Arabidopsis AtERF71/HRE2 functions as transcriptional activator via cis-acting GCC box or DRE/CRT element and is involved in root development through regulation of root cell expansion

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Young Lee ◽  
Eun Young Hwang ◽  
Hye-Yeon Seok ◽  
Vaishali N. Tarte ◽  
Mi Suk Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Transcriptional Activator ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Gcc Box

Root development in Arabidopsis: four mutants with dramatically altered root morphogenesis

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.N. Benfey ◽  
P.J. Linstead ◽  
K. Roberts ◽  
J.W. Schiefelbein ◽  
M.T. Hauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Cortex Cell ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Root Morphogenesis

A genetic analysis of root development in Arabidopsis thaliana has identified mutants that have abnormal morphogenesis. Four of these root morphogenesis mutants show dramatic alterations in post-embryonic root development. The short-root mutation results in a change from indeterminate to determinate root growth and the loss of internal root cell layers. The cobra and lion's tail mutations cause abnormal root cell expansion which is conditional upon the rate of root growth. Expansion is greatest in the epidermal cells in cobra and in the stele cells in lion's tail. The sabre mutation causes abnormal cell expansion that is greatest in the root cortex cell layer and is independent of the root growth rate. The tissue-specific effects of these mutations were characterized with monoclonal antibodies and a transgenic marker line. Genetic combinations of the four mutants have provided insight into the regulation of growth and cell shape during Arabidopsis root development.

scholarly journals Golgi-localized exo-β1,3-galactosidases involved in AGP modification and root cell expansion in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Nibbering ◽  
Bent L. Petersen ◽  
Mohammed Saddik Motawia ◽  
Bodil Jørgensen ◽  
Peter Ulvskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Galactosidase Activity ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Yariv Phenylglycoside

AbstractPlant arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are a diverse group of cell surface- and wall-associated glycoproteins. Functionally important AGP glycans are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus, but the relationships between their glycosylation, processing, and functionality are poorly understood. Here we report the identification and functional characterization of two Golgi-localized exo-β-1,3-galactosidases from the glycosyl hydrolase 43 (GH43) family in Arabidopsis thaliana. GH43 loss of function mutants exhibit root cell expansion defects in sugar-containing growth media. This root phenotype is associated with an increase in the extent of AGP cell wall association, as demonstrated by Yariv phenylglycoside dye quantification and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling of sequentially extracted cell walls. Recombinant GH43 characterization showed that the exo-β-1,3-galactosidase activity of GH43s is hindered by β-1,6 branches on β-1,3-galactans. In line with this steric hindrance, the recombinant GH43s did not release galactose from cell wall extracted glycoproteins or AGP rich gum arabic. These results show that Arabidopsis GH43s are involved in AGP glycan biosynthesis in the Golgi, and suggest their exo-β-1,3-galactosidase activity influences AGP and cell wall matrix interactions, thereby adjusting cell wall extensibility.

scholarly journals An AC-Rich Bean Element Serves as an Ethylene-Responsive Element in Arabidopsis

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Chunying Wang ◽  
Tingting Lin ◽  
Mengqi Wang ◽  
Xiaoting Qi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Gcc Box ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Transcription Factor 1

Ethylene-responsive elements (EREs), such as the GCC box, are critical for ethylene-regulated transcription in plants. Our previous work identified a 19-bp AC-rich element (ACE) in the promoter of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) metal response element-binding transcription factor 1 (PvMTF-1). Ethylene response factor 15 (PvERF15) directly binds ACE to enhance PvMTF-1 expression. As a novel ERF-binding element, ACE exhibits a significant difference from the GCC box. Here, we demonstrated that ACE serves as an ERE in Arabidopsis. It conferred the minimal promoter to respond to the ethylene stress and inhibition of ethylene. Moreover, the cis-acting element ACE could specifically bind the nuclear proteins in vitro. We further revealed that the first 9-bp sequence of ACE (ACEcore) is importantly required by the binding of nuclear proteins. In addition, PvERF15 and PvMTF-1 were strongly induced by ethylene in bean seedlings. Since PvERF15 activates PvMTF-1 via ACE, ACE is involved in ethylene-induced PvMTF-1 expression. Taken together, our findings provide genetic and biochemical evidence for a new ERE.

scholarly journals Two Alternative Splicing Variants of AtERF73/HRE1, HRE1α and HRE1β, Have Differential Transactivation Activities in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6984
Author(s):  
Hye-Yeon Seok ◽  
Jimin Ha ◽  
Sun-Young Lee ◽  
Hyoungjoon Bae ◽  
Yong-Hwan Moon
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Hypoxia Response ◽  
Transactivation Activity ◽  
Gcc Box ◽  
Splicing Variants ◽  
Erf Transcription Factor

AtERF73/HRE1 is an AP2/ERF transcription factor in Arabidopsis and has two distinct alternative splicing variants, HRE1α and HRE1β. In this study, we examined the differences between the molecular functions of HRE1α and HRE1β. We found that HRE1α and HRE1β are both involved in hypoxia response and root development and have transactivation activity. Two conserved motifs in the C-terminal region of HRE1α and HRE1β, EELL and LWSY-like, contributed to their transactivation activity, specifically the four E residues in the EELL motif and the MGLWS amino acid sequence at the end of the LWSY-like motif. The N-terminal region of HRE1β also showed transactivation activity, mediated by the VDDG motif, whereas that of HRE1α did not. The transactivation activity of HRE1β was stronger than that of HRE1α in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Both transcription factors transactivated downstream genes via the GCC box. RNA-sequencing analysis further supported that both HRE1α and HRE1β might regulate gene expression associated with the hypoxia stress response, although they may transactivate different subsets of genes in downstream pathways. Our results, together with previous studies, suggested that HRE1α and HRE1β differentially transactivate downstream genes in hypoxia response and root development in Arabidopsis.

Suppression of HGF receptor gene expression by oxidative stress is mediated through the interplay between Sp1 and Egr-1

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. F1216-F1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghong Zhang ◽  
Youhua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Activator ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Nucleotide Position ◽  
Renal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cis Acting

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, the product of the c-metprotooncogene, is transcriptionally regulated by a wide variety of cytokines as well as extracellular environmental cues. In this report, we demonstrate that c-met expression was significantly suppressed by oxidative stress. Treatment of mouse renal inner medullary collecting duct epithelial cells with 0.5 mM H2O2inhibited c-met mRNA and protein expression, which was concomitant with induction of Egr-1 transcription factor. Ectopic expression of Egr-1 in renal epithelial cells markedly inhibited endogenous c-met expression in a dose-dependent fashion, suggesting a causative effect of Egr-1 in mediating c-met suppression. The cis-acting element responsible for H2O2-induced c-met inhibition was localized at nucleotide position −223 to −68 of c-met promoter, in which reside an imperfect Egr-1 and three Sp1-binding sites. Egr-1 markedly suppressed c-met promoter activity but did not directly bind to its cis-acting element in the c-met gene. Induction of Egr-1 by oxidative stress attenuated the binding of Sp1 to its cognate sites, but it did not affect Sp1 abundance in renal epithelial cells. Immunoprecipitation uncovered that Egr-1 physically interacted with Sp1 by forming the Sp1/Egr-1 complex, which presumably resulted in a decreased availability of unbound Sp1 as a transcriptional activator for the c-met gene. Thus it appears that inhibition of c-met expression by oxidative stress is mediated by the interplay between Sp1 and Egr-1 transcription factors. Our findings reveal a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism by which Egr-1 sequesters Sp1 as a transcriptional activator of c-met via physical interaction.

scholarly journals BAK1 is involved in AtRALF1-induced inhibition of root cell expansion

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e1007053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keini Dressano ◽  
Paulo H. O. Ceciliato ◽  
Aparecida L. Silva ◽  
Juan Carlos Guerrero-Abad ◽  
Tábata Bergonci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Root Cell

scholarly journals Spatial differences in stoichiometry of EGR phosphatase and Microtubule-Associated Stress Protein 1 control root meristem activity during drought stress.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshisagba Longkumer ◽  
Chih-Yun Chen ◽  
Marco Biancucci ◽  
Bhaskara Govinal Badiger ◽  
Paul E. Verslues
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Meristem Cell ◽  
Meristem Size

During moderate severity drought and low water potential (Ψw) stress, poorly understood signaling mechanisms restrict both meristem cell division and subsequent cell expansion. We found that the Clade E Growth-Regulating 2 (EGR2) protein phosphatase and Microtubule Associated Stress Protein 1 (MASP1) differed in their stoichiometry of expression across the root meristem and had opposing effects on root meristem activity at low Ψw. Ectopic MASP1 or EGR expression increased or decreased, respectively, root meristem size and root elongation during low Ψw stress. This, along with the ability of phosphomimic MASP1 to overcome EGR suppression of root meristem size and observation that ectopic EGR expression had no effect on unstressed plants, indicated that during low Ψw EGR activation and attenuation of MASP1 phosphorylation in their overlapping zone of expression determines root meristem size and activity. Ectopic EGR expression also decreased root cell size at low Ψw. Conversely, both the egr1-1egr2-1 and egr1-1egr2-1masp1-1 mutants had similarly increased root cell size; but, only egr1-1egr2-1 had increased cell division. These observations demonstrated that EGRs affect meristem activity via MASP1 but affect cell expansion via other mechanisms. Interestingly, EGR2 was highly expressed in the root cortex, a cell type important for growth regulation and environmental response.

scholarly journals Ethylene directs auxin to control root cell expansion

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia C. Strader ◽  
Grace L. Chen ◽  
Bonnie Bartel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Control Root

scholarly journals Constitutive transcription of yeast ribosomal protein gene TCM1 is promoted by uncommon cis- and trans-acting elements.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4328-4341 ◽  
Author(s):  
K G Hamil ◽  
H G Nam ◽  
H M Fried
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Transcriptional Activator ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Gene ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Genes ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Transcriptional Activator Protein

The DNA sequence UAST (TCGTTTTGTACGTTTTTCA) was found to mediate transcription of yeast ribosomal protein gene TCM1. UAST was defined as a transcriptional activator on the basis of loss of transcription accompanying deletions of all or part of UAST, orientation-independent restoration of transcription promoted by a synthetic UAST oligomer inserted either into TCM1 or into the yeast CYC1 gene lacking its transcriptional activation region, and diminished transcription following nucleotide alterations in UAST. UAST bound in vitro to a protein denoted TAF (TCM1 activation factor); TAF was concluded to be a transcriptional activator protein because nucleotide alterations in UAST that diminished transcription in vivo also diminished TAF binding in vitro. The sequence of UAST bore no obvious resemblance to UASrpg, the principal cis-acting element common to most yeast ribosomal protein genes. Likewise, TAF was distinguished from the UASrpg-binding protein TUF, since (i) TAF and TUF were chromatographically separable, (ii) binding of either TAF or TUF to its corresponding UAS was unaffected by an excess of UASrpg or UAST DNA, respectively, and (iii) photochemical cross-linking experiments showed that TAF was a protein of 147 kilodaltons (kDa), while TUF was detected as an approximately 120-kDa polypeptide, consistent with its known size. Cross-linking experiments also revealed that both UAST and UASrpg bound a second heretofore unobserved 82-kDa protein; binding of this additional protein appeared to require binding of TAF or TUF. On the basis of the biochemical characterization of TAF and a lack of sequence similarity between UAST and UASrpg, we suggest that transcription of TCM1 is mediated by a cis-acting sequence and at least one trans-acting factor different from the elements which promote transcription of most other ribosomal protein genes. A second trans-acting factor may be shared by TCM1 and other ribosomal protein genes; this factor could mediate coordinate regulation of these genes.

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