scholarly journals A healthy dietary pattern with a low inflammatory potential reduces the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Pajunen ◽  
Liisa Korkalo ◽  
Ella Koivuniemi ◽  
Noora Houttu ◽  
Outi Pellonperä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Eating Frequency ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Purpose An optimal diet for lowering the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still to be defined, but may comprise of nutrient intakes, dietary patterns, diet quality, and eating frequency. This study was designed to investigate the contribution of diet in developing GDM in a comprehensive way. Methods The dietary intake of overweight or obese women, a risk group for GDM (n = 351), was assessed using 3-day food diaries and diet quality questionnaires in early pregnancy. Eating frequency and nutrient intakes were calculated, and dietary patterns identified using principal component analysis. The inflammatory potential of the diet was determined by calculating the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and energy-adjusted DII (E-DII™). GDM was diagnosed with an oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 gestational weeks. Results Higher adherence to ‘healthier dietary pattern’ characterized by consumptions of vegetables and rye bread associated with a reduced risk of GDM (adjusted OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11–0.70). Higher E-DII score, indicating pro-inflammatory diet, was associated with a 27% higher risk of GDM (adjusted OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.08–1.49) for each E-DII point. In the evaluation of nutrient intakes, total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and trans fatty acids were higher and fiber lower in women developing GDM compared to women not developing GDM (all p < 0.05). Intakes of total fat, SFAs, and trans fatty acids were also significant predictors for GDM (all p < 0.05). Conclusions The results emphasize the importance of an overall healthy diet and limitation of foods with SFAs, and other nutrients with a high inflammatory potential in reducing the risk of GDM. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01922791, August 14, 2013.

scholarly journals Diet Quality among Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Areas of Hunan Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5942
Author(s):  
Mingshu Li ◽  
Jingcheng Shi ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Qing Long ◽  
Qiping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Linear Regression Models

Diet quality is critical for postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progression among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) is a dietary index developed according to the latest Chinese Dietary Guidelines (CDG-2016). Our study aimed to assess the diet quality of women with previous GDM in rural areas of Hunan Province by applying the CHEI. Women with previous GDM in two counties of Hunan were enrolled. Their food intake data, which were used to calculate their CHEI scores, were collected by a 24-h dietary recall. The association of CHEI with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables was evaluated via linear regression models. 404 women were included in the final analysis. The mean score of the total CHEI was 54.9 (SD 7.9). The components of whole grains and mixed beans, seeds and nuts, tubers, dairy, and poultry scored extremely low. Ethnic minority groups and women younger than 30 years had lower CHEI scores. Our study observed an unsatisfactory diet quality among women with previous GDM in rural areas of Hunan Province. Future dietary education focusing on the CDG is needed to improve their diet quality and help in T2DM prevention among this population, especially young and ethnic minority women.

scholarly journals The Role of Arachidonic and Linoleic Acid Derivatives in Pathological Pregnancies and the Human Reproduction Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9628
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szczuko ◽  
Justyna Kikut ◽  
Natalia Komorniak ◽  
Jacek Bilicki ◽  
Zbigniew Celewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
In Pregnancy

The aim of the available literature review was to focus on the role of the proinflammatory mediators of AA and LA derivatives in pathological conditions related to reproduction and pregnancy. Arachidonic (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) derivatives play important roles in human fertility and the course of pathological pregnancies. Recent studies have demonstrated that uncontrolled inflammation has a significant impact on reproduction, spermatogenesis, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) genesis, implantation, pregnancy and labor. In addition, cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandins and AA metabolite levels are higher in women’s ovarian tissue when suffering from PCOS. It has been demonstrated that abnormal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels are associated with ovulation failure, infertility, and implantation disorders and the increase in 9-HODE/13-HODE was a feature recognized in PCOS patients. Maintaining inflammation without neutrophil participation allows pregnant women to tolerate the fetus, while excessive inflammatory activation may lead to miscarriages and other pathological complications in pregnancies. Additionally AA and LA derivatives play an important role in pregnancy pathologies, e.g., gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia (PE), and fetal growth, among others. The pathogenesis of PE and other pathological states in pregnancy involving eicosanoids have not been fully identified. A significant expression of 15-LOX-1,2 was found in women with PE, leading to an increase in the synthesis of AA and LA derivatives, such as hydroxyeicozatetraenoic acids (HETE) and hydroxyoctadecadiene acids (HODE). Synthesis of the metabolites 5-, 8-, 12-, and 15-HETE increased in the placenta, while 20-HETE increased only in umbilical cord blood in women with preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancies. In obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) an increase in epoxygenase products in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) and the level of 20-HETE associated with the occurrence of insulin resistance (IR) were found. In addition, 12- and 20-HETE levels were associated with arterial vasoconstriction and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) with arterial vasodilatation and uterine relaxation. Furthermore, higher levels of 5- and 15-HETE were associated with premature labor. By analyzing the influence of free fatty acids (FFA) and their derivatives on male reproduction, it was found that an increase in the AA in semen reduces its amount and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids showed higher values in infertile men compared to the fertile control group. There are several studies on the role of HETE/HODE in relation to male fertility. 15-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid may affect the integrity of the membrane and sperm function. Moreover, the incubation of sperm with physiologically low levels of prostaglandins (PGE2/PGF2α) improves the functionality of human sperm. Undoubtedly, these problems are still insufficiently understood and require further research. However, HETE and HODE could serve as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers for pregnancy pathologies (especially in women with risk factors for overweight and obesity). Such knowledge may be helpful in finding new treatment strategies for infertility and the course of high-risk pregnancies.

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Patterns and Gestational Diabetes Risk: A Case-Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sedaghat ◽  
Mahdieh Akhoondan ◽  
Mehdi Ehteshami ◽  
Vahideh Aghamohammadi ◽  
Nila Ghanei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After

Background. Maternal dietary patterns play an important role in the progress of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of the present study was to explore this association.Method. A total of 388 pregnant women (122 case and 266 control) were included. Dietary intake were collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). GDM was diagnosed using a 100-gram, 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary pattern was identified by factor analysis. To investigate the relation between each of the independent variables with gestational diabetes, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated.Results. Western dietary pattern was high in sweets, jams, mayonnaise, soft drinks, salty snacks, solid fat, high-fat dairy products, potatoes, organ meat, eggs, red meat, processed foods, tea, and coffee. The prudent dietary pattern was characterized by higher intake of liquid oils, legumes, nuts and seeds, fruits and dried fruits, fish and poultry whole, and refined grains. Western dietary pattern was associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus before and after adjustment for confounders (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.27–3.04, OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.04–2.27). However, no significant association was found for a prudent pattern.Conclusion. These findings suggest that the Western dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of GDM.

scholarly journals Association between maternal dietary quality and gestational diabetes mellitus based on the Diet Balance Index for Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Can Luo ◽  
Rui Zhao ◽  
Yatan Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Balance Index

Abstract Background: Maternal diet is critical to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but sparse studies have applied the Chinese Dietary Balance Index for Pregnancy (DBI-P) to assess the maternal dietary quality and its relationship with GDM. We aimed to examine the maternal dietary quality and its relationship with GDM risk using the newly developed DBI-P. Methods: We included 1122 pregnant women from the Tongji Birth Cohort (TJBC) in Wuhan, China. The semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain the dietary information during pregnancy. The newly developed DBI-P, including DBI-P components and DBI-P dietary patterns, was applied to comprehensively evaluate the maternal dietary quality. GDM was diagnosed by the 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks gestation. We used a generalized linear regression model to examine the relationship between DBI-P components and blood glucose levels, and a logistic regression model to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and GDM. Results: A total of 179 participants (16.0%) were diagnosed with GDM. There is a widespread phenomenon of dietary imbalance among pregnant women in Wuhan. With per score increase in nuts and eggs, fasting blood glucose increase by 0.03 mmol/l (95% CI: 0.01, 0.05) and 0.01 mmol/l (95 %CI: 0.01, 0.03), respectively, while per score increase in fruits, 1-h post-load blood glucose decreased by 0.05 mmol/l (95% CI: -0.10, -0.01). Besides, compared with pattern E characterized by higher intake of total energy, total fat, fruits, and cooking oil, pattern B (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.99) and pattern C (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.81) were associated with a lower GDM risk. The associations between dietary patterns and GDM risk may be partly attributed to the intakes of dietary total fat, carbohydrate, cholesterol, eggs, and cooking oil. Conclusions: Unfavorable dietary quality during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of GDM. The newly established DBI-P can provide an easy-to-implement tool to assess maternal dietary quality. These findings will provide new insights for the exploration of preferable dietary evaluation methods and prevention and control of GDM.

scholarly journals Diet Quality and History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Childbearing Women, United States, 2007–2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui S. Xiao ◽  
Tiffany A. Moore Simas ◽  
Sharina D. Person ◽  
Robert J. Goldberg ◽  
Molly E. Waring
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
United States ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Childbearing Women

PP003-SUN EFFECT OF PREPREGNANCY OBESITY ON FATTY ACIDS AND BIRTH OUTCOMES IN SUBJECTS WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
A. Pagán Bernabéu ◽  
J.E. Blanco ◽  
M.T. Prieto Sánchez ◽  
S. Zamora ◽  
J.J. Parrilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Prepregnancy Obesity

scholarly journals Diet Quality Indices and Physical Activity Levels Associated with Adequacy of Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1842
Author(s):  
Vanessa Averof Honorato de Almeida ◽  
Rafaela Alkmin da Costa ◽  
Cristiane de Freitas Paganoti ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Mikami ◽  
Ana Maria da Silva Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Gestational Weight

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Diet Quality Index (DQI) and the Physical Activity (PA) levels associated with adequacy of gestational weight gain in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 172 pregnant women with a single fetus and a diagnosis of GDM participated. Food intake was self-reported on the food frequency questionnaire and DQI was quantified using the index validated and revised for Brazil (DQI-R). To assess PA, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered. Gestational weight gain was classified, following the criteria of the Institute of Medicine, into adequate (AWG), insufficient (IWG), or excessive (EWG) weight gain. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed, with level of significance <0.05. The participants were divided into 3 groups: AWG (33.1%), IWG (27.3%), and EWG (39.5%). The analysis indicated that if the pregnant women PA fell into tertile 1 or 2, then they had a greater chance of having IWG, whereas those with the lowest scores on the DQI-R, whose PA fell into tertile 2, and pregestational obesity women had the greatest chance of having EWG. This study has shown that low PA levels may contribute towards IWG. On the other hand, a low final DQI-R score, representing inadequate food habits, low PA levels, and pregestational obesity may increase the chance of EWG in patients with GDM.

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