scholarly journals Do fungal associates of co-occurring orchids promote seed germination of the widespread orchid species Gymnadenia conopsea?

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Gao ◽  
Zeyu Zhao ◽  
Jiayao Li ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Hans Jacquemyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Gymnadenia Conopsea ◽  
Fungal Associates

scholarly journals Establishment of an EfficientIn VitroRegeneration Protocol for Rapid and Mass Propagation ofDendrobium chrysotoxumLindl. Using Seed Culture

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Potshangbam Nongdam ◽  
Leimapokpam Tikendra
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Seed Culture ◽  
Leaf Formation

An efficientin vitroregeneration protocol from seed culture has been established successfully forDendrobium chrysotoxum, an epiphytic orchid having tremendous ornamental and medicinal values. Seed germination response was encouraging in Mitra (M) medium enriched with different combinations of auxins and cytokinins. Medium supplemented with 0.4% activated charcoal (AC), 2 mg/L 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP), and 2 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) produced best seed germination percentage in 2 weeks of culture. Incorporation of higher concentration of kinetin (KN) or BAP in combination with low auxin in medium induced pronounced shooting and leaf formation. Reduction in leaf development was evident when cytokinins exist singly in medium indicating synergistic effect of auxin and cytokinin in leaf induction. Presence of elevated level of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with low cytokinin content in medium generated morein vitrorooting, though IBA was found to be more effective in rooting induction as compared to NAA. Thein vitroprotocol for asymbiotic seed germination developed from the present investigation can be used for rapid mass propagation of this highly importantDendrobiumorchid species.

scholarly journals A Review on Asymbiotic Seed Germination in Orchids through Plant Tissue Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnima Paramanik ◽  
◽  
Dipak Kar ◽  
Subrata Raha ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association ◽  
Commercially Important

Orchid seeds are very small, dust like in appearance, fusiform in shape, lacking endosperm and have undifferentiated embryo covered by transparent seed coat. Mycorrhizal association is required for seed germination of naturally growing orchids. In this symbiotic association, orchid species are dependent on mycorrhizal association for supply of mineral nutrients. In in-vitro condition, such demand of minerals may be compensated by external supply of sugar and mineral nutrients that are required for seed germination of orchid. Several orchids are responded by this asymbiotic seed culture and have commercial importance. Therefore, formulation of efficient in-vitro protocol is important for commercially important orchid species as well as endangered orchid species for conservation. This review paper is focused on various aspects of asymbiotic seed germination of orchids and the role of organic additives in successful seed germination.

scholarly journals ASYMBIOTIC GERMINATION OF CYPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS VAR. PARVIFLORUM (ORCHIDACEAE) IN VITRO.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 618d-618
Author(s):  
Chin-Chang Chu ◽  
Kenneth W. Mudge
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Mature Seed ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Cypripedium Calceolus ◽  
Chilling Treatment

Seeds from mature seed pods of Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum were germinated on 1/4 MSMO (Sigma) + 100ml/l coconut water + 1% sucrose +/- 8g/l agar (pH 6.0), and with or without prechilling at 5C for 8 weeks. Protocorm with apex (stage 3) was use as an index of germination. Seeds sown on agar medium withou chilling treatment resulted in a 40% germination rate in 120 days but the germination was very uneven. Seeds germinated on agar medium with prechilling developed more synchronously with 92% germination in 60 days (ie. about 120 days after sowing). Suspension culture of seeds without prechilling resulted in 85% germination after 90 days. The synchronization of seed germination in suspension culture was intermediate between that on agar with and without prechilling. Protocorms germinated in suspension culture appeared morphologically identical to those germinated on agar medium. All stage 3 protocorms developed further on the same agar medium in darkness. Both agar and suspension culture in media containing coconut water provided reliable seed germination methods for this orchid species.

scholarly journals Understanding the distribution of three species of epiphytic orchids in temperate Australian rainforest by investigation of their host and fungal associates

Lankesteriana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli Gowland ◽  
Ulrike Mathesius ◽  
Mark Clements ◽  
Adrienne Nicotra
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Associates

Understanding the environmental constraints that affect species distributions are critical to the mainte- nance of biodiversity. The abundance of epiphytic organisms, those that grow on another substrate, such as a tree or rock, is a direct consequence of the avail- ability and distribution of these substrates (Ackerman et al. 1989). In the case of epiphytic orchids it is also due to the presence of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). For an orchid, crucial to its germination and establishment, is its association with an OMF. The OMF provides a carbon source to the developing orchid embryo (Rasmussen 1995). Although recipro- cal carbon transfer has been demonstrated in mature plants of a green, terrestrial, orchid species, Goodyera repens (Cameron et al. 2006), it is generally believed that OMF receive no immediate benefit from their association with orchids. Therefore, it would appear intuitive that orchids would associate with all OMF available within their local environment and that they would actively seek this association. 

scholarly journals In vitro seed germination in Cymbidium elegans Lindl. and Dendrobium densiflorum Lindl. ex Wall. (Orchidaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 100-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreeti Pradha ◽  
Bijaya Pant
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Protocorm Formation ◽  
Dendrobium Densiflorum

A comparative study of in vitro seed germination of two endangered orchid species, viz. Cymbidium elegans Lindl. and Dendrobium densiflorum Lindl. ex Wall., was carried out on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium, supplemented with different concentrations and combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and á-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The hormone-free MS medium and MS medium supplemented with various growth hormones were found effective for in vitro seed germination of both species. However, the seeds of these two species showed variation in their germination behavior. Hormone-free MS basal medium was found most effective for seed germination of D. densiflorum; whereas, basal medium supplemented with BAP (1mg/l) was effective for C. elegans. The seeds of D. densiflorum showed quick response in earlier germination, protocorm formation and further development into seedlings in comparison to C. elegans. In C. elegans, germination of immature seeds started after nine weeks of inoculation; whereas in D. densiflorum, the initiation of germination started after five weeks of culture. The variations in seed germination, protocorm formation and seedling differentiation in the two orchid species might be due to the differences in their genetic constitution and the presence of different endogenous growth stimulating substances present in their seeds. The present study has provided useful information for in vitro clonal mass multiplication of these commercially important orchid species. Key-words: growth hormone; in vitro study; orchid.DOI: 10.3126/botor.v6i0.2917 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 100-102

Fungi isolated from host protocorms accelerate symbiotic seed germination in an endangered orchid species (Dendrobium chrysotoxum) from southern China

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Cheng Shao ◽  
Qiu-Xia Wang ◽  
Kingly C. Beng ◽  
Da-Ke Zhao ◽  
Hans Jacquemyn
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Endangered Orchid ◽  
Symbiotic Seed Germination

scholarly journals Osmophores of the fragrant orchid Gymnadenia conopsea L. (Orchidaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Stpiczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
Large Nucleus ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Gymnadenia Conopsea ◽  
Granular Cytoplasm

Osmophores of <em>Gymnadenia conopsea</em> are located on the adaxial surface of labellum and on distal parts of two lateral sepals. Osmophore cells are characterised with a large nucleus, and dense, granular cytoplasm, which contains numerous membranes of ER and large lipid droplets. Plastids are probably involved in the synthesis of fragrant substances and, contrary to the most of investigated orchid species, they do not contain starch. Numerous secretory vesicles take part in the secretion. Secreted fragrant substance migrates across the cell wall and through the pores in the cuticle. It is not accumulated on the osmophore cell surface.

In-vitro seed germination ofCalanthe sieboldii, an endangered orchid species

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Young Park ◽  
Hosakatte N Murthy ◽  
Kee Yoeup Paek
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Endangered Orchid
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