug by increasing the absorption and minimize the dose. This research aimed to know the interaction of filantin and lectin with TLR2-TLR1 receptors through <em>molecular docking</em> and produce the nanoemulsion combination of chamber bitter and garlic ethanolic extracts that have phagocytosis activity. <em>In silico </em>assay through <em>molecular docking</em> showed that filantin has affinity for binding to TLR2-TLR1, docking score of lectin (-33,5389) was lower than the filantin (-31.5112). That means lectin has higher affinity for binding to TLR2-TLR1. Nanoemulsion was formulated by SNEDDS methods with composition of co-surfactant: surfactant: oil is 1: 5,25: 1. The nanoemulsion stable at 0,414% (w/v). <em>In vitro</em> assay of phagocytic index (5,03) and ratio (95%) showed that the formulation with nanoemulsion of the combination has higher phagocyte index and ratio than the formulation without nanoemulsion or even the positive controls.

In Vitro Study of Flow Regulation for Pulmonary Insufficiency Using Diode Valves

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany A. Camp ◽  
Stephanie Hequembourg ◽  
Richard S. Figliola ◽  
Tim McQuinn
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Pulmonary Regurgitation ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Pulmonary Insufficiency ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Mock Circulatory System ◽  
The Right

The operating pressures in the right heart are significantly lower than those of the left heart and with marked differences in the circulation impedances. The pulmonary circulation shows a tolerance for mild regurgitation and pressure gradient [1]. Pulmonary regurgitation fractions on the order of 20% and transvalvular pressure gradients of less than 25mm Hg are considered mild [4]. Given this tolerance, we examine the concept of using a motionless valve to regulate flow in the pulmonary position. In a previous study, the use of fluid diodes was shown to be a promising concept for use as a pulmonary valve [2]. In this study, we test two different diode designs. For each diode valve, flow performance was documented as a function of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and compliance. Tests were done using a pulmonary mock circulatory system [3] over the normal adult range of PVR and compliance settings.

scholarly journals An Engineered Gene Nanovehicle Developed for Smart Gene Therapy to Selectively Inhibit Smooth Muscle Cells: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Ling-Yi Cheng ◽  
Yu-Chi Wang ◽  
Ming-Hong Chen ◽  
Fu-I Tung ◽  
Kuan-Ming Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Stent Restenosis ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
In Stent Restenosis

In-stent restenosis is a serious concern for patients treated through the stenting procedure, although this can be solved using drug-eluting stents and/or drug-eluting balloon catheters. However, the chemical agents released from the drug-eluting layer for inhibiting smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration are inevitably associated with damage to vascular endothelial cell (ECs). The present in vitro study used a distinct strategy, in which a smart gene (phEGR1-PKCδ, an engineered plasmid consists of an SMC-specific promoter (human early growth response 1, hEGR1 promoter) ligated with a gene encoding apoptosis-inducing protein (protein kinase C-delta, PKCδ) was incorporated into a novel gene vehicle (Au cluster-incorporated polyethylenimine/carboxymethyl hexanoyl chitosan, PEI-Au/CHC) to form the PEI-Au/CHC/phEGR1-PKCδ complex, which was proposed for the selective inhibition of SMC proliferation. It was found that the cell viability of SMCs receiving the PEI-Au/CHC/phEGR1-PKCδ complex under simulated inflammation conditions was significantly lower than that of the ECs receiving the same treatment. In addition, the PEI-Au/CHC/phEGR1-PKCδ complex did not demonstrate an inhibitory effect on EC proliferation and migration under simulated inflammation conditions. Finally, the PEI-Au/CHC/phEGR1-PKCδ complexes coated onto a balloon catheter used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) could be transferred to both the ECs and the SMC layer of Sprague Dawley (SD) rat aortas ex vivo. These preliminary in vitro results suggest that the newly developed approach proposed in the present study might be a potential treatment for reducing the incidence rate of in-stent restenosis and late thrombosis in the future.

scholarly journals Making the right choice: Optimizing rt-PA and eptifibatide lysis, an in vitro study

2010 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. e305-e311 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Shaw ◽  
Jason M. Meunier ◽  
Christopher J. Lindsell ◽  
Arthur M. Pancioli ◽  
Christy K. Holland
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
The Right

Deformations During and Post Stenting of a Diseased Coronary Artery Phantom: An In Vitro Study

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Finn ◽  
Tim McGloughlin ◽  
Patrick Delassus ◽  
Liam Morris
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Coronary Stenting ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stent Restenosis ◽  
Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Right

World-wide, deaths from cardiovascular diseases exceed those caused by cancer, infectious disease and trauma [1]. Coronary stenting is an established treatment for patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. Although stents reduce restenosis rates in carefully selected lesions, in-stent restenosis remains a recognized clinical problem. Restenosis, defined as “the arterial healing response after injury during transluminal coronary revascularisation” [2], has been the principal drawback of coronary stenting since its conception nearly 30 years ago [3]. While there have been many studies on the short and long term effects of coronary artery stenting, less is known of the injury caused by the balloon and stent during the stenting process. The objective of this study is to fabricate compliant and morphologically realistic models of the right coronary artery (RCA) for preclinical bench-top testing of intraluminal stents, in diseased cases.

Use of contrast in ultrasound

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Jansson ◽  
Anders Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Rapid Injection ◽  
Doppler Signals ◽  
The World ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

In 1968, Drs Pravin M. Shah and Raymond Gramiak at the University of Rochester, New York, were conducting a study with the ultimate goal to investigate whether heart stroke volume could be estimated from the extent and duration of cusp separation of the aortic valve, as measured with M-mode ultrasound. Simultaneously, as the reference, they also measured cardiac output with the indicator dilution technique. Here, a bolus of a dye (indocyanine green) is injected and blood is sampled downstream to determine the rate at which the indicator has been transported from the injection site. In Dr Shah’s own account of the experiments, he explains that the routine at his university then was to place a catheter in the left atrium with the trans-septal technique, i.e. inserting the catheter in a vein and penetrating into the left atrium via the right atrium. During the injections of the dye, somewhat to their surprise, they observed a striking echo enhancement across the aorta. The enhancement also appeared when saline and dextrose in water was flushed through the catheter. Dr Gramiak reminded himself of a comment from Dr Claude Joyner, that a temporary echo-enhancement could be observed during saline injections, and they speculated that miniature bubbles produced by gaseous cavitation upon rapid injection of the fluid gave rise to the enhancement, and raised the idea that this could be used as a contrast agent. An in vitro study by Frederick Kremkau provided strong evidence that gas bubbles were actually responsible for the echo enhancement. It is interesting to note how discoveries are made independently around the world, when the time is ripe. At the same time in Lund, Drs Inge Edler and Kjell Lindström performed studies to measure blood flow in the heart. At this point no ultrasound Doppler signals had been recorded from the inside of the heart, and they used a calf heart in an in vitro model to verify that signals could be obtained when water and blood was led through the model.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document