scholarly journals Olfactory systems across mosquito species

2021 ◽  
Vol 383 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Matthew Wheelwright ◽  
Catherine R. Whittle ◽  
Olena Riabinina
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The World ◽  
Mosquito Ecology ◽  
Olfactory Systems ◽  
Olfactory Anatomy ◽  
And Function ◽  
Neuroscience Community

AbstractThere are 3559 species of mosquitoes in the world (Harbach 2018) but, so far, only a handful of them have been a focus of olfactory neuroscience and neurobiology research. Here we discuss mosquito olfactory anatomy and function and connect these to mosquito ecology. We highlight the least well-known and thus most interesting aspects of mosquito olfactory systems and discuss promising future directions. We hope this review will encourage the insect neuroscience community to work more broadly across mosquito species instead of focusing narrowly on the main disease vectors.

Future Directions in International Science Education

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
International Dimension ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Science And Engineering Education

The international dimension of science and engineering education is of paramount importance and merits serious consideration of the coherent skill set that is required to allow scientists and engineers more readily to transport themselves and their work to other locations in the world. 

scholarly journals Wellbeing Literacy: A Capability Model for Wellbeing Science and Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay G. Oades ◽  
Aaron Jarden ◽  
Hanchao Hou ◽  
Corina Ozturk ◽  
Paige Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
New Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Literacy Research

Wellbeing science is the scientific investigation of wellbeing, its’ antecedents and consequences. Alongside growth of wellbeing science is significant interest in wellbeing interventions at individual, organizational and population levels, including measurement of national accounts of wellbeing. In this concept paper, we propose the capability model of wellbeing literacy as a new model for wellbeing science and practice. Wellbeing literacy is defined as a capability to comprehend and compose wellbeing language, across contexts, with the intention of using such language to maintain or improve the wellbeing of oneself, others or the world. Wellbeing literacy is underpinned by a capability model (i.e., what someone is able to be and do), and is based on constructivist (i.e., language shapes reality) and contextualist (i.e., words have different meanings in different contexts) epistemologies. The proposed capability model of wellbeing literacy adds to wellbeing science by providing a tangible way to assess mechanisms learned from wellbeing interventions. Moreover, it provides a framework for practitioners to understand and plan wellbeing communications. Workplaces and families as examples are discussed as relevant contexts for application of wellbeing literacy, and future directions for wellbeing literacy research are outlined.

scholarly journals Future trajectories of festival research

2021 ◽  
pp. 146879762199293
Author(s):  
Michelle Duffy ◽  
Judith Mair
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Departure Point ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Sense Of Purpose ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The World

In their editorial for the first issue of Tourist Studies, Adrian Franklin and Mike Crang made us aware that tourism research had shifted to an exploration of the extraordinary everyday where ‘more or less everyone now lives in a world rendered or reconfigured as interesting, entertaining and attractive – for tourists’. From our standpoint 20 years later, we suggest this particular departure point has important insights to offer our understanding of a quintessential tourism event, that of the festival, which now intervenes in daily life in all manner of ways. In this commentary, we present a reflective commentary on recent scholarship that advocates for more rigour in festival studies, with greater theory development and testing within the festival context, and how this work is suggestive of future directions for festival research. We present several areas that are ripe for further research, particularly given the tumultuous nature of the world we are living in, such as the challenges of climate change and how we might socialise in a post-Covid world. Much has changed in the 20 years since the inception of Tourist Studies, but festivals remain resilient – they will re-emerge in future, perhaps not unscathed but with a renewed sense of purpose.

scholarly journals Anopheles ecology, genetics and malaria transmission in northern Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Vantaux ◽  
Michelle M. Riehle ◽  
Eakpor Piv ◽  
Elise J. Farley ◽  
Sophy Chy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Residual Malaria Transmission ◽  
Mosquito Ecology ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Greater Mekong Subregion

AbstractIn the Greater Mekong Subregion, malaria cases have significantly decreased but little is known about the vectors or mechanisms responsible for residual malaria transmission. We analysed a total of 3920 Anopheles mosquitoes collected during the rainy and dry seasons from four ecological settings in Cambodia (villages, forested areas near villages, rubber tree plantations and forest sites). Using odor-baited traps, 81% of the total samples across all sites were collected in cow baited traps, although 67% of the samples attracted by human baited traps were collected in forest sites. Overall, 20% of collected Anopheles were active during the day, with increased day biting during the dry season. 3131 samples were identified morphologically as 14 different species, and a subset was also identified by DNA amplicon sequencing allowing determination of 29 Anopheles species. The investigation of well characterized insecticide mutations (ace-1, kdr, and rdl genes) indicated that individuals carried mutations associated with response to all the different classes of insecticides. There also appeared to be a non-random association between mosquito species and insecticide resistance with Anopheles peditaeniatus exhibiting nearly fixed mutations. Molecular screening for Plasmodium sp. presence indicated that 3.6% of collected Anopheles were positive, most for P. vivax followed by P. falciparum. These results highlight some of the key mechanisms driving residual human malaria transmission in Cambodia, and illustrate the importance of diverse collection methods, sites and seasons to avoid bias and better characterize Anopheles mosquito ecology in Southeast Asia.

On the clinical significance of HDL cholesterol at the present stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
V. N. Oslopov ◽  
◽  
Yu. V. Oslopova ◽  
E. V. Khazova ◽  
E. R. Girfanutdinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

The leading death cause in the world is diseases of the cardiovascular system, with CHD as the leader in the structure of cardiovascular diseases. The cause of this disease is atherosclerosis. One of the possible causes of atherosclerosis is an increase in LDL-C and a decrease in HDL-C in the blood. Many epidemiological studies have reliably shown that HDL cholesterol reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Data from recent studies cast doubt on this data. The review briefly describes the current understanding of the effect of HDL-C high levels on morbidity and mortality, lists the new approaches to assessing the role and function of these particles, presents the results of clinical studies of drugs that affect their concentration in blood plasma and the probable causes leading to an increase of the HDL-Cin content in the blood.

Technology at Home: Implications for Children with Disabilities

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Bouck ◽  
Cynthia M. Okolo ◽  
Carrie Anna Courtad
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Home Environments ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
And Function ◽  
At Home

Given the prominence technology holds in today's schools and society, it seems crucial to explore its use and function in home environments for students with disabilities, particularly when considering everyday technology such as “smart” toys, computers, and communication devices. Unfortunately, little research or literature has been devoted to this issue. This paper reviews the literature on smart toys for children in general, and extrapolates what we have learned from smart toys and computer use in the home to children with disabilities. It suggests future directions for research, and proposes that the field of technology in the home for children with disabilities is wide open and clearly in need of study.

Profiling Religious Fundamentalism’s Associations With Vocational Interests

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Warlick ◽  
Paul B. Ingram ◽  
Karen D. Multon ◽  
M. Alexandra Vuyk
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Career Interests ◽  
Vocational Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Religion is a shaping force in the world today, increasingly expressed and integral to the flow and function of the workplace. The relationship between religious identity and work function is clearly present. However, no lines of research have explored how religion explains the variations in vocational interest, despite speculation that it does so. Fundamentalist beliefs provide an opportunity to examine how career interests are related to personal values. This study examined the relationship between fundamentalism and the Artistic and Investigative Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional types, types speculated to be most dissimilar to fundamentalism, by testing the incremental importance of religious fundamentalism beyond personality traits in the shaping of vocational interests. Results suggest that, even after controlling for variation attributed to personality, religious fundamentalism is negatively related to Artistic interests yet has no relationship to Investigative interests. Issues of diversity and implications for career counselors are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Adult Mosquitoes From Eight Locations in Hainan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Kang ◽  
Yanhong Wang ◽  
Siping Li ◽  
Xiaomei Sun ◽  
Xiangyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Quality Filtering ◽  
And Function

The midgut microbial community composition, structure, and function of field-collected mosquitoes may provide a way to exploit microbial function for mosquito-borne disease control. However, it is unclear how adult mosquitoes acquire their microbiome, how the microbiome affects life history traits and how the microbiome influences community structure. We analyzed the composition of 501 midgut bacterial communities from field-collected adult female mosquitoes, including Aedes albopictus, Aedes galloisi, Culex pallidothorax, Culex pipiens, Culex gelidus, and Armigeres subalbatus, across eight habitats using the HiSeq 4000 system and the V3−V4 hyper-variable region of 16S rRNA gene. After quality filtering and rarefaction, a total of 1421 operational taxonomic units, belonging to 29 phyla, 44 families, and 43 genera were identified. Proteobacteria (75.67%) were the most common phylum, followed by Firmicutes (10.38%), Bacteroidetes (6.87%), Thermi (4.60%), and Actinobacteria (1.58%). The genera Rickettsiaceae (33.00%), Enterobacteriaceae (20.27%), Enterococcaceae (7.49%), Aeromonadaceae (7.00%), Thermaceae (4.52%), and Moraxellaceae (4.31%) were dominant in the samples analyzed and accounted for 76.59% of the total genera. We characterized the midgut bacterial communities of six mosquito species in Hainan province, China. The gut bacterial communities were different in composition and abundance, among locations, for all mosquito species. There were significant differences in the gut microbial composition between some species and substantial variation in the gut microbiota between individuals of the same mosquito species. There was a marked variation in different mosquito gut microbiota within the same location. These results might be useful in the identification of microbial communities that could be exploited for disease control.

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