scholarly journals Acute effects of ketamine on the pregenual anterior cingulate: linking spontaneous activation, functional connectivity, and glutamate metabolism

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Gärtner ◽  
Anne Weigand ◽  
Milan Scheidegger ◽  
Mick Lehmann ◽  
Patrik O. Wyss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Glutamate Metabolism ◽  
Frontal Pole ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Right

AbstractKetamine exerts its rapid antidepressant effects via modulation of the glutamatergic system. While numerous imaging studies have investigated the effects of ketamine on a functional macroscopic brain level, it remains unclear how altered glutamate metabolism and changes in brain function are linked. To shed light on this topic we here conducted a multimodal imaging study in healthy volunteers (N = 23) using resting state fMRI and proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate linkage between metabolic and functional brain changes induced by ketamine. Subjects were investigated before and during an intravenous ketamine infusion. The MRS voxel was placed in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), as this region has been repeatedly shown to be involved in ketamine’s effects. Our results showed functional connectivity changes from the pgACC to the right frontal pole and anterior mid cingulate cortex (aMCC). Absolute glutamate and glutamine concentrations in the pgACC did not differ significantly from baseline. However, we found that stronger pgACC activation during ketamine was linked to lower glutamine concentration in this region. Furthermore, reduced functional connectivity between pgACC and aMCC was related to increased pgACC activation and reduced glutamine. Our results thereby demonstrate how multimodal investigations in a single brain region could help to advance our understanding of the association between metabolic and functional changes.

scholarly journals Aberrant Frontostriatal Connectivity in Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh K Shukla ◽  
Joshua John Chiappelli ◽  
Hemalatha Sampath ◽  
Peter Kochunov ◽  
Stephanie M Hare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Distinct Component ◽  
The Right

AbstractNegative symptoms represent a distinct component of psychopathology in schizophrenia (SCZ) and are a stable construct over time. Although impaired frontostriatal connectivity has been frequently described in SCZ, its link with negative symptoms has not been carefully studied. We tested the hypothesis that frontostriatal connectivity at rest may be associated with the severity of negative symptoms in SCZ. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) data from 95 mostly medicated patients with SCZ and 139 healthy controls (HCs) were acquired. Negative symptoms were assessed using the Brief Negative Symptom Scale. The study analyzed voxel-wise rsFC between 9 frontal “seed regions” and the entire striatum, with the intention to reduce potential biases introduced by predefining any single frontal or striatal region. SCZ showed significantly reduced rsFC between the striatum and the right medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), lateral prefrontal cortex, and rostral anterior cingulate cortex compared with HCs. Further, rsFC between the striatum and the right medial OFC was significantly associated with negative symptom severity. The involved striatal regions were primarily at the ventral putamen. Our results support reduced frontostriatal functional connectivity in SCZ and implicate striatal connectivity with the right medial OFC in negative symptoms. This task-independent resting functional magnetic resonance imaging study showed that medial OFC–striatum functional connectivity is reduced in SCZ and associated with severity of negative symptoms. This finding supports a significant association between frontostriatal connectivity and negative symptoms and thus may provide a potential circuitry-level biomarker to study the neurobiological mechanisms of negative symptoms.

scholarly journals Effect of single dose N-acetylcysteine administration on resting state functional connectivity in schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 237 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant McQueen ◽  
Aderlee Lay ◽  
John Lally ◽  
Anthony S. Gabay ◽  
Tracy Collier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Frontal Pole ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind

Abstract Rationale There is interest in employing N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of schizophrenia, but investigations of the functional signatures of its pharmacological action are scarce. Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) that occur following administration of a single dose of NAC in patients with schizophrenia. A secondary aim was to examine whether differences in rs-FC between conditions were mediated by glutamate metabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Methods In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, 20 patients with schizophrenia had two MRI scans administered 7 days apart, following oral administration of either 2400 mg NAC or placebo. Resting state functional fMRI (rsfMRI) assessed the effect of NAC on rs-FC within the default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure Glx/Cr (glutamate plus glutamine, in ratio to creatine) levels in the ACC during the same scanning sessions. Results Compared to the placebo condition, the NAC condition was associated with reduced within the DMN and SN, specifically between the medial pre-frontal cortex to mid frontal gyrus, and ACC to frontal pole (all p < 0.04). There were no significant correlations between ACC Glx/Cr and rs-FC in either condition (p > 0.6). Conclusions These findings provide preliminary evidence that NAC can reduce medial frontal rs-FC in schizophrenia. Future studies assessing the effects of NAC on rs-FC in early psychosis and on repeated administration in relation to efficacy would be of interest.

scholarly journals O2.2. EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLUTAMATE AND BRAIN CONNECTIVITY IN ANTIPSYCHOTIC-NAïVE FIRST EPISODE PATIENTS – A COMBINED MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND RESTING STATE FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY MRI STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S4-S4
Author(s):  
Jose Maximo ◽  
Frederic Briend ◽  
William Armstrong ◽  
Nina Kraguljac ◽  
Adrienne Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Functional Connectivity Mri

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is thought to be a disorder of brain dysconnectivity. An imbalance between cortical excitation/inhibition is also implicated, but the link between these abnormalities remains unclear. The present study used resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate how measurements of glutamate + glutamine (Glx) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) relate to rs-fcMRI in medication-naïve first episode psychosis (FEP) subjects compared to healthy controls (HC). Based on our previous findings, we hypothesized that in HC would show correlations between Glx and rs-fMRI in the salience and default mode network, but these relationships would be altered in FEP. Methods Data from 53 HC (age = 24.70 ±6.23, 34M/19F) and 60 FEP (age = 24.08 ±6.29, 38M/22F) were analyzed. To obtain MRS data, a voxel was placed in the ACC (PRESS, TR/TE = 2000/80ms). Metabolite concentrations were quantified with respect to internal water using the AMARES algorithm in jMRUI. rs-fMRI data were processed using a standard preprocessing pipeline in the CONN toolbox. BOLD signal from a priori brain regions of interest from posterior cingulate cortex (default mode network, DMN), anterior cingulate cortex (salience network, SN), and right posterior parietal cortex (central executive network, CEN) were extracted and correlated with the rest of the brain to measure functional connectivity (FC). Group analyses were performed on Glx, FC, and Glx-FC interactions while controlling for age, gender, and motion when applicable. FC and Glx-FC analyses were performed using small volume correction [(p &lt; 0.01, threshold-free cluster enhancement corrected (TFCE)]. Results No significant between-group differences were found in Glx concentration in the ACC [F(1, 108) = 0.34, p = 0.56], but reduced FC was found on each network in FEP compared to HC (pTFCE corrected). Group Glx-FC interactions were found in the form of positive correlations between Glx and FC in DMN and SN in the HC group, but not in FEP; and negative correlations in CEN in HC, but not in FEP. Discussion While we did not find significant group differences in ACC Glx measurements, ACC Glx modulated FC differentially in FEP and HC. Positive correlations between Glx and FC were found in the SN and DMN, suggesting long range modulation of the two networks in HC, but not in FEP. Additionally, negative correlations between Glx and FC were found in CEN in HC, but not in FEP. Overall, these results suggest that even in the absence of group differences in Glx concentration, the long-range modulation of these 3 networks by ACC Glx is altered in FEP.

scholarly journals Resting-state functional connectivity, cortical GABA and neuroactive steroids in peripartum and peripartum depressed women: a functional magnetic imaging and resonance study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Deligiannidis ◽  
Christina L. Fales ◽  
Aimee R. Kroll-Desrosiers ◽  
Scott A. Shaffer ◽  
Vanessa Villamarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Neuroactive Steroids ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTPostpartum depression (PPD) is associated with abnormalities in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) but the underlying neurochemistry is unclear. We hypothesized that peripartum GABAergic neuroactive steroids (NAS) are related to cortical GABA concentrations and RSFC in PPD as compared to healthy comparison women (HCW). To test this, we measured RSFC with fMRI and GABA+/Creatine (Cr) concentrations with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in the pregenual anterior cingulate (pgACC) and occipital cortices (OCC) and quantified peripartum plasma NAS. We examined between-group differences in RSFC and the relationship between cortical GABA+/Cr concentrations with RSFC. We investigated the relationship between NAS, RSFC and cortical GABA+/Cr concentrations. Within the default mode network (DMN) an area of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) had greater connectivity with the rest of the DMN in PPD (peak voxel: MNI coordinates (2, 58, 32), p=0.002) and was correlated to depression scores (peak HAM-D17 voxel: MNI coordinates (0, 60, 34), p=0.008). pgACC GABA+/Cr correlated positively with DMPFC RSFC in a region spanning the right anterior/posterior insula and right temporal pole (r=+0.661, p=0.000). OCC GABA+/Cr correlated positively with regions spanning both amygdalae (right amygdala: r=+0.522, p=0.000; left amygdala: r=+0.651, p=0.000) as well as superior parietal areas. Plasma allopregnanolone was higher in PPD (p=0.03) and positively correlated with intra DMPFC connectivity (r=+0.548, p=0.000) but not GABA+/Cr. These results provide initial evidence that PPD is associated with altered DMN connectivity; cortical GABA+/Cr concentrations are associated with postpartum RSFC and allopregnanolone is associated with postpartum intra-DMPFC connectivity.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study on Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Individuals with Disorganized Attachment: Evidence for Key Regions in Amygdala and Hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
Gianluca Cruciani ◽  
Maddalena Boccia ◽  
Vittorio Lingiardi ◽  
Guido Giovanardi ◽  
Pietro Zingaretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
The Right

Studies comparing organized (O) and unresolved/disorganized (UD) attachment have consistently shown structural and functional brain abnormalities, although whether and how attachment patterns may affect resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) is still little characterized. Here, we investigated RSFC of temporal and limbic regions of interest for UD attachment. Participants’ attachment was classified via the Adult Attachment Interview, and all participants underwent clinical assessment. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 11 UD individuals and seven matched O participants during rest. A seed-to-voxel analysis was performed, including the anterior and the posterior cingulate cortex, the bilateral insula, amygdala and hippocampus as seed regions. No group differences in the clinical scales emerged. Compared to O, the UD group showed lower RSFC between the left amygdala and the left cerebellum (lobules VIII), and lower functional coupling between the right hippocampus and the posterior portion of the right middle temporal gyrus. Moreover, UD participants showed higher RSFC between the right amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex. Our findings suggest RSFC alterations in regions associated with encoding of salient events, emotion processing, memories retrieval and self-referential processing in UD participants, highlighting the potential role of attachment experiences in shaping brain abnormalities also in non-clinical UD individuals.

scholarly journals Anterior cingulate cortex differently modulates fronto-parietal functional connectivity between resting-state and working memory tasks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Di ◽  
Heming Zhang ◽  
Bharat B Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
The Right ◽  
State 1

AbstractThe brain fronto-parietal regions and the functional communications between them are critical in supporting working memory and other executive functions. The functional connectivity between fronto-parietal regions are modulated by working memory loads, and are shown to be modulated by a third brain region in resting-state. However, it is largely unknown that whether the third-region modulations remain the same during working memory tasks or were largely modulated by task demands. In the current study, we collected functional MRI (fMRI) data when the subjects were performing n-back tasks and in resting-state. We first used a block-designed localizer to define the fronto-parietal regions that showed higher activations in the 2-back than the 1-back condition. Next, we performed physiophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis using left and right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and superior parietal lobule (SPL) regions, respectively, in three continuous-designed runs of resting-state, 1-back, and 2-back conditions. No regions showed consistent modulatory interactions with the seed pairs in the three conditions. Instead, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) showed different modulatory interactions with the right MFG and SPL among the three conditions. While increased activity of the ACC was associated with decreased functional coupling between the right MFG and SPL in resting-state, it was associated with increased functional coupling in the 2-back condition. The observed task modulations support the functional significance of the modulations of the ACC on fronto-parietal connectivity.

scholarly journals Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex controls sadness-induced modulations of cognitive and emotional network hubs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Ramírez-Mahaluf ◽  
Joan Perramon ◽  
Begonya Otal ◽  
Pablo Villoslada ◽  
Albert Compte
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Frontal Pole ◽  
Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex

AbstractThe regulation of cognitive and emotional processes is critical for proper executive functions and social behavior, but its specific mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we addressed this issue by studying with functional magnetic resonance imaging the changes in network topology that underlie competitive interactions between emotional and cognitive networks in healthy participants. Our behavioral paradigm contrasted periods with high emotional and cognitive demands by including a sadness provocation task followed by a spatial working memory task. We hypothesized that this paradigm would enhance the modularity of emotional and cognitive networks and reveal the hub areas that regulate the flow of information between them. By applying graph analysis methods on functional connectivity between 20 regions of interest in 22 participants we identified two main brain network modules, one cognitive and one emotional, and their hub areas: the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the left medial frontal pole (mFP). These hub areas did not modulate their mutual functional connectivity following sadness but they did so through an interposed area, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC). Our results identify dlPFC and mFP as areas regulating interactions between emotional and cognitive networks, and suggest that their modulation by sadness experience is mediated by sACC.

scholarly journals Pelvic Pain Alters Functional Connectivity Between Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Hippocampus in Both Humans and a Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Yu ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Yunan Chen ◽  
Zhiying Liang ◽  
Jinxiang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Social Pain

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus (HIPP) are two key brain regions associated with pain and pain-related affective processing. However, whether and how pelvic pain alters the neural activity and connectivity of the ACC and HIPP under baseline and during social pain, and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, remain unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with electrophysiology and biochemistry, we show that pelvic pain, particularly, primary dysmenorrhea (PDM), causes an increase in the functional connectivity between ACC and HIPP in resting-state fMRI, and a smaller reduction in connectivity during social exclusion in PDM females with periovulatory phase. Similarly, model rats demonstrate significantly increased ACC-HIPP synchronization in the gamma band, associating with reduced modulation by ACC-theta on HIPP-gamma and increased levels of receptor proteins and excitation. This study brings together human fMRI and animal research and enables improved therapeutic strategies for ameliorating pain and pain-related affective processing.

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