Strategies for the identification of virulence determinants in human pathogenic fungi

Biotrophic pathogens, such as the related maize pathogenic fungi Ustilago maydis and Sporisorium reilianum, establish an intimate relationship with their hosts by secreting protein effectors. Because secreted effectors interacting with plant proteins should rapidly evolve, we identified variable genomic regions by sequencing the genome of S. reilianum and comparing it with the U. maydis genome. We detected 43 regions of low sequence conservation in otherwise well-conserved syntenic genomes. These regions primarily encode secreted effectors and include previously identified virulence clusters. By deletion analysis in U. maydis, we demonstrate a role in virulence for four previously unknown diversity regions. This highlights the power of comparative genomics of closely related species for identification of virulence determinants.

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Enterococcal Virulence Determinants In Urinary Tract Infection Patients

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjmm.v6i1.19361 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 14-17

Author(s):

Jabin Akhter ◽

Shaheda Anwar ◽

Sharmeen Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Microtitre Plate ◽

Microbiological Method ◽

Enterococcal Infection ◽

Microtitre Plate Assay ◽

Positive Frequency

Urinary tract infection caused by Enterococci has become frequent occurrences in health care settings. Currently they emerged with increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics. Haemolysin, gelatinase and biofilm production are some markers that have been proposed as possible Enterococcal virulence factors. In view of the increasing importance of Enterococcal infection, the present study was designed to isolate and identify the Enterococci to the species level from urine of urinary tract infection patients and to investigate their possible virulence factors. Biofilm was detected on polystyrene microtitre plate to see the adherence of microorganism. Haemolysin production and gelatin hydrolysis detected by standard microbiological method. Fifty nine enterococcal isolates were speciated by conventional microbiological method and examined for their ability to form biofilm by microtitre plate assay. In this study, biofilm formations by Enterococci were found in 83.33% isolates from catheterized and 56.09% from non-catheterized patients. Aong them, E.faecalis & 50% E.faecium produced biofilm. About 43.63% E.faecalis & 10% E.faecium produced haemolysin and only one isolate were found to be gelatinase positive. Frequency of virulence factors (VFs) in combination was observed in this study. Two VFs (haemolysin and biofilm) were observed in 27.11% in combination and 3 VFs ( haemolysinm biofilm and gelatinase) were present in 1.69% isolates. These results suggest that although there may not be an absolute role for individual virulence determinants in infectivity, combinations of factors may play a role in allowing a biofilm infection to be more resistant to therapy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i1.19361 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(01): 14-17

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A general view on virulence determinants and infection strategies of Yersinia enterocolitica

Minerva Biotecnologica ◽

10.23736/s1120-4826.19.02582-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elif Bozcal

Keyword(s):

Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽

General View ◽

Virulence Determinants

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Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica ) leaves and seeds extract On the germination of six pathogenic fungi

Journal of Chemical Biological and Physical Sciences ◽

10.24214/jcbps.b.8.4.84056 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Pathogenic Fungi

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IDENTIFIKASI JENIS JAMUR PATOGEN UNTUK PENGENDALIAN RAYAP TANAH Coptotermes sp.

PERENNIAL ◽

10.24259/perennial.v6i1.195 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Astuti Arif ◽

. Syahidah ◽

Sitti Nuraeni

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Subterranean Termite ◽

The World ◽

Identification Of Fungi ◽

Screening And Identification ◽

Termite Attack ◽

Penicillium Brevicompactum ◽

Aspergillus Sp

Fungi have a great diversity and wide distribution at the world. It can be used as the alternative technology for controlling of subterranean termite attack, particularly genus Coptotermes knowned as the wooden destructive organism, by using entomophatogenic fungi. For the purpose of the study, several isolate sources were taken from some locations. The results show that eight numbers of pathogenic fungi was founded by screening and identification of fungi taken from 19 numbers of isolate sources. The pathogenic fungi were Beauveria sp., Penicillium brevicompactum, P. rubrum, Paecilomyces fulvus, Fusarium verticolloides, Pythium sp., and Aspergillus sp. Key words: Jamur entomopatogen, Coptotermes sp.

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SOYBEAN AND FLAX SELECTION METHODS

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/2/19-23 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

V. М. Lukomets ◽

S. V. Zelentsov

Keyword(s):

High Resistance ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Selection Process ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Physiological Basis ◽

Oil Crops ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Genetically Determined

To improve the effectiveness of the soybeans and oil flax breeding, research to improve existing and develop new breeding methods are conducting in all-Russia Research institute of Oil Crops (Krasnodar). One of the improved methods for the soybean breeding, based on the use of sources of complexes of compensatory genes, is the CCG technology, which allows to create varieties with an increased yield of a heterotic level transmitted along the progeny for the entire life cycle of the variety. For the purpose of non-transgenic production of new traits, a theory of polyploid recombination of the genome (TPR) was formulated, which models the mechanism of the natural formation of polymorphism in the centers of origin of cultivated plants. On the basis of this theory, a method of breeding (TPR-technology) has been developed, which makes it possible to obtain recombinant reploids of soybeans and oil flax with an extended spectrum of traits. Of these reploids, the soybean lines with increased sucking force of the roots, providing high drought resistance, were distinguished; cold-resistant soybean lines, which stand in the phase of shoots of freezing to minus 5 °С; lines of oil flax with complete resistance to flax sickness of soil and high resistance to Fusarium; winter-hardy flax lines that withstand winter frosts down to minus 20–23 °С and ripen one and a half months earlier than spring sowings. Another original developed method is the ODCS-technology for isolating and selecting soybean genotypes with high resistance to fungal pathogens. The physiological basis of ODCS-technology is the blocking of osmotic nutrition of pathogenic fungi due to genetically determined increased osmotic pressure in the tissues of host plants. The practical implementation of CCG-, TPR- and ODKS-technologies in the selection process, allowed to create a whole series of soybean and oil flax varieties with improved or new traits.

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First reported case of Weissella confusa abundance in the lung microbiota of a critically ill trauma patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome - caution warranted in the use of the Weissella genus as a probiotic

10.31219/osf.io/v5rha ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Starter Cultures ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Prosthetic Joint

Weissella strains are currently being used for biotechnological and probiotic purposes [1]. While, Weissella hellenica found in flounder intestine had probiotic effects [2], certain species from this genus are opportunistic pathogens in humans. Apart from being implicated in disease in farmed rainbow trout [3], Weissella has been found to cause the following disease in humans.1. endocarditis [4,5]2. bacteraemia [6]3. prosthetic joint infection [7]Whole genome sequences ‘find several virulence determinants such as collagen adhesins, aggregation sub- stances, mucus-binding proteins, and hemolysins in some species’, as well as antibiotic resistance-encoding genes [8]. Caution is warranted in selecting of Weissella strains as starter cultures or probiotics, if at all, since the other option, Lactobacillus, are rarely involved in human disease.Here, the analysis of the lung microbiota in critically ill trauma patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome [9] shows (Accid:ERR1992912) shows complete colonization of Weissella (Fig 1). While, the study mentions ‘significant enrichment of potential pathogens including Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Haemophilus and Treponema’, there is no reference to the Weissella genus. The percentages of Weissella strains are :confusa=81, soli=7 ,hellenica=5 ,diestrammenae=2. I believe this is the first reported case of Weissella causing ARDS in humans.

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