Surveillance of Plasmodium malariae infection among inhabitants of rural areas in Ouidah–Kpomasse–Tori Bossito health district, Benin

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romuald Agonhossou ◽  
Romaric Akoton ◽  
Yannelle A. Dossou ◽  
Euripide Avokpaho ◽  
Dollon N. J. Mbama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Health District

scholarly journals Relationship between high rates of intestinal parasitic infections and knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Ndelele Health District populations (East Region, Cameroon): a cross-sectional mixed approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Ongbassomben ◽  
Cyrille Ndo ◽  
Ericka A. Lebon ◽  
Hugues C. Nana Djeunga ◽  
Albert L. Same Ekobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health District ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
East Region ◽  
Hard To Reach Populations

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal parasitic infections remain of public health concern worldwide, especially among rural and poorest populations as a consequence of precariousness, lack of sanitation, non-availability of potable water and poor hygiene conditions. The present study aimed to better understand the epidemiology of intestinal parasitic infections in rural areas of forested Cameroon.MethodologyA cross-sectional survey was conducted in three Health Areas (Ndelele, Kentzou and Lolo) of the Ndelele Health District (East Region, Cameroon). Information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding intestinal parasitic infections were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and analyzed by the Kato-Katz and formalin-ether concentration techniques to complement simple direct examination.Principal FindingsA total of 406 individuals belonging to three main groups (Kako or Bantu, Baka or Pygmies and Central African Republic refugees) were enrolled in the study. The overall intestinal parasitic infection rate was 74.9%, including 57.2% cases of polyparasitism. Fourteen parasite species were identified, 89.1% being intestinal protozoa and 41.8% belonging to helminths. Infections with helminths were associated with Baka (P < 0.0001). Spring water consumption was associated with hookworm infection (OR = 3.87; P = 0.008). Garbage deposited near houses was positively associated with infection with Giardia lamblia (OR = 3.41; P = 0.003). Polyparasitism was positively linked to washing hand without soap before meal (OR= 11.64; p= 0.002).Conclusion/SignificanceIntestinal parasitic infections exhibited high rates in the Ndelele Health District, especially among indigenous and hard-to-reach populations (Pygmies). Hygiene measures appear as the main drivers sustaining transmission, and targeted strategies should be developed to efficiently fight against these debilitating diseases.Author summaryIntestinal parasitic infections such as soil transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis, remain a public health concern in Cameroon. To better understand the epidemiology of these infections in hard-to-reach populations in rural areas, a cross-sectional study was carried out in three health areas of Ndelele health District in the Eastern-Cameroon. The rate of intestinal parasitic infections was high (74.9%) especially in indigenous populations (Baka-Pygmies) which exhibited high prevalence of soil transmitted helminth infections (83.3%). The study confirmed that the lack of sanitation and poor hygiene largely contribute to the endemicity of intestinal parasitic infections, particularly among indigenous populations. Targeted control strategies seem mandatory to reach these populations and offer them appropriate care to interrupt or reduce the transmission of these diseases.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Maternal Anaemia in Rural Burkina Faso: Contribution of Nutritional Factors and Infectious Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nicolas Meda ◽  
Malik Coulibaly ◽  
Yacouba Nebie ◽  
Ibrahima Diallo ◽  
Yves Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health District ◽  
Maternal Anaemia

Background. Maternal anaemia is a worldwide public health problem affecting particularly developing countries. In Burkina Faso, little data is available for rural areas. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of maternal anaemia and the risk factors associated with it in the rural health district of Hounde in Burkina Faso but also to define better control measures of maternal anaemia.Methods. This cross-sectional study conducted in 2010 had a sample of 3,140 pregnant women attending antenatal care in all the 18 primary health care facilities of the district. The women’s characteristics and their knowledge about contraceptives and sexually transmitted infections (STI) were collected. Also, physical and gynaecological examination, completed by vaginal, cervix, blood, and stool samplings, were collected.Results. A prevalence of 63.1% was recorded for maternal anaemia. Geophagy rate was 16.3% and vitamin A deficiency 69.3%. In addition, anaemia was independently associated with low education, low brachial perimeter, geophagy, and primigravida. But no statically significant relationship was found between maternal anaemia and infectious diseases or vitamin A deficiency.Conclusion. The magnitude of maternal anaemia was found to be higher in rural Hounde health district and should be addressed by adequate policy including education and the fight against malnutrition.

scholarly journals Study of HIV Prevalence and Behaviors in Rural Areas of Goudomp Health District (Senegal)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Niang Khadim ◽  
Anne Malick ◽  
Sarr Assane ◽  
Thiam Ousmane ◽  
Ndiaye Papa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Health District ◽  
And Behaviors

scholarly journals Women’s Knowledge of Health Promotion in the Prevention of Breast and Cervical Cancer in Oshakati Health District, Namibia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Saara Suoma Iita ◽  
Agnes Van Dyk ◽  
Wilma Wilkinson ◽  
Olivia N Tuhadeleni
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Health District ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Breast And Cervical Cancer ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Study Population

PURPOSE: The study aimed to explore and describe the knowledge of women regarding health promotion in the prevention of breast and cervical cancer. This study was carried out in the Oshakati district at the Intermediate Hospital Oshakati. METHODOLOGY: A quantitative approach was used for this study. This approach was chosen in order to provide a comprehensive picture and understanding of the women&rsquo;s knowledge or awareness of health promotion in the prevention of breast and cervical cancer. The study population consisted of all women of child-bearing age, aged 15 to 49, in the Oshakati health district, that is, 41,985. The research sample was identified as 10% of the study population, thus numbering 419 respondents. The researcher personally distributed 419 questionnaires to every second woman of child-bearing age admitted to the Intermediate Hospital Oshakati. RESULTS: The findings indicate that awareness of information relating to breast and cervical cancer exists in Oshakati Health District. However, overall knowledge on the causes of breast and cervical cancer, risk factors for breast cancer and warning signs of cervical cancer was very poor. The findings also revealed that while many respondents were informed about breast self-examination (BSE) and had practised it, very few respondents acknowledged clinical breast examination (CBE) attendance once a year, or the use of mammography and sonar attendance as additional screening methods. RECOMMENDATIONS &amp; CONCLUSION: Based on the findings the study recommends that women should share information with their peers; in addition, radio should be used to disseminate such information as it is the most reliable source of information in the rural areas. Information, education and communication materials on the prevention of breast and cervical cancer should be developed and disseminated to the public. Women should be encouraged to develop a reading culture in order to increase their knowledge.

Role of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles coluzzii (Diptera: Culicidae) in Human Malaria Transmission in Rural Areas of Bouaké, in Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1254-1261
Author(s):  
Dounin D Zoh ◽  
Ahoua Yapi ◽  
Maurice A Adja ◽  
Négnorogo Guindo-Coulibaly ◽  
Didier M S Kpan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Abstract Studies done in Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire) about 20-yr ago reported that Anopheles gambiae s.l. Giles was the major malaria vector. The present study aimed to update these data and to identify the main vectors. Mosquitoes were collected in Allokokro and Petessou villages between June 2014 and December 2015 using the human landing catching method. Potential breeding sites of An. gambiae s.l. were identified in August and October 2014 and mapped using GPS. Anopheles species were morphologically and molecularly [polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] identified. Ovaries of female were dissected to determine the parity and infection with Plasmodium was detected in head and thorax by quantitative PCR. In Allokokro, the biting rate of An. gambiae s.s was significantly greater than Anopheles coluzzii, whereas, in Petessou, biting rates of both species were comparable. Plasmodium falciparum (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae), Plasmodium malariae (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae), and Plasmodium ovale (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae) identified in both villages. The infection rates of An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii were not significantly different. The entomological inoculation rate (EIR) of An. gambiae s.s. for P. falciparum was 9-fold greater than that of An. coluzzii in Allokokro; however, in Petessou, the EIRs of both species were comparable. In both village, An. gambiae s.s was responsible for P. falciparum and P. ovale transmission whereas An. coluzzii transmitted all three Plasmodium species.

scholarly journals Malaria Prevalence in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Children Living in Rural, Semi-Urban and Urban Areas in Eastern Gabon.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lady Charlène Kouna ◽  
Sandrine Lydie OYEGUE LIABAGUI ◽  
Dominique Fatima VOUMBO-Matoumona ◽  
Jean Bernard LEKANA-DOUKI
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plasmodial Infection

Abstract Background Malaria remains a major public health issue in the world despite a decline in the disease burden. However, though symptomatic malaria is diagnosed and treated, asymptomatic infections remain poorly known and support transmission. This study assessed the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic plasmodial infections in three areas in Gabon to monitor and evaluate the impact of malaria. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF). Febrile children and without fever, aged 6 months to 15 years from three localities (Franceville, Makokou, Lastoursville) in south-eastern Gabon were included in this study. The Plasmodium Spp infection was determined by microscopy and/or rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) followed by PCR according to the Snounou method. The data were recorded in Excel, and the statistical analyzes were performed using the software R version R 64x 3.5.0. Results Two thousand three hundred and eighty-one (2381) children were screened and included in this analysis. The mean age was significantly higher in asymptomatic children compared to symptomatic children. Hematological parameters varied significantly according to regions and clinical signs. The overall prevalence of Plasmodium infection was 40% (952/2381). In the urban area (Franceville) the prevalence of plasmodial infection was not significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic children. In contrast, a high prevalence of symptomatic plasmodial infection was found in infected children in rural and semi-rural areas. Among the three plasmodial species (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale) identified, Plasmodium falciparum was the most widespread, and its prevalence was not significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic children in the three localities. In rural and semi-rural areas, a higher or lower prevalence of Plasmodium malariae was demonstrated in asymptomatic children. Conclusion This study showed that the prevalence of plasmodial infection varied according to the regions and clinical signs. The main species was Plasmodium falciparum, but in asymptomatic children the prevalence of Plasmodium malariae was high in rural areas. To help fight malaria more effectively asymptomatic infections should be taken into account and treated.

scholarly journals Factors Associated to the Non-adherence to Vaccination Appointments in the Ngambe Health District, Littoral Region, Cameroon: A Case Control Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rene Nkenyi ◽  
Daniel Telep ◽  
Lucy Ndip ◽  
Dickson Nsagha
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Health District ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Control Study

Background: Vaccination is what is strongly recommended in protecting against childhood diseases. The Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) in Cameroon started in 1976 as a pilot project and became operational all over the country in 1982 where vaccination is seen a fundamental right of every child in the country. However, rural areas have lots of constrains to the effective implementation of vaccination programs some of which are population-related. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the association between some factors and adherence to vaccination appointments in Ngambe Health District; a typical rural health district in Cameroon. Methods: This was a case control study where the vaccination records of health facilities in the district were reviewed and parents who respected their vaccination appointments formed the controls while those who missed a vaccination appointment were the cases. They were then traced for interviewed and data analyzed using Epi infos version 3.5.4. Results: Out of 94 parents, 37.2% had missed a vaccination appointment. In parents older than 36, the odds of missing an appointment was 11 (95%CI 3.69-34.43) while those with <4 children were 0.10 less likely to miss an appointment (95%CI 0.04-0.28). Parent’s education, household size and ANC attendance also influenced adherence to vaccination appointments. After adjustment, only age and whether or not child was born in the hospital remained statistically significant associated with adherence. Conclusion: User related factors influence uptake of vaccination services in the Ngambe Health District of Cameroon; a rural area, some of which are age of the parents, number of children the parent has and the total household size. Therefore, adding to the availability of vaccines, a high-level political commitment aimed at increasing utilization of health services and effectively taking vaccination to the population are indispensable.

scholarly journals Mind Over Matter: Confronting Challenges in Post-Mortem Brain Biobanking for Glioblastoma Multiforme

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 117727192110133
Author(s):  
Cassandra Griffin ◽  
Ricardo Vilain ◽  
Simon King ◽  
Sandy Nixon ◽  
Alisha Gooley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Health District ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Long Distance

Over the past 10 years, there has been limited progress for the treatment of brain cancer and outcomes for patients are not much improved. For brain cancer researchers, a major obstacle to biomarker driven research is limited access to brain cancer tissue for research purposes. The Mark Hughes Foundation Brain Biobank is one of the first post-mortem adult brain banks in Australia to operate with protocols specifically developed for brain cancer. Located within the Hunter New England Local Health District and operated by Hunter Cancer Biobank, the boundaries of service provided by the Brain Bank extend well into the surrounding regional and rural areas of the Local Health District and beyond. Brain cancer biobanking is challenging. There are conflicting international guidelines for best practice and unanswered questions relating to scientific, psychosocial and operational practices. To address this challenge, a best practice model was developed, informed by a consensus of existing data but with consideration of the difficulties associated with operating in regional or resource poor settings. The regional application of this model was challenged following the presentation of a donor located in a remote area, 380km away from the biobank. This required biobank staff to overcome numerous obstacles including long distance patient transport, lack of palliative care staff, death in the home and limited rural outreach services. Through the establishment of shared goals, contingency planning and the development of an informal infrastructure, the donation was facilitated within the required timeframe. This experience demonstrates the importance of collaboration and networking to overcome resource insufficiency and geographical challenges in rural cancer research programmes.

Training Aides to Screen Children for Speech and Language Problems

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisue Pickering ◽  
William R. Dopheide
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Large Scale Screening

This report deals with an effort to begin the process of effectively identifying children in rural areas with speech and language problems using existing school personnel. A two-day competency-based workshop for the purpose of training aides to conduct a large-scale screening of speech and language problems in elementary-school-age children is described. Training strategies, implementation, and evaluation procedures are discussed.

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