Role of human cytomegalovirus genotype polymorphisms in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens-Uwe Vogel ◽  
Jürgen Otte ◽  
Frank Koch ◽  
Hermann Gümbel ◽  
Hans Wilhelm Doerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ◽  
Aids Patients

Mechanisms of AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 545-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Carter ◽  
Christine I Alston ◽  
Jay Oh ◽  
Lauren-Ashley Duncan ◽  
Judee Grace Esquibel Nemeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ◽  
Murine Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Clinical Burden ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapies ◽  
Murine Aids

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) generates a significant clinical burden worldwide, particularly among the immune compromised. In approximately 30% of untreated HIV/AIDS patients without access or sufficient response to antiretroviral therapies, for example, HCMV causes a sight-threatening retinitis. To study the mechanisms of AIDS-related HCMV retinitis, our lab has for many years used a mouse model in which a mixture of mouse retroviruses induces murine AIDS after approximately 10 weeks, rendering otherwise resistant mice susceptible to opportunistic pathogens. This immunodeficiency combined with subretinal inoculation of murine cytomegalovirus yields a reproducible model of the human disease, facilitating the discovery of many clinically relevant virologic and immunologic mechanisms of retinal destruction which we summarize in this review.

Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus Retinitis and Monitoring of Ganciclovir Treatment Using Conjunctival Swab with Polymerase Chain Reaction in AIDS Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
S H Chiou ◽  
J H Liu ◽  
W W Wong ◽  
Y J Chan ◽  
Y C Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Conjunctival Swab ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

This report studies the accuracy of conjunctival swab polymerase chain reaction (CS-PCR) for the diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus retinitis (HCMV) in AIDS patients. PCR and virus culture were used for the detection of HCMV in conjunctival swab, serum, and urine specimens from 38 AIDS patients between April 1996 and April 1998. The clinical utility of the identification of HCMV retinitis by these 6 different methods was demonstrated by their prediction power to estimate AIDS patients at risk of contracting HCMV retinitis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CS-PCR for the detection of HCMV retinitis were 91.5%, 80.9%, 60.8%, and 92.7%, respectively; for serum PCR were 74.3%, 81.7%, 57.2%, and 90.3%; for urine PCR were 100%, 17.3%, 20.4%, and 100%; for conjunctival swab culture were 22.7%, 100%, 100%, and 86%; for serum culture were 27.3%, 98.1%, 75%, and 86.4%; and for urine culture were 90.9%, 44.2%, 25.6%, and 95.8%.

scholarly journals Role of Envelope Glycoprotein Complexes in Cell-Associated Spread of Human Cytomegalovirus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Nina Weiler ◽  
Caroline Paal ◽  
Kerstin Adams ◽  
Christopher Calcaterra ◽  
Dina Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Envelope Glycoprotein ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Accessory Proteins ◽  
Viral Growth ◽  
Cell Association ◽  
Quantitative Immunoblotting ◽  
Model Virus

The role of viral envelope glycoproteins, particularly the accessory proteins of trimeric and pentameric gH/gL-complexes, in cell-associated spread of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is unclear. We aimed to investigate their contribution in the context of HCMV variants that grow in a strictly cell-associated manner. In the genome of Merlin pAL1502, the glycoproteins gB, gH, gL, gM, and gN were deleted by introducing stop codons, and the mutants were analyzed for viral growth. Merlin and recent HCMV isolates were compared by quantitative immunoblotting for expression of accessory proteins of the trimeric and pentameric gH/gL-complexes, gO and pUL128. Isolates were treated with siRNAs against gO and pUL128 and analyzed regarding focal growth and release of infectious virus. All five tested glycoproteins were essential for growth of Merlin pAL1502. Compared with this model virus, higher gO levels were measured in recent isolates of HCMV, and its knockdown decreased viral growth. Knockdown of pUL128 abrogated the strict cell-association and led to release of infectivity, which allowed cell-free transfer to epithelial cells where the virus grew again strictly cell-associated. We conclude that both trimer and pentamer contribute to cell-associated spread of recent clinical HCMV isolates and downregulation of pentamer can release infectious virus into the supernatant.

Potential role of human cytomegalovirus and p53 interaction in coronary restenosis

Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 265 (5170) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Speir ◽  
R Modali ◽  
E. Huang ◽  
M. Leon ◽  
F Shawl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Coronary Restenosis

The role of intraocular f luid polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of cytomegalovirus retinitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 380-383
Author(s):  
B.S. Pershin ◽  
◽  
A.A. Maschan ◽  
V.Y. Makhmutov ◽  
M.A. Ilushina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Key Words Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Intraocular Fluid

Purpose. To study the possibilities of a new method of CMRR treatment in the prevention of irreversible blindness. Material and methods. 74 patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis, frolicking after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The first group (9 people, 15 eyes) consisted of children, whose treatment was carried out under ophthalmoscopic control. The second group (65 people, 114 eyes) consisted of children in whom the control of the effectiveness of treatment was carried out using PCR of aqueous humor in real time. Results. In the first group, retinal detachment was diagnosed in three out of fifteen eyes, accounting for 20%. In the second group, the incidence of retinal detachment was 3.5% of 114 eyes. Among patients receiving treatment under ophthalmoscopic control, CMRR relapses were detected in 5 cases, which amounted to 33.3%. In children, whose treatment was controlled by intraocular fluid PCR, relapses were diagnosed in 22 cases, which amounted to 19.29%. Conclusions. Intravitreal administration of antiviral drugs under the control of polymerase chain reaction is a more effective method of treating cytomegalovirus retinitis than intravitreal administration under ophthalmoscopic control. Key words: cytomegalovirus retinitis, intraocular fluid polymerase chain reaction.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Human Preterm Colostrum Inhibit Infection by Human Cytomegalovirus In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Manuela Donalisio ◽  
Simona Cirrincione ◽  
Massimo Rittà ◽  
Cristina Lamberti ◽  
Andrea Civra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Hcmv Infection ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Human Colostrum ◽  
Clinical Illness

Breast milk is a complex biofluid that nourishes infants, supports their growth and protects them from diseases. However, at the same time, breastfeeding is a transmission route for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), with preterm infants being at a great risk of congenital disease. The discrepancy between high HCMV transmission rates and the few reported cases of infants with severe clinical illness is likely due to the protective effect of breast milk. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-HCMV activity of human preterm colostrum and clarify the role of colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Preterm colostrum samples were collected and the EVs were purified and characterized. The in vitro anti-HCMV activity of both colostrum and EVs was tested against HCMV, and the viral replication step inhibited by colostrum-purified EVs was examined. We investigated the putative role EV surface proteins play in impairing HCMV infection using shaving experiments and proteomic analysis. The obtained results confirmed the antiviral action of colostrum against HCMV and demonstrated a remarkable antiviral activity of colostrum-derived EVs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that EVs impair the attachment of HCMV to cells, with EV surface proteins playing a role in mediating this action. These findings contribute to clarifying the mechanisms that underlie the protective role of human colostrum against HCMV infection.

scholarly journals Routine Immediate Eye Examination at the Point of Care for Diagnosis of AIDS-Related Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Among Patients With a CD4 Count <100 in Myanmar

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Win Le Shwe Sin Ei ◽  
Kyi Pyar Soe ◽  
Adelene Hilbig ◽  
Jillian Murray ◽  
David Heiden
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract A retrospective review of diagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) before and after introduction of routine immediate eye examination among AIDS patients in Myanmar with an absolute CD4 T-cell count &lt;100 cells/μL demonstrated an increased detection of CMVR from 1.1% (14/1233) to 10.7% (65/608), an improvement of ~10-fold. Diagnosis of CMVR was achieved a mean of 2 days after clinic enrollment.

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