scholarly journals Functional dynamics of myocardial injury biomarkers production during acute isoprenaline treatment in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Nina Gatarić ◽  
Ana Ilić ◽  
Dušan Todorović ◽  
Slavica Mutavdžin ◽  
Jovana Jakovljević-Uzelac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: Isoprenaline or isoproterenol (1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-isopropylaminoethanolhydrochloride; ISO), a synthetic b-adrenergic agonist, can be used to establish myocardial ischemia, cardiotoxicity, necrosis and/or an experimental model of infarction in rats. Aim: Determination of the dynamics of myocardial injury biomarkers production of aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and high-sensitive troponin T (hsTnT), with changes on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters during the subcutaneous aplication of ISO in male Wistar rats. Material and methods: All animals (n = 23) were divided into two groups: control group (n = 11) treated with a saline solution, during two consecutive days (0,2 ml/kg b.m. daily, sc); and the ISO group (n = 12) treated with isoprenaline, during two consecutive days (85 mg/kg b.m. daily, sc). Blood was drawn from the rat tail vein in both groups, in order to determine serum activity levels of myocardial injury biomarkers, and an ECG (n = 6) was registered prior to the application, as well as 48h following the first dose of of saline solution or isoprenaline. Results: In comparison to the control group, in which no significant enzyme activities elevation (p > 0.05) nor ECG changes were registered, ISO group presented a significant rise of two clinically significant biomarkers of acute myocardial injury/myocardial infarction (AMI), CK (p = 0.05) and hsTnT (p < 0.01), as well as an ST segment elevation, with a patognomonic ECG change. Conclusion: Obtained results support previous studies, proving that isoprenaline represents an adequate experimental model for myocardial injury/AMI induction, and a "golden standard" for evaluating potential cardioprotective effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic modalities, with the ultimate goal of lowering the degree of lesions and improving post-infarction myocardium function.

scholarly journals Morphological alterations in the heart and aorta of rats treated with glucocorticoids

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
R. Dantas ◽  
K. Souza ◽  
D. Santos ◽  
V. Feitosa ◽  
E. Fioretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Heart Chamber ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoid

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the morphological structure of the heart and aorta of rats treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: 08 control rats undergoing treatment with a 0.9% saline solution for 10 days and 08 rats treated for 10 days with dexamethasone (2mg/kg animal weight). Results: Histological analysis detected a mild cardiac hypertrophy and 15% reduction of collagen located in the aorta of animals treated with glucocorticoid when compared to the control group. Conclusion: We conclude that treatment with dexamethasone for a period of 10 consecutive days is able to promote morphological changes in the structure of the heart chamber and, impair morphological structure of aorta.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Response to Deflazacort, Dexamethasone and Methylprednisolone

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Fappi ◽  
Juliana de Carvalho Neves ◽  
Leandro Nunes Sanches ◽  
Pedro Victor Massaroto e Silva ◽  
Guilherme Yuiti Sikusawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids represent some of the most prescribed drugs that are widely used in the treatment of neuromuscular diseases, but their usage leads to side effects such as muscle atrophy. However, different synthetic glucocorticoids can lead to different muscle effects, depending upon its chemical formulation. Here, we intended to demonstrate the muscle histologic and molecular effects of administering different glucocorticoids in equivalency and different dosages. Methods: Seventy male Wistar rats distributed into seven groups received different glucocorticoids in equivalency for ten days or saline solution. The study groups were: Control group (CT) saline solution; dexamethasone (DX) 1.25 or 2.5 mg/kg/day; methylprednisolone (MP) 6.7 or 13.3mg/kg/day; and deflazacort (DC) 10 or 20 mg/kg/day. At the end of the study, the animals were euthanized, and the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles were collected for metachromatic ATPase (Cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement), Western blotting (protein expression of IGF-1 and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways) and RT-PCR (MYOSTATIN, MuRF-1, Atrogin-1, REDD-1, REDD-2, MYOD, MYOG and IRS1/2 genes expression) experiments. Results: Muscle atrophy occurred preferentially in type 2B fibers in all glucocorticoid treated groups. DC on 10 mg/kg/day was less harmful to type 2B fibers CSA than other doses and types of synthetic glucocorticoids. In type 1 fibers CSA, lower doses of DC and DX were more harmful than high doses. DX had a greater effect on the IGF-1 pathway than other glucocorticoids. MP more significantly affected P-ERK1/2 expression, muscle fiber switching (fast-to-slow), and expression of REDD1 and MyoD genes than other glucocorticoids. Compared to DX and MP, DC had less of an effect on the expression of atrogenes (MURF-1 and Atrogin-1) despite increased MYOSTATIN and decreased IRS-2 genes expression. Conclusions: Different glucocorticoids appears to cause muscle atrophy affecting secondarily different signaling mechanisms. MP is more likely to affect body/muscles mass, MEK/ERK pathway and fiber type transition, DX the IGF-1 pathway and IRS1/2 expression. DC had the smallest effect on muscle atrophic response possibly due a delayed timing on atrogenes response.

scholarly journals Ginsenoside Re Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-wei Wang ◽  
Xiao-feng Yu ◽  
Hua-li Xu ◽  
Yi-chuan Jiang ◽  
Xue-zhong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Ginsenoside Re ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Mda Content

Objective. Panax ginseng is widely used for treatment of cardiovascular disorders in China. Ginsenoside Re is the main chemical component of Panax ginseng. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Ginsenoside Re on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats. Methods. Male Wistar rats were orally given Ginsenoside Re (5, 20 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. Isoproterenol was subcutaneously injected into the rats for two consecutive days at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day (on 6th and 7th day). Six hours after the last isoproterenol injection, troponin T level and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity were assayed. Histopathological examination of heart tissues was performed. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in heart tissues were measured. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) content in nucleus and the proteins of glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione cysteine ligase modulatory subunit (GCLM) in heart tissues were assayed by western blotting method. Results. Treatment with Ginsenoside Re at dose of 5, 20 mg/kg reduced troponin T level and CK-MB activity of rats subjected to isoproterenol. The cardioprotective effect of Ginsenoside Re was further confirmed by histopathological examination which showed that Ginsenoside Re attenuated the necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration. Ginsenoside Re inhibited the increase of MDA content and the decrease of GSH in heart tissues. Moreover, the Nrf2 content in nucleus and the expressions of GCLC and GCLM were significantly increased in the animals treated with Ginsenoside Re. Conclusion. These findings suggested that Ginsenoside Re possesses the property to attenuate isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemic injury by regulating the antioxidation function in cardiomyocytes.

scholarly journals Laser Photobiomodulation in the acute inflammatory response of the calcaneal tendon injury in rats exposed to cigarette smoke

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Naira Helena Bohrer Scherer ◽  
Antonio Marcos Vargas da Silva ◽  
Jessié Gutierres ◽  
Carolina Fantinel Veloso ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Pinfildi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Calcaneal Tendon ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Tendon Lesion

ABSTRACT Nicotine delays the healing process and increases the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme that plays a key role in the production of reactive oxygen species during the inflammatory process. Laser Photobiomodulation (PBM) is one of the most used electrophysical agents in the treatment of the calcaneal tendon, however, its effects on MPO activity need to be further elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of laser PBM on MPO activity after inflicting an injury to the calcaneal tendon of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Thirty-four male Wistar rats with 90 days of age were used. After 14 days of exposure to cigarette smoke, the animals were divided into three experimental groups: control group (CG, n=12), not submitted to injury or treatment; sham group (ShG, n=10), submitted to partial calcaneal tendon injury and laser PBM simulation; and laser PBM group (PBMG, n=12), submitted to partial calcaneal tendon lesion and treated with laser PBM within the first minute after injury. PBM decreased MPO activity levels in PBMG compared to ShG (CG: 1.38±0.69pg/ml; ShG: 3.78±1.09pg/ml; PBMG: 2.58±0.93pg/ml; p<0.005). In conclusion, applying laser PBM immediately after inflicting damage to the calcaneal tendon attenuates acute inflammatory activity in rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

The articular cartilage preservative effects of genistein in an experimental model of knees osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangjun Cheng ◽  
Peilian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Articular Cartilage Damage ◽  
Genistein Treatment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Monosodium Iodoacetate

The study aimed to investigate the preservative effects of genistein on articular cartilage in an experimental model of knee osteoarthritis in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were assigned to three equal groups: the sham group (SG), osteoarthritis control group (OAG), and genistein-treated osteoarthritis group (GTG). Intra-articular injections of monosodium iodoacetate were used for osteoarthritis induction. After two weeks of rest for the induction of the inflammatory process, genistein (30 mg/kg/day) vs. saline gavage was administered for eight weeks. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 8 and 13, Sox5/Sox6, Indian hedgehog (IHH), and Col2 were evaluated in medial femoral condyle sections by immunohistochemical staining. The number of chondrocytes and cartilage thicknesses were also measured and compared among the groups. No significant change in cartilage thickness was observed in GTG compared with OAG (p=0.188). Chondrocyte count was significantly higher in the articular cartilage of GTG compared with OAG (p=0.006). Induction of OA significantly increased the expression of MMP-8, MMP-13, and IHH, but decreased Col2, Sox5, and Sox6 expression (p<0.001); these were partially prevented in the GTG. Our findings support the effectiveness of genistein treatment in the prevention of articular cartilage damage in the experimental model of knee osteoarthritis. The proposed mechanism of action is through the suppression of the MMP, IHH, Col2 pathways, besides the induction of Sox5 and Sox6 expression. Novelty: -Genistein prevent articular cartilage damage in the experimental model of knee osteoarthritis. -The osteoprotective effect is trough modulation of expression of MMP, Sox, IHH, and Col2 proteins.

scholarly journals Effect of Staged Preconditioning on Biochemical Markers in the Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Alireza Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Naser Jafari ◽  
Behzad Babapoursaatlou ◽  
Hossein Doustkami ◽  
Adallat Hosseinian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Two Stages

The present study has investigated the effectiveness of staged-preconditioning, in both remote and target organs. After IP the myocardial release of the biochemical markers including, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), cardiac creatine kinase (CK-MB), cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated in patients who underwent CABG, with and without staged-preconditioning. Sixty-one patients entered the study; there were 32 patients in the staged-preconditioning group and 29 patients in the control group. All patients underwent on-pump CABG using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) techniques. In the staged-preconditioning group, patients underwent two stages of IP on remote (upper limb) and target organs. Each stage of preconditioning was carried out by 3 cycles of ischemia and then reperfusion. Serum levels of biochemical markers were immediately measured postoperatively at 24, 48 and 72 h. Serum CK-MB, CPK and LDH levels were significantly lower in the staged-preconditioning group than in the control group. The CK-MB release in the staged-preconditioning patients reduced by 51% in comparison with controls over 72 h after CABG. These results suggest that myocardial injury was attenuated by the effect of three rounds of both remote and target organ IP.

scholarly journals The effects of binge-pattern alcohol consumption on orthodontic tooth movement

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Miranda de Araujo ◽  
Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues Johann ◽  
Elisa Souza Camargo ◽  
Orlando Motohiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess tissue changes during orthodontic movement after binge-pattern ethanol 20% exposure.METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 54) were divided into two groups. The control group (CG) received 0.9% saline solution, while the experimental group (EG) received 20% ethanol in 0.9% saline solution (3 g/kg/day). On the 30th day, a force of 25 cN was applied with a nickel-titanium closed coil spring to move the maxillary right first molar mesially. The groups were further divided into three subgroups (2, 14 and 28 days). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and picrosirius were used to assess bone resorption and neoformation, respectively. Data were compared by two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, Games-Howell and chi-square test. Significance level was set at 5%.RESULTS: There was a decrease in the number of osteoclasts in EG at day 28. The percentage of collagen showed no interaction between group and time.CONCLUSION: Binge-pattern 20% ethanol promoted less bone resorption at the end of tooth movement, thereby suggesting delay in tooth movement.

scholarly journals Cardioand neuroprotection with volatile anesthetics in cardiac surgery

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yu. Borisov ◽  
D. I. Levikov ◽  
O. A. Grebenchikov ◽  
V. V. Likhvantsev ◽  
V. L. Shaybakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Anesthetic Preconditioning ◽  
Cabg Patients ◽  
Protein S100b ◽  
Volatile Induction

The researcher's opinions about myocardial and brain anesthetic preconditioning efficiency are yet contradictive. In addition, the anesthetic neuroprotection phenomenon is poorly investigated. In this study the authors attempted to evaluate the efficiency of myocardial and central nervous system (CNS) protection by using a modified method of volatile induction and maintenance of anesthesia (VIMA) based on pulse-like sevoflurane dosing that excludes propofol usage. Ninety CABG patients aged 45-75 years were included in the study group (VIMA) and underwent volatile induction with sevoflurane and anesthetic preconditioning (2 MAC) for 10 min before aortic cross-clamping, with ataralgesia used during CPB. The control group patients (TIVA) received propofol and fentanyl, no inhalation anesthetics were applied. Preoperative concentrations of NTpro-BNP were comparable. There was no significant rise of NTpro-BNP concentration in the VIMA group during the postoperative period. In the TIVA group NTpro-BNP concentrations were 3.8 and 4.8 times as much as the baseline values at 24 and 48 postoperative hours respectively (р<0.05). 17 patients in the VIMA group needed dopamine infusion during 24 postoperative hours, this number was 1.7 times less than that in the TIVA group (23 patients) (р<0.05). VIMA patients had 2-fold lower troponin T concentration in 24 hours after surgery (р<0.01). Significant differences in protein S100B concentrations were observed only during the postoperative period. No significant differences in cognitive functions of the patients from both groups were identified before surgery. On postoperative day 2 MMSE scale count was significantly lower in TIVA patients (20.843.73) in comparison with VI-MA patients (23.364.34) (р<0.05). Thus, the modified VIMA technique with sevoflurane has a greater neuroprotective potential during CABG with CPB and provides better preservation of myocardium structural integrity and cardiac performance than fentanyl/4propofol-based TIVA would do.

Desenvolvimento de um Modelo Experimental de Dislipidemia de Baixo Custo/Development of low Cost Dislipidemia Experimental Model

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Nilo César do Vale Baracho ◽  
Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes ◽  
Kalina Tondato De Paula e Silva ◽  
Thiago Fernandes Marques ◽  
André Luiz Rios Dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Standard Ration

Objetivo: Desenvolver um novo método experimental de baixo custo para indução de dislipidemia em ratos. Materiais e Métodos: Foram utilizados 20 ratos, da linhagem Wistar, divididos em dois grupos (n=10). O grupo 1 (controle) recebeu ração padrão para ratos da marca Purina® (com concentração padrão de colesterol) e o grupo 2 recebeu a mesma ração adicionada de 0,5% p/p de colesterol, obtido através da gema de ovo (grupo experimental), por 50 dias. Resultados: o grupo tratado com ração padrão da marca Purina® adicionada de 0,5% p/p de colesterolapresentou aumento significativo dos níveis séricos de colesterol total (118,6± 4,74 vs. 84,2±5,0 mg/dL, p<0,01 ), LDL-C (54,4± 7,9 vs. 23,6 ±7,0 mg/dL, p<0,01), VLDL-C (45,9±1,2 vs. 29,0± 5,8 mg/dL, p<0,01) e triglicérides (229,3±6,0 vs 145,0± 28,9 mg/dL, p<0,01) e redução significativa do HDL-C (18,3±4,8  vs. 31,7±5,6 mg/dL, p<0,01), quando comparado ao grupo controle. Conclusão: A utilização da ração padrão da marca Purina® adicionada de 0,5% p/p de colesterol mostrou-se eficaz em produzir alterações significativas nos níveis séricos de colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, VLDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol e triglicérides, demonstrando que este modelo experimental de baixo custo constitui uma ferramenta útil para produzir dislipidemia em ratos. Palavras-Chave: Dislipidemia, modelo experimental, ratos. ABSTRACTObjective: Development of a new experimental low-cost method for induction of dislipidemia in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were used, allocated in two groups (n = 10). Group 1 (control) received a standard diet for rats Purina® mark (with a standard concentration of cholesterol) and group 2 received the same chow and 0.5% p/p cholesterol obtained through yolk (Group experimental) for 50 days. Results: The group treated with the standard ration Purina® branded and 0.5% p/p cholesterol showed a significant increase in serum total cholesterol (118,6± 4,74 vs. 84,2±5,0 mg/dL, p<0,01 ), LDL-C (54,4± 7,9 vs. 23,6 ±7,0mg/dL, p<0,01), VLDL-C (45,9±1,2 vs. 29,0± 5,8 mg/dL, p<0,01) and triglycerides (229,3±6,0 vs 145,0± 28,9 mg/dL, p<0,01) and significant reduction of HDL-C (18,3±4,8  vs. 31,7±5,6 mg/dL, p<0,01) when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The use of standard ration Purina® branded and added to 0.5% p/p cholesterol was effective in producing significant changes in serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, demonstrating that this experimental model makes a useful low cost tool to produce dyslipidemia in rats. Keywords: Dyslipidemia, experimental model, rats

scholarly journals IMPACT OF AGING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROIMMUNE DEFICIENCIES AFTER EXPERIMENTAL MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
N B Serebryanaya ◽  
S N Shanin ◽  
T A Filatenkova ◽  
E E Fomicheva
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Drop

Patient’s age affects the course of posttraumatic inflammation and recovery after TBI. The goal of the research was to identify the differences in neuroimmune deficiencies in young and old animals after experimental TBI. The research was carried out using male Wistar rats aged 3 and 18 months. Mild TBI was caused by weight drop TBI model. A group of animals was injected abdominally with 30 mkg/kg recombinant human interleukin-2 (Ronkoleukin, Biotech) daily for three days, starting 72 hours after TBI. The control group consisted of intact animals and rats who did not receive rIL-2 prior to TBI (n = 5 for both groups). The results obtained have shown that old animals after mild TBI had different testosterone and proliferative activity levels than the young ones; the injection of rIL-2 led to an increase in neurotrophic factors (testosterone and BDNF) without causing additional activation of lymphocytes.

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