Cortical morphology of chronic users of codeine-containing cough syrups: association with sulcal depth, gyrification, and cortical thickness

Perinatal stroke (PS) causes hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP) and lifelong disability. Compensatory changes in the nonlesioned hemisphere may mediate residual function and represent targets for neuromodulation. Region-based approaches may reveal relationships between cortical thickness of nonlesioned primary motor/sensory cortices and motor function. This study uses surface-based morphometry to explore cortical alterations in the nonlesioned hemisphere in children after perinatal stroke. Children aged 6-19 with MRI-confirmed unilateral perinatal stroke and CP underwent T1-weighted anatomical imaging. Participants were classified as arterial ischemic stroke (AIS; n=36), periventricular venous infarction (PVI; n=38), or typically developing controls (TDC; n=53). Group differences in cortical thickness (distance between grey/white matter boundary and pial surface), grey matter volume, gyrification and sulcal depth and relationships between these morphology metrics and validated measures of motor/executive function were explored. Group comparisons revealed less cortical thickness, greater gyrification, and greater surface area in the nonlesioned hemisphere in both AIS and PVI as compared to TDC. Greater volume and sulcal depth were observed in the nonlesioned hemisphere for AIS. The PVI group showed greater volume in the cingulate cortex and less volume in the precuneus relative to TDC. The AIS group showed more widespread differences than the PVI group in volume and other cortical surface parameters when compared with TDC. Only modest correlations were observed between morphometric changes and clinical function. We suggest that broad differences in structural developmental plasticity occur in the nonlesioned hemisphere after perinatal stroke, particularly the larger lesions seen with AIS, and may represent novel targets for therapeutic neuromodulation.

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Altered cortical morphology in major depression disorder patients with suicidality

Psychoradiology ◽

10.1093/psyrad/kkaa002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

Huiru Li ◽

Huawei Zhang ◽

Li Yin ◽

Feifei Zhang ◽

Ziqi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fractal Dimension ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Emotional Processing ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Cortical Morphology ◽

Surface Based Morphometry ◽

Sulcal Depth

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with high risk of suicide, but the biological underpinnings of suicidality in MDD patients are far from conclusive. Previous neuroimaging studies using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) demonstrated that depressed individuals with suicidal thoughts or behaviors exhibit specific cortical structure alterations. To complement VBM findings, surface-based morphometry (SBM) can provide more details into gray matter structure, including the cortical complexity, cortical thickness and sulcal depth for brain images. Objective This study aims to use SBM to investigate cortical morphology alterations to obtain evidence for neuroanatomical alterations in depressed patients with suicidality. Methods Here, 3D T1-weighted MR images of brain from 39 healthy controls, 40 depressed patients without suicidality (patient controls), and 39 with suicidality (suicidal groups) were analyzed based on SBM to estimate the fractal dimension, gyrification index, sulcal depth, and cortical thickness using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox. Correlation analyses were performed between clinical data and cortical surface measurements from patients. Results Surface-based morphometry showed decreased sulcal depth in the parietal, frontal, limbic, occipital and temporal regions and decreased fractal dimension in the frontal regions in depressed patients with suicidality compared to both healthy and patient controls. Additionally, in patients with depression, the sulcal depth of the left caudal anterior cingulate cortex was negatively correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores. Conclusions Depressed patients with suicidality had abnormal cortical morphology in some brain regions within the default mode network, frontolimbic circuitry and temporal regions. These structural deficits may be associated with the dysfunction of emotional processing and impulsivity control. This study provides insights into the underlying neurobiology of the suicidal brain.

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Variability of the paracingulate sulcus and morphometry of the medial frontal cortex: Associations with cortical thickness, surface area, volume, and sulcal depth

Human Brain Mapping ◽

10.1002/hbm.20381 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 222-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Alex Fornito ◽

Stephen J. Wood ◽

Sarah Whittle ◽

Jack Fuller ◽

Chris Adamson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frontal Cortex ◽

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Medial Frontal Cortex ◽

Sulcal Depth

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Structural neuroimaging signatures of anorexia nervosa features in a mixed sample enriched for disease vulnerability

10.1101/498097 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Amy E. Miles ◽

Allan S. Kaplan ◽

Yuliya S. Nikolova ◽

Aristotle N. Voineskos

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

White Matter ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Set Shifting ◽

Cortical Morphology ◽

Brain Behavior

ABSTRACTBrain-behavior relationships that could provide insight into risk-associated pathophysiology have not been thoroughly assessed in anorexia nervosa (AN). Therefore, we sought to identify grey and white matter signatures of AN symptoms and risk factors (trait anxiety, set-shifting impairment) in a sample enriched for AN vulnerability, including acute and remitted AN patients and their unaffected sisters (n = 72, aged 18 – 48 years). MRI/DTI data were acquired on a 3T scanner and processed with Freesurfer and FSL TBSS. Relationships between clinical variables of interest and regional subcortical volume, vertex-wise cortical surface architecture (thickness, surface area, local gyrification), and voxel-wise white matter microstructure (FA, MD) were tested with separate linear regressions, including age, BMI, lifetime AN diagnosis, and intracranial volume as covariates, where appropriate. Significance was determined using a Bonferroni-corrected threshold, p(t) ≤ 0.001. We detected distinct associations linking AN symptoms to lateral occipital cortical thickness and insular/cingulate gyrification and trait anxiety to lingual cortical thickness and superior parietal gyrification, and we detected overlapping associations linking AN symptoms and set-shifting impairment to frontoparietal gyrification. No other brain-behavior relationships emerged. Our findings suggest that variations in site-specific cortical morphology could give rise to core features of AN and shared temperamental and cognitive-behavioral risk factors for AN.

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The genetic architecture of human cortical folding

10.1101/2021.01.13.426555 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dennis van der Meer ◽

Tobias Kaufmann ◽

Alexey A. Shadrin ◽

Carolina Makowski ◽

Oleksandr Frei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Functional Organization ◽

Effective Sample Size ◽

Cortical Folding ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Genetic Overlap ◽

The Uk ◽

Cortical Morphology ◽

Sulcal Depth

ABSTRACTThe folding of the human cerebral cortex is a highly genetically regulated process that allows for a much larger surface area to fit into the cranial vault and optimizes functional organization. Sulcal depth is a robust, yet understudied measure of localized folding, previously associated with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we report the first genome-wide association study of sulcal depth. Through the Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test (MOSTest) applied to vertexwise measures from 33,748 participants of the UK Biobank (mean age 64.3 years, 52.0% female) we identified 856 genetic loci associated with sulcal depth at genome-wide significance (α=5×10-8). Comparison with two other measures of cortical morphology, cortical thickness and surface area, indicated that sulcal depth has higher yield in terms of loci discovered, higher heritability and higher effective sample size. There was a large amount of genetic overlap between the three traits, with gene-based analyses indicating strong associations with neurodevelopmental processes. Our findings demonstrate sulcal depth is a promising MRI phenotype that may enhance our understanding of human cortical morphology.

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Cortical thickness and sulcal depth: insights on development and psychopathology in paediatric epilepsy

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.001719 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 129-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Duygu Tosun ◽

Prabha Siddarth ◽

Jennifer Levitt ◽

Rochelle Caplan

Keyword(s):

Cortical Thickness ◽

Focal Epilepsy ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Related Information ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Tesla Scanner ◽

Sulcal Depth

BackgroundThe relationship between cortical thickness (CThick) and sulcal depth (SDepth) changes across brain regions during development. Epilepsy youth have CThick and SDepth abnormalities and prevalent psychiatric disorders.AimsThis study compared the CThick–SDepth relationship in children with focal epilepsy with typically developing children (TDC) and the role played by seizure and psychopathology variables.MethodA surface-based, computational high-resolution three-dimesional (3D) magnetic resonance image analytic technique compared regional CThick–SDepth relationships in 42 participants with focal epilepsy and 46 TDC (6–16 years) imaged in a 1.5 Tesla scanner. Psychiatric interviews administered to each participant yielded psychiatric diagnoses. Parents provided seizure-related information.ResultsThe TDC group alone demonstrated a significant negative medial fronto-orbital CThick–SDepth correlation. Focal epilepsy participants with but not without psychiatric diagnoses showed significant positive pre-central and post-central CThick–SDepth associations not found in TDC. Although the history of prolonged seizures was significantly associated with the postcentral CThick–SDepth correlation, it was unrelated to the presence/absence of psychiatric diagnoses.ConclusionsAbnormal CThick–SDepth pre-central and post-central associations might be a psychopathology biomarker in paediatric focal epilepsy.

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Cortical thickness, gyrification and sulcal depth in trigeminal neuralgia

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95811-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Meng Li ◽

Jianhao Yan ◽

Hua Wen ◽

Jinzhi Lin ◽

Lianbao Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽

Frontal Cortex ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

The Mean ◽

Sulcal Depth ◽

Superior Frontal Cortex

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have documented brain structural alterations induced by chronic pain, particularly in gray matter volume. However, the effects of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a severe paroxysmal pain disorder, on cortical morphology are not yet known. In this study, we recruited 30 TN patients and 30 age-, and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs). Using Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12), we calculated and compared group differences in cortical thickness, gyrification, and sulcal depth with two-sample t tests (p < 0.05, multiple comparison corrected). Relationships between altered cortical characteristics and pain intensity were investigated with correlation analysis. Compared to HCs, TN patients exhibited significantly decreased cortical thickness in the left inferior frontal, and left medial orbitofrontal cortex; decreased gyrification in the left superior frontal cortex; and decreased sulcal depth in the bilateral superior frontal (extending to anterior cingulate) cortex. In addition, we found significantly negative correlations between the mean cortical thickness in left medial orbitofrontal cortex and pain intensity, and between the mean gyrification in left superior frontal cortex and pain intensity. Chronic pain may be associated with abnormal cortical thickness, gyrification and sulcal depth in trigeminal neuralgia. These morphological changes might contribute to understand the underlying neurobiological mechanism of trigeminal neuralgia.

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The influence of biophysical parameters in a biomechanical model of cortical folding patterns

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87124-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyu Wang ◽

Julien Lefèvre ◽

Amine Bohi ◽

Mariam Al Harrach ◽

Mickael Dinomais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cortical Thickness ◽

Mean Curvature ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Biomechanical Model ◽

Mechanical Forces ◽

Cortical Folding ◽

Biophysical Parameters ◽

Gyrification Index ◽

Initial Geometry ◽

Sulcal Depth

AbstractAbnormal cortical folding patterns, such as lissencephaly, pachygyria and polymicrogyria malformations, may be related to neurodevelopmental disorders. In this context, computational modeling is a powerful tool to provide a better understanding of the early brain folding process. Recent studies based on biomechanical modeling have shown that mechanical forces play a crucial role in the formation of cortical convolutions. However, the effect of biophysical parameters in these models remain unclear. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the cortical growth, the initial geometry and the initial cortical thickness on folding patterns. In addition, we not only use several descriptors of the folds such as the dimensionless mean curvature, the surface-based three-dimensional gyrification index and the sulcal depth, but also propose a new metric to quantify the folds orientation. The results demonstrate that the cortical growth mode does almost not affect the complexity degree of surface morphology; the variation in the initial geometry changes the folds orientation and depth, and in particular, the slenderer the shape is, the more folds along its longest axis could be seen and the deeper the sulci become. Moreover, the thinner the initial cortical thickness is, the higher the spatial frequency of the folds is, but the shallower the sulci become, which is in agreement with the previously reported effects of cortical thickness.

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Variations in Brain Morphometry Among Healthy Preschoolers Born Very Preterm

10.1101/734277 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Holly M. Hasler ◽

Timothy T. Brown ◽

Natacha Akshoomoff

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Brain Maturation ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Very Preterm ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Sulcal Depth

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth is associated with an increased risk of neonatal brain injury, which can lead to alterations in brain maturation. Advances in neonatal care have dramatically reduced the incidence of the most significant medical consequences of preterm birth. Relatively healthy preterm infants remain at increased risk for subtle injuries that impact future neurodevelopmental and functioning.AimsTo investigate the gray matter morphometry measures of cortical thickness, surface area, and sulcal depth in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging at 5 years of age in healthy children born very preterm.Study designCohort studySubjectsParticipants were 52 children born very preterm (VPT; less than 33 weeks gestational age) and 37 children born full term.Outcome measuresCortical segmentation and calculation of morphometry measures were completed using FreeSurfer version 5.3.0 and compared between groups using voxel-wise, surface-based analyses.ResultsThe VPT group had a significantly thinner cortex in temporal and parietal regions as well as thicker gray matter in the occipital and inferior frontal regions. Reduced surface area was found in the fusiform area in the VPT group. Sulcal depth was also lower in the VPT group within the posterior parietal and inferior temporal regions and greater sulcal depth was found in the middle temporal and medial parietal regions. Results in some of these regions were correlated with gestational age at birth in the VPT group.ConclusionsThe most widespread differences between the VPT and FT groups were found in cortical thickness. These findings may represent a combination of delayed maturation and permanent alterations caused by the perinatal processes associated with very preterm birth.

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Age differences in head motion and estimates of cortical morphology

10.1101/275925 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher R. Madan

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Open Access ◽

Sample Size ◽

Age Differences ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Fractal Dimensionality ◽

Head Motion ◽

Adult Lifespan ◽

Cortical Morphology ◽

Age Studies

AbstractCortical morphology is known to differ with age, as measured by cortical thickness, fractal dimensionality, and gyrification. However, head motion during MRI scanning has been shown to influence estimates of cortical thickness as well as increase with age. Studies have also found task-related differences in head motion and relationships between body-mass index (BMI) and head motion. Here I replicated these prior findings, as well as several others, within a large, open-access dataset (Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience, CamCAN). This is a larger dataset than these results have been demonstrated previously, within a sample size of more than 600 adults across the adult lifespan. While replicating prior findings is important, demonstrating these key findings concurrently also provides an opportunity for additional related analyses: Critically, I test for the influence of head motion on cortical fractal dimensionality and gyrification; effects were statistically significant in some cases, but small in magnitude.

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