Experimental approaches to understanding variation in grain size in Panicum miliaceum (broomcorn millet) and its relevance for interpreting archaeobotanical assemblages

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedre Motuzaite-Matuzeviciute ◽  
Harriet V. Hunt ◽  
Martin K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Broomcorn Millet ◽  
Experimental Approaches

scholarly journals A model for the domestication of Panicum miliaceum (common, proso or broomcorn millet) in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Stevens ◽  
Gideon Shelach-Lavi ◽  
Hai Zhang ◽  
Mingyu Teng ◽  
Dorian Q. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Broomcorn Millet ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Domestication Selection

Abstract This paper outlines a model for the domestication of Panicum miliaceum (broomcorn millet) in Northern China. Data from 43 archaeological sites indicate a continuous increase in average grain size between 6000 and 3300 bc. After this date there is a divergence, with grain size continuing to increase in some populations, while others show no further size increase. The initial increase in grain size is attributed to selection during domestication, while later divergence after 3300 bc is interpreted as resulting from post-domestication selection. Measurements of grains from two archaeological populations of P. ruderale, showed grains were longer in length by 3300 bc than the earliest grains of P. miliaceum. This suggests this sub-species includes many feral, weedy and/or introgressed forms of P. miliaceum and therefore is probably not entirely representative of the true wild ancestor. It is argued that changes from shattering to non-shattering are contemporary with increasing grain size and the commencement of cultivation. The window of P. miliaceum domestication is therefore likely to lie between 7000 and 3300 bc. However, it is probable that a lengthy period of millet harvesting and small-scale management preceded its domestication.

scholarly journals Hydrogen isotopic fractionations during syntheses of lipid biomarkers in the seeds of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under controlled environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 104221
Author(s):  
Jérémy Jacob ◽  
Nicolas Bossard ◽  
Thierry Bariac ◽  
Valery Terwilliger ◽  
Philippe Biron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Broomcorn Millet

scholarly journals Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Accumulation of the Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Profile of Broomcorn Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Flour

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Obyedul Kalam Azad ◽  
Da In Jeong ◽  
Md Adnan ◽  
Timnoy Salitxay ◽  
Jeong Won Heo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Broomcorn Millet

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is an important nutritious ancient minor-cereal food crop. However, this crop is little explored in the food processing arena to improve its functionality. In this context, different processing methods were applied to enhance the secondary compounds of broomcorn millet. Four different individual methods such as roasting, steaming, puffing, and extrusion were applied at 110 °C to enhance the functional attributes of millet flour. It was observed that the significantly highest content of total phenolic (TP) (670 mg/100 g of ferulic acid equivalent) and total flavonoid (TF) (391 mg/100 g of rutin equivalent ) was attained in the roasted whole millet followed by steaming (315 mg/100 g, 282 mg/100 g), puffing (645 mg/100 g, 304 mg/100 g), extrusion (455 mg/100 g, 219 mg/100 g), and control (295 mg/100 g, 183 mg/100 g). The chromatographic analysis showed a greater content of single phenolic acids such as syringic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and catechin in roasted millet compared to control, and the content of each acid was higher in whole millet than dehulled. Results also indicated that the content of ferulic acid was relatively higher among the quantified single phenolic acid from broomcorn millet. Likewise, in comparison with dehulled millet, the roasted whole millet showed higher total antioxidant capacity, measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), the phosphomolybdenum method (PPMD), and the hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (HRSC) method. Lastly, it is concluded that the roasting method should be taken into consideration in the processing of broomcorn millet to enhance the content of nutraceutical compounds and improve its functionality.

scholarly journals Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Broomcorn Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and Comparative Analysis with Other Panicoideae Species

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Nie ◽  
Xian Zhao ◽  
Sue Wang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Genomic Knowledge ◽  
Broomcorn Millet ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Cp Genome

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is one of the earliest domesticated cereals worldwide, holding significant agricultural, historical, and evolutionary importance. However, our genomic knowledge of it is rather limited at present, hampering further genetic and evolutionary studies. Here, we sequenced and assembled the chloroplast genome (cp) of broomcorn millet and compared it with five other Panicoideae species. Results showed that the cp genome of broomcorn millet was 139,826 bp in size, with a typical quadripartite structure. In total, 108 genes were annotated and 18 genes were duplicated in the IR (inverted region) region, which was similar to other Panicoideae species. Comparative analysis showed a rather conserved genome structure between them, with three common regions. Furthermore, RNA editing, codon usage, and expansion of the IR, as well as simple sequence repeat (SSR) elements, were systematically investigated and 13 potential DNA markers were developed for Panicoideae species identification. Finally, phylogenetic analysis implied that broomcorn millet was a sister species to Panicum virgatum within the tribe Paniceae, and supported a monophyly of the Panicoideae. This study has reported for the first time the genome organization, gene content, and structural features of the chloroplast genome of broomcorn millet, which provides valuable information for genetic and evolutionary studies in the genus Panicum and beyond.

scholarly journals Domestication and Spread of Broomcorn Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Revealed by Phylogeography of Cultivated and Weedy Populations

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Yue Xu ◽  
Minxuan Liu ◽  
Chunxiang Li ◽  
Fengjie Sun ◽  
Ping Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Structure Pattern ◽  
Broomcorn Millet ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Simple Sequence

Cultivated broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), one of the most ancient crops, has long been an important staple food in the semiarid regions of Eurasia. Weedy broomcorn millet (Panicum ruderale (Kitag.) Chang comb. Nov.), the companion weed of cultivated broomcorn millet, is also widely distributed throughout Eurasia and can produce fertile offspring by crossing with cultivated broomcorn millet. The evolutionary and genetic relationships between weedy and cultivated broomcorn millets, and the explicit domestication areas and detailed spread routes of this cereal are still unclear. The genetic diversity and population structure of 200 accessions of weedy and cultivated broomcorn millets were explored to elucidate the genetic relationship between weedy and cultivated broomcorn millets, and to trace the explicit domestication areas and detailed spread routes of broomcorn millets by using 23 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Our results show that the weedy populations in China may harbor the ancestral variations that gave rise to the domesticated broomcorn millet. The population structure pattern observed in the wild and domesticated broomcorn millets is consistent with the hypothesis that there may be at least two independent domestication areas in China for the cultivated broomcorn millet, the Loess Plateau and the Northeast China, with both following the westward spread routes. These two westward spread routes of cultivated broomcorn millet coincide exactly with the prehistoric Oasis Route and Steppe Route, respectively.

scholarly journals Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (23) ◽  
pp. 6444-6448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajing Wang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Terry Ball ◽  
Linjie Yu ◽  
Yuanqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Beer Brewing ◽  
Broomcorn Millet ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Job’S Tears ◽  
Western Eurasia

The pottery vessels from the Mijiaya site reveal, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence of in situ beer making in China, based on the analyses of starch, phytolith, and chemical residues. Our data reveal a surprising beer recipe in which broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi), and tubers were fermented together. The results indicate that people in China established advanced beer-brewing technology by using specialized tools and creating favorable fermentation conditions around 5,000 y ago. Our findings imply that early beer making may have motivated the initial translocation of barley from the Western Eurasia into the Central Plain of China before the crop became a part of agricultural subsistence in the region 3,000 y later.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document