Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica ) leaves and seeds extract On the germination of six pathogenic fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi

scholarly journals Effects of botanicals against anthracnose and blight diseases of Houttuynia cordata Thunb

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Trisha Saha ◽  
Shamim Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata Thunb

Anthracnose and blight were recorded on Houttuynia cordata Thunb. during April 2013 to December 2013. The isolated fungi from the symptomatic plants were identified as Alterneria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and Colletotrichum gloeosporoides (Penz.) Sacc. Ethanol leaf extracts of five plants viz.,Azadirachta indica L., Citrus limon L., Datura metel L., Sennaalata L. and Tagetes erecta L.were evaluated against the pathogenic fungi A. alternata and C. gloeosporoides at 5%, 10% and 20% concentrations in vitro. A. indica recorded as good inhibitor against the test fungi followed by C. limon, S. alata, D. metel and T.erecta. In vivo treatment also showed that A.indica is the most effective in controlling diseases at 10% concentration. The plants treated with A. indica were fresh and healthy up to one month of observation.J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 42(1): 41-48, June 2016

scholarly journals Phytochemical Composition, Antimicrobial Effect of Azadirachta indica and Carica papaya Extracts on Fungi Isolated From Gmelina arborea Seedling

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umana E. Johnson ◽  
Patrick I. Akwaji ◽  
Udo S. Effiong ◽  
Markson Aniedi-Abasi ◽  
Orok E. Effiom
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Mucor Mucedo

Gmelina arborea Roxb has important economic value in Nigeria and worldwide. It has been used as timber, for pulp and paper, furniture, plywood and for particle board. Due to the menace caused by fungal diseases in nurseries and sites where the seedlings are raised and the observed disease severity at the Awi Gmelina Forestry Project Nursery in Cross River State, Nigeria. It became necessary to provide a viable environmentally friendly measure to curb the diseases, hence, a trial on the antifungal effects of leaf extracts of Carica papaya and Azadirachta indica in-vitro using different extract solvents on some pathogenic fungi isolated from Gmelina arborea seedlings. The isolated fungi were Trichoderma viride (from stem and leaf) and Mucor mucedo (stem and leaf). The solvents used were ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, acetone, chloroform and distilled water. Phytochemical screening of extracts of C. papaya from the different solvents showed that there was no tannin and hydroxymethyl anthraquinine. Flavonoids and polyphenols were in excess in acetone and methanol extracts respectively. For A. indica, polyphenols were only found in excess in ethanol and methanol extracts. Application of the extracts at different percentages of 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% showed that Carica papaya extracted with butanol was more potent on Trichoderma viride and Mucor mucedo at 60%, 70%, 80% and 100% while the growth of Trichoderma viride and Mucor mucedo was checked by butanol extracts of A. indica at 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%. Conclusively, butanol extracts of C. papaya and A. indica at higher concentrations is recommended for use as spray to control the diseases.

Anatomical Changes in the Stems of Azadirachta Indica (Meliaceae) Infected by Pathogenic Fungi

IAWA Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore S. Rajput ◽  
G.V. Sanghvi ◽  
R.D. Koyani ◽  
K.S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Xylem Parenchyma ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Vascular Occlusions

Development of gum ducts and chemical nature of occluding material was studied by histological and histochemical methods in the differentiating xylem of Azadirachta indica A.Juss. In response to injury and subsequent fungal infection the stem developed vascular occlusions and gum resin cavities. Fungal hyphae were observed in all the cell types of xylem including vessel elements and associated parenchyma cells. Chemical nature and forms of the occluding material in gum ducts/cavities differed from that of wound exudates. The occluding material was rich in proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, lignin and phenolics while the material exuded from wounds contained only lipids and proteins. The epithelial cells of the gum ducts showed intense staining for nucleic acids, proteins and insoluble polysaccharides as compared to the neighbouring cells. Some of the epithelial cells accumulated phenolics, which were later released into the duct lumen after dissolution of cell walls. Axial parenchyma cells near the cavities/ducts were free from starch while the vessels were plugged with gum-like material and tyloses. On the other hand, xylem parenchyma cells away from the infection site showed heavy accumulation of starch and negligible amounts of proteins and lipids. The boundary layer was characterised by the presence of few vessels and an abundance of axial and ray parenchyma with heavy accumulation of phenolics, particularly a catacholic type of tannin.

scholarly journals Antimycotic Activity of Important Medicinal Plants Against Wilt Pathogen of Pigeon Pea and Leaf Spot Pathogen of Tomato

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-341
Author(s):  
V. Jalander ◽  
M. Mamatha
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of six different medicinal plants such as Adhatoda vasica Nees, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don., Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf., Eucalyptus globules Labill. and Ocimum sanctum L., were tested for their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. udum Butler, a wilt pathogen of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] and Alternaria solani, a leaf spot pathogen of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The leaf extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) prepared from six different plant leaves at different level of concentrations i.e. 5,10, 15 & 20% were incorporated in glucose nitrate liquid medium. The results were indicated that the ethanolic leaf extracts found good inhibitory activity than aqueous leaf extracts against plant pathogenic fungi tested. The ethanolic leaf extract prepared from Azadirachta indica was showed better efficacy against wilt pathogenic fungus and extract from E. globules found good inhibitory activity against leaf spot pathogen of tomato.

Traditional, Pharmacological and Patenting Potential of Neem (Azadirachta indica): A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
Mohd Asif Khan ◽  
Shashi Bhooshan Tiwari ◽  
Himanshu Gupta ◽  
Huma Noor
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Neem Tree ◽  
Commercial Plant ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Prevention And Cure ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Since ancient time, herbal drugs were highly used in the prevention and cure of various human illnesses. In India, Azadirachta indica being commonly known as Neem or Margosa is one of the multi-functional trees; belonging to Meliaceae family. In 1992, the US National Academy of Sciences was published a report entitled ‘Neem- a tree for solving global problems’. It is still considered as ‘village dispensary’ throughout the India. There are two species of Azadirachta which have been investigated; Azadirachta indica that is found in the Indian subcontinent and Azadirachta excelsa Kack that is homegrown to Indonesia and Philippines. A large number of pharmacologically active substances have been identified and isolated from the different parts of neem including azadirachtin, meliacin, gedunin, salanin, nimbin, valassin and various other components which are derived from these main compounds. Many different studies have been evaluated and authenticated for its various traditional and pharmacological activities like itching, leprosy, wound healing, spermicidal, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antidiabetic and analgesic etc. In the beginning of 1979, patenting on neem was started by CSIR to separate the active compounds from neem oil. Its great implantation fights with soil erosion, global warming, deforestations and desertification world-wide. In 2002, World Neem Conference raised the neem tree as an industrial or commercial plant. This review is going to explore comprehensively; traditional, pharmacological potential along with patenting, environmental & industrial significant of various parts of neem tree with safety concerns.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND LARVICIDAL EFFECT EVALUATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (L) LEAF EXTRACT ON DERMESTES MACULATUS (DE GEER, 1774) INFESTATION OF SMOKED CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Sadam Sulaiman Indabo ◽  
Rufai Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Initial Source

Dermestes maculatus is a major pest of stored fish in Nigeria, fish is preserved with highly persistent synthetic chemicals. There have been an increasing effort at developing plant-based toxicants that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for phytochemical constituents. The efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant against D. maculatus was also evaluated. The leaves of A. indica were obtained, processed and taken to laboratory for methanolic extraction. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, triterpenes and carbohydrates using standard procedure.  Both clean and infested samples of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus were purchased from Sabon Gari Market, Zaria. The infested samples were used as initial source of D. maculatus larvae. Range finding test was carried out prior to the bioassay. During the bioassay, clean un-infested fish samples were weighed and introduced into kilner jars and respective dosages of 0.2g, 0.4g, 0.6g and 0.8g of extract were added. Another set of fish samples without the extract were maintained as control. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Fifteen larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into both treated and control containers and covered. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data obtained revealed an increase in mortality with increasing dose and time. Mortality ranged from 1.67 to 11.00. Therefore, leaf extract of A. indica should be incorporated in the development of larvicide against D. maculatus.   

Dairy Farmers Empowerment in Subak Anggabaya Penatih Timur Denpasar Bali Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20218-20223
Author(s):  
I Ketut Arnawa ◽  
I Wayan Runa ◽  
I Made Sukerta ◽  
Putu Sri Astuti ◽  
Dan Luh Kadek Budi Martini
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Training Activity ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
And Training ◽  
Spraying Method

The main purpose for the application of science and technology for livestock group of cow, is to form a group of skilled and professional livestock, as vaccinators, can take advantage of Azadirachta indica leaves a plant insecticide, apply a good cage sanitation, can produce organic fertilizer from feces of cow, can treat hay as feed to good nutritional value. The method used is education and training. Activity results obtained, that 10 percent of members of the group have managed to become vaccinators cadres, able to implement good sanitation stables, feces of cow (Stomoxys calsitrans) can process technology with EM4 into organic fertilizer and can process the rice straw with urea spraying method, to produce feed hay to the value of good nutrition for growing cattle.

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