scholarly journals Phytohormones and volatile organic compounds, like geosmin, in the ectomycorrhiza of Tricholoma vaccinum and Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Abdulsalam ◽  
Katharina Wagner ◽  
Sophia Wirth ◽  
Maritta Kunert ◽  
Anja David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hyphal Branching ◽  
Volatile Organic

AbstractThe ectomycorrhizospheric habitat contains a diverse pool of organisms, including the host plant, mycorrhizal fungi, and other rhizospheric microorganisms. Different signaling molecules may influence the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Here, we investigated the potential of the basidiomycete Tricholoma vaccinum to produce communication molecules for the interaction with its coniferous host, Norway spruce (Picea abies). We focused on the production of volatile organic compounds and phytohormones in axenic T. vaccinum cultures, identified the potential biosynthesis genes, and investigated their expression by RNA-Seq analyses. T. vaccinum released volatiles not usually associated with fungi, like limonene and β-barbatene, and geosmin. Using stable isotope labeling, the biosynthesis of geosmin was elucidated. The geosmin biosynthesis gene ges1 of T. vaccinum was identified, and up-regulation was scored during mycorrhiza, while a different regulation was seen with mycorrhizosphere bacteria. The fungus also released the volatile phytohormone ethylene and excreted salicylic and abscisic acid as well as jasmonates into the medium. The tree excreted the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, and its biosynthesis intermediate, indole-3-acetamide, as well as salicylic acid with its root exudates. These compounds could be shown for the first time in exudates as well as in soil of a natural ectomycorrhizospheric habitat. The effects of phytohormones present in the mycorrhizosphere on hyphal branching of T. vaccinum were assessed. Salicylic and abscisic acid changed hyphal branching in a concentration-dependent manner. Since extensive branching is important for mycorrhiza establishment, a well-balanced level of mycorrhizospheric phytohormones is necessary. The regulation thus can be expected to contribute to an interkingdom language.

Volatile organic compounds emissions in Norway spruce (Picea abies) in response to temperature changes

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Filella ◽  
Michael J Wilkinson ◽  
Joan Llusià ◽  
C. Nicholas Hewitt ◽  
Josep Peñuelas
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Response To Temperature

scholarly journals Stability and Selective Vapor Sensing of Structurally Colored Lepidopteran Wings Under Humid Conditions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3258
Author(s):  
Gábor Piszter ◽  
Krisztián Kertész ◽  
Zsolt Bálint ◽  
László Péter Biró
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Vapor Sensing ◽  
Volatile Organic

Biological photonic nanoarchitectures are capable of rapidly and chemically selectively sensing volatile organic compounds due to changing color when exposed to such vapors. Here, stability and the vapor sensing properties of butterfly and moth wings were investigated by optical spectroscopy in the presence of water vapor. It was shown that repeated 30 s vapor exposures over 50 min did not change the resulting optical response signal in a time-dependent manner, and after 5-min exposures the sensor preserved its initial properties. Time-dependent response signals were shown to be species-specific, and by using five test substances they were also shown to be substance-specific. The latter was also evaluated using principal component analysis, which showed that the time-dependent optical responses can be used for real-time analysis of the vapors. It was demonstrated that the capability to detect volatile organic compounds was preserved in the presence of water vapor: high-intensity color change signals with short response times were measured in 25% relative humidity, similar to the one-component case; therefore, our results can contribute to the development of biological photonic nanoarchitecture-based vapor detectors for real-world applications, like living and working environments.

scholarly journals From emissions to ambient mixing ratios: on-line seasonal field measurements of volatile organic compounds over a Norway spruce dominated forest in central Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 30187-30232 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bourtsoukidis ◽  
J. Williams ◽  
J. Kesselmeier ◽  
S. Jacobi ◽  
B. Bonn
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Temperature Dependency ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Central Germany ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) are substantial contributors to atmospheric chemistry and physics and demonstrate the close relationship between biosphere and atmosphere. Their emission rates are highly sensitive to meteorological and environmental changes with concomitant impacts on atmospheric chemistry. We have investigated seasonal isoprenoid and oxygenated VOC (oxVOC) fluxes from a Norway spruce (Picea abies) tree in Central Germany and explored the emission responses under various atmospheric conditions. Emission rates were quantified by using dynamic branch enclosure and Proton Transfer Reaction–Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) techniques. Additionally, ambient mixing ratios were derived through application of a new box model treatment on the dynamic chamber measurements. These are compared in terms of abundance and origin with the corresponding emissions. Isoprenoids govern the BVOC emissions from Norway spruce, with monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes accounting for 50.8 ± 7.2% and 19.8 ± 8.1% respectively of the total emissions. Normalizing the VOC emission rates, we have observed a trend of reduction of carbon containing emissions from April to November, with an enhancement of oxVOC. Highest emission rates were observed in June for all measured species, with the exception of sesquiterpenes that were emitted most strongly in April. We exploit the wide range of conditions experienced at the site to filter the dataset with a combination of temperature, ozone and absolute humidity values in order to derive the emission potential and temperature dependency development for the major chemical species investigated. A profound reduction of monoterpene emission potential (E30) and temperature dependency (β) was found under low temperature regimes, combined with low ozone levels (E30MT, LTLO3=56 ± 9.1 ng g(dw)−1 h−1, βMT,LTLO3=0.03±0.01 K−1) while a combination of both stresses was found to alter their emissions responses with respect to temperature substantially (E30MT,HTHO3=1420.1 ± 191.4 ng g(dw)−1 h−1, βMT,HTHO3=0.15 ± 0.02 K−1). Moreover, we have explored compound relationships under different atmospheric condition sets, addressing possible co-occurrence of emissions under specific conditions. Finally, we evaluate the temperature dependent algorithm that seems to describe the temperature dependent emissions. Highest emission deviations were observed for monoterpenes and these emission fluctuations were attributed to a fraction which is triggered by an additional light dependency.

scholarly journals Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Heartwood and Sapwood of Selected Coniferous Species

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Czajka ◽  
Beata Fabisiak ◽  
Ewa Fabisiak
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Voc Emission ◽  
Percentage Contribution ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Volatile Organic

The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from furnishings from solid wood and all kinds of wood derivative materials depends on many factors, of which the most important is the wood species. The intraspecies and interspecies differences in VOC emission result from the differences in the chemical composition and anatomical structure of heartwood and sapwood of different species. VOC composition analysis was performed separately for heartwood and sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees. The studies were conducted in a glass climatic chamber of 0.025 m3, equipped with a system for the monitoring and control of climatic conditions. Samples of air for analyses were collected after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of exposure. The results provided evidence for interspecies and intraspecies differences in the qualitative and quantitative compositions of VOC. The concentration of total VOC (TVOC) released from heartwood of Scots pine was higher than that released from sapwood. For European larch and Norway spruce, the opposite relations were observed. The VOC emission from Scots pine heartwood was about 17 times higher than the emission from European larch and Norway spruce heartwood. The differences in TVOC emitted from the sapwood of samples from different species were smaller. For each of the species, the highest percentage contribution to TVOC was made by terpenes. The second highest percentage contribution in TVOC was made by compounds containing a carbonyl group, mainly aldehydes, while aromatic compounds made the third highest contribution.

Gas chromatographic analysis of metabolites of trees damaged by exhalations

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1807-1817
Author(s):  
Vladimír Kusý ◽  
Jaroslav Kusý
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Betula Verrucosa ◽  
Picea Excelsa ◽  
Adsorption Concentration

The composition of volatile organic compounds expired by the plant was investigated in dependence on the environment. Using two-step adsorption-concentration, hydrocarbons were preseparated from oxygen-containing compounds present in metabolites. In addition to gaseous samples water excreted by the plant was also analysed for the content of volatile organic compounds. Using gas chromatography differences were found in the content of unsaturated hydrocarbons, aldehydes and other substances in the metabolites of sick and healthy trees. The greatest differences in the composition of metabolites in dependence on the environment were found in Norway spruce (Picea excelsa), and the lowest for birch (Betula verrucosa).

scholarly journals From emissions to ambient mixing ratios: online seasonal field measurements of volatile organic compounds over a Norway spruce-dominated forest in central Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 6495-6510 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bourtsoukidis ◽  
J. Williams ◽  
J. Kesselmeier ◽  
S. Jacobi ◽  
B. Bonn
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Central Germany ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are substantial contributors to atmospheric chemistry and physics and demonstrate the close relationship between biosphere and atmosphere. Their emission rates are highly sensitive to meteorological and environmental changes with concomitant impacts on atmospheric chemistry. We have investigated seasonal isoprenoid and oxygenated VOC (oxVOC) fluxes from a Norway spruce (Picea abies) tree in central Germany and explored the emission responses under various atmospheric conditions. Emission rates were quantified by using dynamic branch enclosure and proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) techniques. Additionally, ambient mixing ratios were derived through application of a new box model treatment on the dynamic chamber measurements. These are compared in terms of abundance and origin with the corresponding emissions. Isoprenoids dominate the BVOC emissions from Norway spruce, with monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes accounting for 50.8 ± 7.2% and 19.8 ± 8.1% respectively of the total emissions. Normalizing the VOC emission rates, we have observed a trend of reduction of carbon-containing emissions from April to November, with an enhancement of oxVOC. Highest emission rates were observed in June for all measured species, with the exception of sesquiterpenes, which were emitted most strongly in April. Finally, we evaluate the temperature-dependent algorithm that seems to describe the temperature-dependent emissions of methanol, acetaldehyde and monoterpenes but only with the use of the monthly derived values for emission potential, Es, and temperature dependency, β factor.

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