scholarly journals Internal doses in experimental mice and rats following exposure to neutron-activated 56MnO2 powder: results of an international, multicenter study

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-692
Author(s):  
Valeriy Stepanenko ◽  
Andrey Kaprin ◽  
Sergey Ivanov ◽  
Peter Shegay ◽  
Kassym Zhumadilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Internal Radiation ◽  
Internal Irradiation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
International Multicenter Study

Abstract The experiment was performed in support of a Japanese initiative to investigate the biological effects of irradiation from residual neutron-activated radioactivity that resulted from the A-bombing. Radionuclide 56Mn (T1/2 = 2.58 h) is one of the main neutron-activated emitters during the first hours after neutron activation of soil dust particles. In our previous studies (2016–2017) related to irradiation of male Wistar rats after dispersion of 56MnO2 powder, the internal doses in rats were found to be very inhomogeneous: distribution of doses among different organs ranged from 1.3 Gy in small intestine to less than 0.0015 Gy in some of the other organs. Internal doses in the lungs ranged from 0.03 to 0.1 Gy. The essential pathological changes were found in lung tissue of rats despite a low level of irradiation. In the present study, the dosimetry investigations were extended: internal doses in experimental mice and rats were estimated for various activity levels of dispersed neutron-activated 56MnO2 powder. The following findings were noted: (a) internal radiation doses in mice were several times higher in comparison with rats under similar conditions of exposure to 56MnO2 powder. (b) When 2.74 × 108 Bq of 56MnO2 powder was dispersed over mice, doses of internal irradiation ranged from 0.81 to 4.5 Gy in the gastrointestinal tract (small intestine, stomach, large intestine), from 0.096 to 0.14 Gy in lungs, and doses in skin and eyes ranged from 0.29 to 0.42 Gy and from 0.12 to 0.16 Gy, respectively. Internal radiation doses in other organs of mice were much lower. (c) Internal radiation doses were significantly lower in organs of rats with the same activity of exposure to 56MnO2 powder (2.74 × 108 Bq): 0.09, 0.17, 0.29, and 0.025 Gy in stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and lungs, respectively. (d) Doses of internal irradiation in organs of rats and mice were two to four times higher when they were exposed to 8.0 × 108 Bq of 56MnO2 (in comparison with exposure to 2.74 × 108 Bq of 56MnO2). (e) Internal radiation doses in organs of mice were 7–14 times lower with the lowest 56MnO2 amount (8.0 × 107 Bq) in comparison with the highest amount, 8.0 × 108 Bq, of dispersed 56MnO2 powder. The data obtained will be used for interpretation of biological effects in experimental mice and rats that result from dispersion of various levels of neutron-activated 56MnO2 powder, which is the subject of separate studies.

scholarly journals The effect of guar gum on the viscosity of the gastrointestinal contents and on glucose uptake from the perfused jejunum in the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Blackburn ◽  
I. T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

1. Male Wistar rats were meal-fed for at least 10d a control semi-synthetic diet containing no guar gum, or one of three similar test diets containing 3, 10 or 20 g dry guar gum/kg.2. Rats were killed 6 h after feeding, and contents of stomach, small and large intestine were collected separately. The apparent viscosities of stomach and smalt intestine contents from animals fed on diets containing 10 and 20 g guar gum/kg were increased relative to control animals, but large intestine contents were unchanged3. In the second part of this study, male Wistar rats were anaesthetized and two consecutive lengths of jejunum were perfused, initially with Ringer only (control) or Ringer plus 5 or 6g guar gum/1 (test). Following this pre-perfusion, both segments were perfused with Ringer containing glucose (10 mM), [3H]glucose and [14C]inulin, and the rate of glucose absorption was determined4. The rate of glucose absorption was decreased relative to control values in segments pre-perfused with both 5 and 6g guar gum/I solution, but this reduction was significant only in the instance of the 6g/l solution (P< 0.001)5. These results provide evidence to support previous assumptions that ingestion of guar gum will increase the apparent viscosity of the contents of the stomach and small intestine. We propose that a possible mechanism by which guar reduces post-prandial glycaemia is a reduction of glucose absorption from the smali intestine, resulting from an increase in viscosity of the contents

Experimental Study of Fibrinolytic Factors and Its Inhibitors in Rabbits’ Tissues Extract.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3965-3965
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Xu ◽  
Liansheng Huang ◽  
Xingguo Lu ◽  
Genbo Xu ◽  
Xiaoying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Striped Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pai 1

Abstract Objective: To study the expression character of fibrinolytic factors and its inhibitors in rabbits’ tissues extract. Methods: Tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ), Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( PAI-1 ), Plasminogen ( Plg ), Plasmin ( Pl ) and α2 Plasmin inhibitor ( α2PI ) were measured by colorimetric assay. Results: The tissues extract in renal, small intestine, lung, brain and spleen showed strong fibrinolytic function, and expressed markedly high activity levels of tPA, Plg and Pl. But striped muscle, tongue and stomach expressed markedly high activity levels of PAI-1 and α2PI, and showed low fibrinolytic character. There were linear correlation between levels of tPA and PAI-1 ( r=−0.8076, P<0.01 ), Pl and αPI ( r=−0.3278, P<0.05 ), Plg and Pl ( r=0.6811, P<0.01 ) in tissues extract fibrinolytic targets. In relative tissues, renal cortex and renal marrow were significantly high level of tPA and low level of PAI-1, but levels of Plg and Pl in cortex renalis were higher than in renal marrow, the α 2PI level in renal marrow were higher than in renal cortex ( P<0.05~0.01 ). The levels of tPA, Plg and Pl in small intestine were higher than tin large intestine ( P<0.05~0.01 ), but the levels of PAI-1 and α 2PI in small intestine were markedly lower than in large intestine ( P<0.01 ). These indicated that fibrinolytic function in small intestine was stronger than in large intestine. Although the fibrinolytic function in muscle tissue was low, but the levels of tPA, Plg, and Pl in cardiac muscle were obviously higher than in striped muscles, and the levels of PAI-1 and α 2PI were obviously lower than in striped muscle ( P<0.05~0.01 ). These indicated that the fibrinolytic function in cardiac muscle were stronger than in the striped muscle. Conclusion: The fibrinolytic character existed significant difference in tissues, it has profound significance in the function of heamostasis and thrombosis and physiologic function in tissues.

Anatomi Saluran Pencernaan biawak air (Varanus salvator) (Reptil: Varanidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Ihwan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Excessive hunting and poaching for commercial purpose of Varanus salvator in Indonesia can cause a decline in this animal population. However, the scientific information of this animal especially about the biologic of organ system is rarely reported. Therefore, this case opens up opportunities for researching, which aims to study the anatomy of digestive tract of water monitor macroscopically. This research has been conducted in Biology Laboratory, University of Muhammadiyah Kupang for 5 months from March to August 2016. The digestive organ of this animal that has been preserved in alcohol 70% was obtained before from two males of water monitors. Preservation process: the animal were anesthetized, exsanguinated, and fixated in 4 paraformaldehyde by tissue perfusion method. Observations were performed to the visceral site and morphometrical of digestive tract. The resulted data was analysed descriptively and presented in tables and figures. The digestive tract of water monitor consist of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and cloaca. The dimension of each organ is different based on its structures and functions. The esophagus of water monitor connects the mouth cavity and the stomach and also as the entrance of food to the stomach. Water monitor stomach were found in cranial part of abdomen, in left side of liver. The small intestine was longer than stomach and it is a winding muscular tube in abdomen in posterior side of liver. The large intestine consist of colon and cloaca, while cecum was not found. This channel was extend lateromedially in abdomen to cloaca between left and right kidneys. The cloaca was the end of digestive tract which excreted feces and urine. From this research, we can conclude that the digestive tract of water monitor consists of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It’s difficult to differentiate small intestine and large intestine because there are no cecum.

scholarly journals DSP Toxin Distribution across Organs in Mice after Acute Oral Administration

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
M. Carmen Louzao ◽  
Paula Abal ◽  
Celia Costas ◽  
Toshiyuki Suzuki ◽  
Ryuichi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dose Dependency ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Lipophilic Phycotoxins

Okadaic acid (OA) and its main structural analogs dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) and dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2) are marine lipophilic phycotoxins distributed worldwide that can be accumulated by edible shellfish and can cause diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP). In order to study their toxicokinetics, mice were treated with different doses of OA, DTX1, or DTX2 and signs of toxicity were recorded up to 24 h. Toxin distribution in the main organs from the gastrointestinal tract was assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. Our results indicate a dose-dependency in gastrointestinal absorption of these toxins. Twenty-four hours post-administration, the highest concentration of toxin was detected in the stomach and, in descending order, in the large intestine, small intestine, and liver. There was also a different toxicokinetic pathway between OA, DTX1, and DTX2. When the same toxin doses are compared, more OA than DTX1 is detected in the small intestine. OA and DTX1 showed similar concentrations in the stomach, liver, and large intestine tissues, but the amount of DTX2 is much lower in all these organs, providing information on DSP toxicokinetics for human safety assessment.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Removal of a Press-Through Pack from the Anal Canal

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Ayaka Takasu ◽  
Takashi Ikeya ◽  
Katsuyuki Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Anal Canal ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Anal Pain ◽  
Endoscopic Removal ◽  
Mild Dementia ◽  
Anal Fissures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pass Through

The incidence of press-through pack (PTP) ingestion has been increasing. In many cases, the ingested PTP is lodged in the esophagus. Here, we report a case of endoscopic removal of a PTP from the anal canal. An 89-year-old man with mild dementia presented with a 3-day history of anal pain. On digital rectal examination, we felt a hard and sharp object, which could not be manually removed due to its shape. Therefore, it was removed endoscopically. We inserted an endoscope with a large-caliber soft oblique cap and observed the PTP in the anal canal. It was successfully removed using grasping forceps. The patient was stable, with only mild anal fissures, and no serious complications such as perforation and bleeding were observed. It is generally recognized that a PTP that reaches the large intestine is naturally expelled. Even if a PTP could pass through the pylorus or the small intestine, it could still be difficult to discharge naturally from the anus without discomfort or pain, as in this case.

Biotin studies in pigs

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Kopinski ◽  
Jane Leibholz ◽  
W. L. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Maize Flour ◽  
Hind Gut

Eight pigs were given a semi-purified diet based on maize flour and casein containing 10 μg biotin/kg. The diet was given ad lib. with or without a supplement of 70 μg biotin/kg diet from 5 to 94 d of age. The flow of biotin in the stomach was similar to the biotin intake (13.5 and 112 μg/d) for the unsupplemented and biotin-supplemented pigs respectively. The flow of biotin through the small intestine decreased for the biotin-supplemented pigs from 39 μg/d in the first quarter of the small intestine to 7.9 μg/d in the last quarter. The flows of biotin in the caecum, large intestine and colon were similar for both the unsupplemented and biotin-supplemented pigs, with values of 17–54 μg/d, indicating the synthesis of biotin in the hind-gut.

Evaluation of pectin digestion and absorption in the small intestine and of fementation in the large intestine in the same subject

2003 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. A434-A435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Chinda ◽  
Shigeyuki Nakaji ◽  
Shinsaku Fukuda ◽  
Juichi Sakamoto ◽  
Tadashi Shimoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine

APPLICATION OF PIXE TECHNIQUE TO DETERMINATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN DIET AND COMPARISON WITH NAA AND ICP-AES

1996 ◽  
Vol 06 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Masae Yukawa ◽  
Yoshito Watanabe ◽  
Yoshikazu Nishimura ◽  
Mieko Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
South America ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Internal Radiation ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Daily Dietary Intake ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Total Diet

PIXE technique was applied to measurement of trace elements in total diet samples collected in Japan for estimation of their daily dietary intake. Results of PIXE analysis were compared with INAA Concentration of Cl, K, Mn and Zn by PIXE analysis well agreed with the results from NAA, while Ca, Fe and Cu showed different results between these two techniques. Preliminary data of elemental concentrations in Mate-cha, a kind of tea popular in South America, determined by ICP-AES indicated a little higher concentration of Cu than that by PIXE and much lower value than that by INAA For Zn. concentrations by PIXE and ICP well agreed to each other, while INAA gave much lower value. Japanese internal radiation doses by 137 Cs and 90 Sr were estimated to be 2.30µSv/year and 1.27µSv/year respectively as the effective dose equivalents using the daily intake data obtained for K and Ca.

scholarly journals Functional dynamics of myocardial injury biomarkers production during acute isoprenaline treatment in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Nina Gatarić ◽  
Ana Ilić ◽  
Dušan Todorović ◽  
Slavica Mutavdžin ◽  
Jovana Jakovljević-Uzelac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: Isoprenaline or isoproterenol (1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-isopropylaminoethanolhydrochloride; ISO), a synthetic b-adrenergic agonist, can be used to establish myocardial ischemia, cardiotoxicity, necrosis and/or an experimental model of infarction in rats. Aim: Determination of the dynamics of myocardial injury biomarkers production of aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and high-sensitive troponin T (hsTnT), with changes on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters during the subcutaneous aplication of ISO in male Wistar rats. Material and methods: All animals (n = 23) were divided into two groups: control group (n = 11) treated with a saline solution, during two consecutive days (0,2 ml/kg b.m. daily, sc); and the ISO group (n = 12) treated with isoprenaline, during two consecutive days (85 mg/kg b.m. daily, sc). Blood was drawn from the rat tail vein in both groups, in order to determine serum activity levels of myocardial injury biomarkers, and an ECG (n = 6) was registered prior to the application, as well as 48h following the first dose of of saline solution or isoprenaline. Results: In comparison to the control group, in which no significant enzyme activities elevation (p > 0.05) nor ECG changes were registered, ISO group presented a significant rise of two clinically significant biomarkers of acute myocardial injury/myocardial infarction (AMI), CK (p = 0.05) and hsTnT (p < 0.01), as well as an ST segment elevation, with a patognomonic ECG change. Conclusion: Obtained results support previous studies, proving that isoprenaline represents an adequate experimental model for myocardial injury/AMI induction, and a "golden standard" for evaluating potential cardioprotective effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic modalities, with the ultimate goal of lowering the degree of lesions and improving post-infarction myocardium function.

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