scholarly journals Climatic characteristics of the tropopause over the Arctic Basin

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Nagurny
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Basin ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Meteorology And Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Polar Meteorology ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

Abstract. On the basis of stationary aerological observations and measurements at Russian "North Pole" drifting stations taken during 1954–1991, tropopause climate parameters (height and temperature at its upper and lower bounds) are determined. Long-term trends of these parameters over the Arctic Ocean are revealed.Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics · Climatology · Polar meteorology

Comparison of the Long-Term Trends of the Largest Waves in the Ice-Free Arctic Waters From Different Reanalysis Products

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuji Waseda ◽  
Takehiko Nose ◽  
Adrean Webb
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Extreme Value Analysis ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ship Route ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Horizontal Grid

The long-term trends of the expected largest waves in the ice-free Arctic waters from Laptev to Beaufort Seas was studied analyzing the ERA-interim reanalysis from 1979 to 2016. The analysis showed that the positive trend is largest in October and increased almost 70 cm in 38 years. For ships navigating the Northern Ship Route, it is important to know what the possible largest waves to expect during its cruise. In view of conducting the extreme value analysis, the uncertainty of the largest wave needs to be validated. However, the observation in the Arctic Ocean is limited. We, therefore, rely on the reanalysis wave products in the Arctic Ocean, whose uncertainty is yet to be determined. ERA-Interim and ERA-5 are compared in the Laptev, the East Siberian, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. The comparison is relevant as the two products differ in its horizontal grid resolution and availability of the satellite altimeter significant wave height data assimilation. During 2010–2016 when the ERA5 is available, only a small difference from ERA-Interim was detected in the mean. However, the expected largest waves in the domain tended to be large for the ERA-5, 8% normalized bias. The tendency was quite similar with a high correlation of 0.98.

Diatoms and aquatic palynomorphs in the sediments of the Eurasian Arctic seas and their significance for paleooceanological investigations in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Yelena I. Polyakova ◽  
Yekaterina I. Novichkova ◽  
Tatiana S. Klyuvitkina ◽  
Elizaveta A. Agafonova ◽  
Irina M. Kryukova
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Marginal Filter ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Hydrological Parameters ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Long Term Studies

Presented the results of long-term studies of diatoms and aquatic palynomorphs in surface sediments of the Arctic seas and the possibility of their use for the reconstructions of paleocirculation water masses, advection of Atlantic and Bering sea water into the Arctic ocean, changes in the river runoff to the seas, sedimentary processes in the marginal filter of the largest rivers, seasonal sea ice cover and other hydrological parameters.

Measurements of precipitation and snow pack at Russian North Pole drifting stations

Polar Record ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (188) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Colony ◽  
Vladimir Radionov ◽  
Fred J. Tanis
Keyword(s):  
Data Center ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Digital Database ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
Basic Characteristics

AbstractThe Russian Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) has conducted long-term meteorological studies over the Arctic basin and adjacent Siberian seas. Standard measurements of precipitation and snow geophysical properties were made, consistent with methods recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). An extensive set of snow and precipitation data has been collected during the last 40 years and has been assembled into a digital database. These data are now kept at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) and World Data Center A for Glaciology. The geophysical properties of snow and sea ice together affect the conductive, turbulent, and radiative energy exchanges between the ocean and atmosphere. The spatial and temporal variations in these exchanges have an impact on virtually all the physical processes operating across this interface. This paper describes some of the basic characteristics of these snow and precipitation data, including seasonal and interannual variability.

Simulating the Long-Term Variability of Liquid Freshwater Export from the Arctic Ocean

2008 ◽  
pp. 405-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Gerdes ◽  
Michael Karcher ◽  
Cornelia Köberle ◽  
Kerstin Fieg
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Freshwater Export

scholarly journals Wave Climate from Spectra and Its Connections with Local and Remote Wind Climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyu Jiang ◽  
Lin Mu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Field ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Target Point ◽  
Wave Spectra ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Wind Climate ◽  
Climate Systems

AbstractWind-generated waves can propagate over large distances. Therefore, wave spectra from a fixed point can record information about air–sea interactions in distant areas. In this study, the spectral wave climate for a point in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean is computed. Several well-defined wave climate systems are observed in the mean wave spectrum. Significant seasonal cycling, long-term trends, and correlations with the Southern Oscillation, the Arctic Oscillation, and the Antarctic Oscillation are observed in the local wave spectra, showing abundant climatic information. Projections of wind vectors on the directions pointing to the target location are used to connect the spectral wave climate and basin-scale wind climate, because significant correlations are observed between the wave spectra and the wind projections of both local and remote wind systems. The origins of all the identified wave climate systems, including the westerlies and the trade winds in both hemispheres, are clearly shown in wind projection maps. Some of these origins are thousands of kilometers away from the target point, demonstrating the validity of this connection. Comparisons are made between wave spectra and the corresponding local and remote wind fields with respect to seasonal and interannual variability and long-term trends. The results show that each frequency and direction of ocean wave spectra at a certain location can be approximately linked to the wind field for a geographical area, implying that it is feasible to reconstruct spectral wave climates from observational wind field data and monitor wind climates from observational wave spectra geographically far away.

scholarly journals Seasonal Arctic sea-ice simulations with a prognostic ice-ocean model

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Ranelli ◽  
William D. Hibler
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Salt Flux ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

A prognostic ice-ocean model of the Arctic, Greenland and Norwegian seas with daily wind and atmospheric forcing is integrated for 30 years to quasi-equilibrium. Three simulations are carried out to investigate the role played by ice deformation and transport in baroclinic adjustment of the Arctic Ocean: a standard run with precipitation and ice transport, a simulation without precipitation and a “thermodynamics only” simulation without ice transport but including precipitation. A diagnostic model is integrated for five years to serve as a comparative control run. Comparison of the vertically integrated stream-function of each of the model runs indicates that the vertical density stratification needed to maintain the circulation of the Arctic Ocean is reduced excessively when precipitation is neglected and artificially enhanced if ice transport out of the basin is ignored. This effect is even more noticeable in the surface currents and is also apparent in a comparison of simulated and observed drifting-buoy tracks. An analysis of the salt budget of the Arctic Ocean indicates that the three main components, salt transport by the ocean, salt flux from the annual cycle of ice, and a fresh-water flux from precipitation and river runoff are approximately of the same magnitude. The main circulation deficiency identified in the simulations is an inadequate flow of Atlantic water into the Arctic Basin through the Fram Strait.

STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE ARCTIC

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Медведев ◽  
Dmitriy Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Development ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
Foreign Policy Strategies

The article describes the long-term trends in the development of international relations in the Arctic, the strategic importance of the region in modern international relations is proved. By analyzing the foreign policy strategies of the polar states the possible directions of international cooperation are formulated, threats to the development of constructive cooperation in the region are identified. The trends and key integration structures of military and political cooperation in the region are described, for the study of development prospects of the situation the concept of «security dilemma» is applied. The author describes the conditions necessary to reduce the tension in the region and the establishment of a non-confrontational model of world political development in the Arctic. In particular, the recognition of insolvency of isolation policy, as well as the rejection of the fragmentation of international security environment in the Arctic will allow to overcome the destructive tendencies of development and increase the possibility to maintain a mutually acceptable dialogue.

scholarly journals The Movement of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean

ARCTIC ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.K. Coachman ◽  
C.A. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Percentage Retention ◽  
Oceanographic Data ◽  
Vertical Eddy

Re-evaluates sixty years' oceanographic data from the Arctic Ocean, examining nearly 300 deep-water stations, and using the "core-layer" method of Wust to interpret the movement of the Atlantic layer. Stations are grouped in 16 areas and the average curve for each group plotted on a temperature-salinity diagram. Temperature and salinity changes which take place in the Atlantic water while and entity in the Arctic Basin are graphed. The temperature maximum is reduced by about 3.5 C, and the salinity at max. temperature is reduced by about 0.2 %. Superimposed on the T-S relationship is an arbitrary scale indicating percentage retention of the original characteristics. The velocity of the Atlantic layer is found (from current velocity, eddy coefficients and station data) to range 1-10 cm/sec and values of Kz (vertical eddy coefficient) generally to range 1-20 sq cm/sec. Percentage retention of characteristics from the T-S diagram is mapped to suggest a relation between the flow of Atlantic water and bathymetry, distance, time, as well as the T-S features. Assuming the velocity along the core to be 3 cm/sec, the constant vertical eddy coefficient to be 10 sq cm/sec, and with other assumptions on temperature distribution, an estimate of 8,000,000 sq cm/sec is obtained for the constant lateral eddy coefficient.

scholarly journals Long-term trends of black carbon and sulphate aerosol in the Arctic: changes in atmospheric transport and source region emissions

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 12133-12184 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hirdman ◽  
J. F. Burkhart ◽  
H. Sodemann ◽  
S. Eckhardt ◽  
A. Jefferson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Long Term Trends

Abstract. As a part of the IPY project POLARCAT (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols and Transport) and building on previous work (Hirdman et al., 2010), this paper studies the long-term trends of both atmospheric transport as well as equivalent black carbon (EBC) and sulphate for the three Arctic stations Alert, Barrow and Zeppelin. We find a general downward trend in the measured EBC concentrations at all three stations, with a decrease of −2.1±0.4 ng m−3 yr−1 (for the years 1989–2008) and −1.4±0.8 ng m−3 yr−1 (2002–2009) at Alert and Zeppelin respectively. The decrease at Barrow is, however, not statistically significant. The measured sulphate concentrations show a decreasing trend at Alert and Zeppelin of −15±3 ng m−3 yr−1 (1985–2006) and −1.3±1.2 ng m−3 yr−1 (1990–2008) respectively, while the trend at Barrow is unclear. To reveal the influence of different source regions on these trends, we used a cluster analysis of the output of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART run backward in time from the measurement stations. We have investigated to what extent variations in the atmospheric circulation, expressed as variations in the frequencies of the transport from four source regions with different emission rates, can explain the long-term trends in EBC and sulphate measured at these stations. We find that the long-term trend in the atmospheric circulation can only explain a minor fraction of the overall downward trend seen in the measurements of EBC (0.3–7.2%) and sulphate (0.3–5.3%) at the Arctic stations. The changes in emissions are dominant in explaining the trends. We find that the highest EBC and sulphate concentrations are associated with transport from Northern Eurasia and decreasing emissions in this region drive the downward trends. Northern Eurasia (cluster: NE, WNE and ENE) is the dominant emission source at all Arctic stations for both EBC and sulphate during most seasons. In wintertime, there are indications that the EBC emissions from the eastern parts of Northern Eurasia (ENE cluster) have increased over the last decade.

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