scholarly journals Sub-Arctic alpine Vaccinium vitis-idaea exhibits resistance to strong variation in snowmelt timing and frost exposure, suggesting high resilience under climatic change

Polar Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1453-1467
Author(s):  
Friederike Gehrmann ◽  
Iida-Maria Lehtimäki ◽  
Heikki Hänninen ◽  
Timo Saarinen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Strong Variation ◽  
Small Spatial Scale ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Photochemical Yield ◽  
Tundra Ecosystems

Abstract In tundra ecosystems, snow cover protects plants from low temperatures in winter and buffers temperature fluctuations in spring. Climate change may lead to reduced snowfall and earlier snowmelt, potentially exposing plants to more frequent and more severe frosts in the future. Frost can cause cell damage and, in combination with high solar irradiance, reduce the photochemical yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII). Little is known about the natural variation in frost exposure within individual habitats of tundra plant populations and the populations’ resilience to this climatic variation. Here, we assessed how natural differences in snowmelt timing affect microclimatic variability of frost exposure in habitats of the evergreen Vaccinium vitis-idaea in sub-Arctic alpine Finland and whether this variability affects the extent of cell damage and reduction in ΦPSII. Plants in early melting plots were exposed to more frequent and more severe frost events, and exhibited a more pronounced decrease in ΦPSII, during winter and spring compared to plants in late-melting plots. Snowmelt timing did not have a clear effect on the degree of cell damage as assessed by relative electrolyte leakage. Our results show that sub-Arctic alpine V. vitis-idaea is currently exposed to strong climatic variation on a small spatial scale, similar to that projected to be caused by climate change, without significant resultant damage. We conclude that V. vitis-idaea is effective in mitigating the effects of large variations in frost exposure caused by differences in snowmelt timing. This suggests that V. vitis-idaea will be resilient to the ongoing climate change.

scholarly journals Forest fires and climate-induced tree range shifts in the western US

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avery P. Hill ◽  
Christopher B. Field
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Wildfire Occurrence ◽  
Western Us ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Climate Space

AbstractDue to climate change, plant populations experience environmental conditions to which they are not adapted. Our understanding of the next century’s vegetation geography depends on the distance, direction, and rate at which plant distributions shift in response to a changing climate. In this study we test the sensitivity of tree range shifts (measured as the difference between seedling and mature tree ranges in climate space) to wildfire occurrence, using 74,069 Forest Inventory Analysis plots across nine states in the western United States. Wildfire significantly increased the seedling-only range displacement for 2 of the 8 tree species in which seedling-only plots were displaced from tree-plus-seedling plots in the same direction with and without recent fire. The direction of climatic displacement was consistent with that expected for warmer and drier conditions. The greater seedling-only range displacement observed across burned plots suggests that fire can accelerate climate-related range shifts and that fire and fire management will play a role in the rate of vegetation redistribution in response to climate change.

Accounting for adaptation in assessing impact of climatic variations on crop yields: an empirical study of Arizona

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The goal of this paper is to analyze the impacts of climatic variation around current normals on crop yields and explore corresponding adaptation effects in Arizona, using a unique panel data. The empirical results suggest that both fertilizer use and irrigation are important adaptations to climate change in crop production. Fertilizer use has a positive impact on crop yields as expected. When accounting for irrigation and its interaction with temperature, a moderate temperature increase tends to be beneficial to both cotton and hay yields. The empirical model in this paper features with two methodological innovations, identifying the effects of temperature change conditional on adaptations and incorporating potential spatial spillover effects among input use.

scholarly journals Does climate change affect the chronobiological trends in the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kuźma ◽  
Anna Kurasz ◽  
Marta Niewinska ◽  
Małgorzata Zalewska-Adamiec ◽  
Hanna Bachórzewska-Gajewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Medical University

IntroductionAcute coronary syndromes (ACS) are the leading cause of death all over the world. In the last years, the chronobiology of their occurrence has been changing.Material and methodsMedical records of 10,529 patients hospitalized for ACS in the Medical University of Bialystok, in 2008–2017, were examined. Weather conditions data for Bialystok County were obtained from the Institute of Meteorology.Results: The highest seasonal mean for ACS was recorded in spring (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00–1.18, p = 0.049) and it was the season with the largest temperature changes from day to day (∆ temp. = 11.01). On the other hand, every 10ºC change in temperature was associated with increased admission due to ACS by 13% (RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.040–1.300, p = 0.008) and 12% in patients over 70 (RR = 1.118, 95% CI: 1.001–1.249, p = 0.048, lag 1). Analysis of weekly changes showed that the highest frequency of ACS occurred on Thursday (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05–1.28, p = 0.003), while in the STEMI subgroup it was Monday (n = 592, mean = 0.94, SD = 1.04, OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07–1.36, p = 0.003). Sunday was associated with decreased admissions due to all types of ACS (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.63–0.77, p < 0.001).ConclusionsWeather conditions have an impact on ACS frequency and the elderly are more susceptible. We observed a shift in the seasonal peak of ACS occurrence from winter to spring which may be related to temperature fluctuations associated with climate change in this season. The lowest frequency of ACS took place on weekends.

scholarly journals Classificação e Análises das Indicações de Mudanças Climáticas no Município de Sobral - Ceará (Classification and Analysis of Indications of Climate Change in the City of Sobral – Ceará)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1056
Author(s):  
Raimundo Mainar Medeiros ◽  
Paulo Roberto Megna Francisco ◽  
Alexandra Lima Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
The City

A partir das séries climatológicas normais de 1931-1960 e 1961-1990 dos elementos meteorológicos realizaram-se os cálculos do balanço hídrico climatológico, a classificação e as análises das indicações de mudanças climáticas no município de Sobral, estado do Ceará, utilizando O programa do BHnorm  elaborado em planilhas eletrônicas no pacote Excel por Sentelhas et al. (1999) e a metodologia de cálculo do Balanço Hídrico Climático de Thornthwaite & Mather (1955) e a classificação de Thornthwaite (1955), com o objetivo de contribuir para a sustentabilidade do homem no campo. Identificou-se que o clima da área de estudo classifica-se como Megatérmico semiárido e o tipo climático passou do tipo dw2w2d’ para dw2Dd’ com reduções da temperatura mínima e com oscilações de -0,1 a -0,8ºC e temperatura máxima com variações de -1,7 à 2,1ºC.  A umidade relativa do ar ocorreu flutuações positivas de 0,3 à 3,4%. A evapotranspiração potencial oscilou em -71,0 mm em relação aos períodos para o mês de outubro. Os índices de umidade; aridez e hídricos demonstraram valores de 28,6%, -23,9% e -47,5%, respectivamente. Observou-se que todas estas variabilidades ocorreram devido aos efeitos causados pelo homem na estrutura da cidade. Palavras-chave: Meteorologia. Balanço Hídrico Climático. Clima.  Classification and Analysis of Indications of Climate Change in the City of Sobral – Ceará  ABSTRACTFrom the series 1931-1960 climatological normal from 1961-1990 and meteorological elements were carried out calculations of the climatic water balance, classification and analysis of the indications of climate change in the city of Sobral, Ceará State, using the program BHnorm prepared in Excel spreadsheets in the package by Sentelhas et al. (1999) and the methodology of calculation of the Climatic Water Balance of Thornthwaite & Mather (1955) and the classification of Thornthwaite (1955), in order to contribute to the sustainability of the man in the field. It was found that the climate of the study area is classified as megathermal semiarid climate and the type has type dw2w2d 'to dw2Dd' with reductions in the minimum temperature fluctuations and from -0.1 to -0.8 º C and maximum temperature variations with 2.1 to -1.7 ° C. The relative humidity was positive fluctuations of 0.3 to 3.4%. The potential evapotranspiration fluctuated -71.0 mm for the periods for the month of October. The contents of moisture, drought and water showed values ​​of 28.6% -23.9% and -47.5%, respectively. It was observed that all these effects occurred due to variability caused by man in the structure of the city.  Keywords: Meteorology. Climatic Water Balance. Climate.

scholarly journals Bird populations most exposed to climate change are less responsive to climatic variation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam D. Bailey ◽  
Martijn van de Pol ◽  
Frank Adriaensen ◽  
Emilio Barba ◽  
Paul E. Bellamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Phenological Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe phenology of many species shows strong sensitivity to climate change; however, with few large scale intra-specific studies it is unclear how such sensitivity varies over a species’ range. We document large intra-specific variation in phenological sensitivity to temperature using laying date information from 67 populations of two European songbirds covering a large part of their breeding range. Populations inhabiting deciduous habitats showed stronger phenological sensitivity compared with those in evergreen and mixed habitats. Strikingly, however, the lowest sensitivity was seen in populations that had experienced the greatest change in climate. Therefore, we predict that the strongest phenological advancement will not occur in those populations with the highest sensitivity. Our results show that to effectively assess the impact of climate change on phenology across a species range it will be necessary to account for intra-specific variation in phenological sensitivity, climate change exposure, and the ecological characteristics of a population.

Century- to Millennial-Scale Climate Change and Ecosystem Response in Taylor Valley, Antarctica

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Fountain ◽  
W. Berry Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Taylor Valley ◽  
And Function

The view of climate change during the Pleistocene and the Holocene was very much different a mere decade ago. With the collection and detailed analyses of ice core records from both Greenland and Antarctica in the early and mid-1990s, respectively, the collective view of climate variability during this time period has changed dramatically. During the Pleistocene, at least as far back as 450,000 years b.p., abrupt and severe temperature fluctuations were a regular occurrence rather than the exception (Mayewski et al. 1996, 1998; Petit et al. 1999). During the Pleistocene, these rapid and large climatic fluctuations, initially identified in the ice core records, have been verified in both marine and lacustrine sediments as well (Bond et al. 1993; Grimm et al. 1993), suggesting large-scale (hemispheric to global) climate restructuring over very short periods of time (Mayewski et al. 1997). Similar types of climatic fluctuations, but with smaller amplitudes, have also occurred during the Holocene (O’Brien et al. 1995; Bond et al. 1997; Arz et al. 2001). What were the biological responses to these changes in temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric chemistry? We must answer this question if we are to understand the century- to millennial-scale influence of climate on the structure and function of ecosystems. Because the polar regions are thought to be amplifiers of global climate change, these regions are ideal for investigating the response of ecological systems to, what in temperate regions might be considered, small-scale climatic variation. Our knowledge of past climatic variations in Antarctica comes from different types of proxy records, including ice core, geologic, and marine (Lyons et al. 1997). It is clear, however, that coastal Antarctica may respond to oceanic, atmospheric, and ice sheet–based climatic “drivers,” and therefore ice-free regions, such as the Mc- Murdo Dry Valleys, may respond to climate change in a much more complex manner than previously thought (R. Poreda, unpubl. data 2001). Since the initiation of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long-Term Ecological Research program (MCM) in 1993, there has been a keen interest not only in the dynamics of the present day ecosystem, but also in the legacies produced via past climatic variation on the ecosystem. In this chapter we examine the current structure and function of the dry valleys ecosystem from the perspective of our work centered in Taylor Valley.

CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE TERRITORY OF RUSSIA IN THE LATE 20TH-EARLY 21ST CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
YU. P. PEREVEDENTSEV ◽  
◽  
A. A. VASIL’EV ◽  
B. G. SHERSTYUKOV ◽  
K. M. SHANTALINSKII ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
European Part ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Indices ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Circulation Indices

The spatiotemporal variability of surface air temperature and precipitation in Russia is considered using the data from 1251 stations for two periods: 1976-2019 and 2001-2019. Main attention is paid to the analysis of trends in the above characteristics, which made it possible to estimate the scale of climate warming in recent decades. The connection between the atmospheric circulation indices (NAO, AO, EAWR, SCAND) and temperature fluctuations in the European part of Russia is revealed.

Long-term observations at the Geodynamic Observatory Moxa: Can we identify evidence for climate change?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Schwarze ◽  
Thomas Jahr ◽  
Andreas Goepel ◽  
Valentin Kasburg ◽  
Nina Kukowski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Optical Fibre ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Subsurface Temperature ◽  
Loading Effect ◽  
Tidal Waves ◽  
The Earth

&lt;p&gt;Longterm geophysical recordings of natural Earth&amp;#8217;s parameters besides other signals also may contain past and ongoing temperature fluctuations, as they are occurring e.g. when groundwater moves or when climate changes. Similarly, repeated logs or continuous recordings reveal the amount of ongoing climate fluctuations. However, such thermal signals in the subsurface also may have other causes, e.g. groundwater motion or fluid infiltration after strong rainfall events. The Geodynamic Observatory Moxa of the Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Germany, is an ideal test site for long-term monitoring of the subsurface temperature distribution in boreholes using optical fibre temperature-sensing, as it is equipped with a variety of complementary sensors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A 100 m deep borehole on the ground of the Observatory, is equipped with an optical fibre and a water level gauge. Clearly shown in the records of the first five years of continuous recordings are seasonal temperature fluctuations. Seasonal fluctuations could be identified down to a depth of about 20 m and diurnal temperature signals down to 1.2 m. Precipitation events may influence subsurface temperature still in a depth as deep as 15 m. Besides these, temperature anomalies were detected at two depths, 20 m and 77 m below the surface. These anomalies most probably result from enhanced groundwater flow in aquifers. Recordings of deformation from laser strain meter systems installed in a gallery at Moxa, which are highly sensitive to pore pressure fluctuations, and measuring the physical properties during drilling the borehole, help to identify and quantify the causes of the observed&amp;#160; temperature fluctuations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more than 20 years variations of the Earth&amp;#8217;s gravity field have been observed at the Observatory Moxa employing the superconducting gravimeter CD-034. Besides the free oscillations of the Earth and hydrological effects, the tides of the solid Earth are the strongest signals found in the time series. Tidal analysis of the main constituents leads to obtaining the indirect effect for all tidal waves which is mainly controlled by the loading effect of the oceans. Satellite altimetry revealed a mean global sea level rise of about 3.3 mm/a which may be caused amongst others mainly by ice melting processes in the polar regions. However, more detailed analyses and resulting global maps show that the sea level rise is not uniformly distributed over all oceans. This means that actual and future tidal water mass movements could vary regionally and even locally.&amp;#160; As a consequence, the tidal parameter controlled by the ocean loading effect could change over long-term observation periods and it should possibly be detectable as a trend or temporal variation of the tidal gravity parameters locally. Actually, a long-term change of the tidal parameters is observed for the main tidal waves like K1 and O1 in the diurnal and for M2 and K2 in the semi-diurnal frequency band. However, it is not clear if these changes can be correlated with sea level changes as observed from satellite data. On the other hand, surface and subsurface temperature fluctuations directly reveal the size of the thermal signal inherent to climate change.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Climatic Variation at Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
K. V. S. Namboodiri ◽  
P. K. Dileep ◽  
Koshy Mammen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Coastal Station ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
Time Domains ◽  
First Time

Long-term (45 years) diversified surface meteorological records from Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), India, were collected and analysed to study the long-term changes in the overall climatology, climatology pertained to a particular observational time, mean daily climatology in temperature, inter-annual variability in temperature, interannual variability in surface pressure, and rainfall for the main Indian seasons—South West and North East monsoons and inter-annual mean monthly anomaly structure in temperature. Results on various analyses show strong and vivid features contributed by climate change for this South Peninsular Indian Arabian Sea Coastal Station, and this paper may be a first time venture which discusses climate change imparted perturbations in several meteorological parameters in different time domains, like a specific time, daily, monthly, and interannually over a station. Being a coastal rocket launching station, climatic change information is crucial for long-term planning of its facilities as well as for various rocket range operational demands.

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