scholarly journals Surface-based nocturnal air temperature inversions in southern Poland and their influence on PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Upper Silesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Niedźwiedź ◽  
Ewa Bożena Łupikasza ◽  
Łukasz Małarzewski ◽  
Tomasz Budzik
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Temperature Inversions

AbstractThe frequency, strength and seasonal variations of surface-based temperature inversions (SBTIs) in Upper Silesia (Southern Poland) were examined using data from January 2001 to September 2020. Based on the air temperatures recorded at the meteorological station of the Institute of Earth Sciences in Sosnowiec (263 m a.s.l.) at heights of 2 m and 88 m above the ground, the vertical temperature gradient of the 100-m layer (γSos100 m) was determined. A lapse rate of γSos100 m > 0.5 K was defined as a temperature inversion. The measurements for 00 UTC (midnight) and 12 UTC (midday) were compared with data from the upper air station in Wrocław (116 m a.s.l.) located in the Lower Silesia Lowland, approximately 170 km NW of Sosnowiec. Based on soundings from Wrocław, in addition to the temperature gradient in the lower 100-m layer of air (γWrc100), three other characteristics of SBTIs were calculated: inversion depth (ID) or thickness in metres, inversion strength (ΔTi) in K and vertical temperature gradients across the whole SBTI layer γi in K 100 m−1. On an annual basis, the frequency of nighttime SBTIs (γ > 0.5 K 100 m−1) ranged from 47% in Sosnowiec to almost 59% in Wrocław. At both stations, the fewest SBTIs occurred in winter (23–38%) and the most in summer (64–75%). Moreover, they were more frequent in spring (52–61%) than in autumn (49–59%). The SBTI frequency was very low during the midday hours, amounting to 0.6–0.7% days a year, and it increased to 1–2% only in winter. Annually, the depth of 81% of inversions ranged between 50 and 300 m, varying seasonally from almost 67% in winter to 87% in summer. The presented research shows that SBTIs in winter were among the main factors contributing to a high concentration of particulate matter pollutants in the ground-level atmosphere. During nights with temperature inversions, the annual mean PM10 concentration reached 125% of the mean value, ranging from 114% in summer to 189% in winter.

scholarly journals Relationships between Vertical Temperature Gradients and PM10 Concentrations during Selected Weather Conditions in Upper Silesia (Southern Poland)

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ewa Bożena Łupikasza ◽  
Tadeusz Niedźwiedź
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Southern Poland

This paper studies surface air temperature inversions and their impact on air pollution under the background of meteorological conditions in southern Poland. The relationship of temperature gradients and air quality classes with weather conditions in the most urbanized and polluted part of Poland as represented by the Upper Silesia region (USR) within the administrative boundaries of the Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolis (GZM) is presented. Based on probability analysis this study hierarchized the role of the selected weather elements in the development of surface-based temperature inversion (SBI) and air quality (AQ). The thresholds of weather elements for a rapid increase in the probability of oppressive air pollution episodes were distinguished. Although most SBI occurred in summer winter SBIs were of great importance. In that season a bad air quality occurred during >70% of strong inversions and >50% of moderate inversions. Air temperature more strongly triggered AQ than SBI development. Wind speed was critical for SBI and significant for AQ development. A low cloudiness favored SBI occurrence altered air quality in winter and spring during SBI and favored very bad AQ5 (>180 µg/m3) occurrence. The probability of high air pollution enhanced by SBI rapidly increased in winter when the air temperature dropped below −6 °C the wind speed decreased below 1.5 m/s and the sky was cloudless. Changes in the relative humidity did not induce rapid changes in the occurrence of bad AQ events during SBI

scholarly journals Experimental study of temperature inversions above urban area using unmanned aerial vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6 Part A) ◽  
pp. 3327-3338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Masic ◽  
Dzevad Bibic ◽  
Boran Pikula ◽  
Emina Dzaferovic-Masic ◽  
Rajfa Musemic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Temperature Inversions ◽  
The City

Vertical temperature profiles represent a very important factor for various analytical and numerical studies, such as weather forecasts, air pollution models and CFD simulations. These temperature profiles are especially important during the winter periods, when temperature inversions occur. The cities in the natural valleys, such as the city of Sarajevo, B&H, are strongly affected by this phenomenon. In this paper, a method for quantitative characterization of vertical temperature profiles, which is based on the in-house developed data acquisition system and the unmanned aerial vehicle, is presented. Comprehensive calibration and verification procedure was performed and explained in details. Field measurements were focused on the winter period and extreme temperature inversion scenarios. The correlation with the air pollution in the city, for the same period, was discussed as well.

scholarly journals Air temperature variability in the vertical profile over the coastal area of Petuniabukta, central Spitsbergen

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Ambrožová ◽  
Kamil Láska
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Air Layers ◽  
Lapse Rates ◽  
Temperature Inversions

AbstractA two-year-long data set of air temperature from four different altitudes above Petuniabukta, central Spitsbergen, was analysed in order to assess the near-surface temperature lapse rates and the relative frequency of air temperature inversion occurrence. From August 2013 to July 2015, air temperatures at adjacent altitudes in Petuniabukta were strongly correlated. The near-surface lapse rates in all three layers differed significantly both from the average lapse rate in the international standard atmosphere (0.65°C 100 m−1) and the lapse rate calculated by linear regression. A pronounced annual cycle was detected in the lowermost air layer (from 23 to 136 m a.s.l.) with a variable near-surface lapse rate in the winter months, while an annual cycle was not apparent in the air layers above 136 m a.s.l. The lowermost layer was also characterized by a notable daily cycle in near-surface lapse rate in spring and autumn. Air temperature inversions occurred in up to 80% of the study period in the air layer below 136 m a.s.l., with the relative frequency being much lower in the other two air layers. The air temperature inversions lasted as long as 139 hours. A case study revealed that one of the strongest air temperature inversions was connected to an area of lower pressure gradients at the 850-hPa pressure level.

scholarly journals Coordinated Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) and Ground-Based Weather Measurements to Predict Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs)

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nolan ◽  
James Pinto ◽  
Javier González-Rocha ◽  
Anders Jensen ◽  
Christina Vezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Coherent Structures ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Lagrangian Coherent Structures ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Time Data ◽  
High Concentration

Concentrations of airborne chemical and biological agents from a hazardous release are not spread uniformly. Instead, there are regions of higher concentration, in part due to local atmospheric flow conditions which can attract agents. We equipped a ground station and two rotary-wing unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) with ultrasonic anemometers. Flights reported here were conducted 10 to 15 m above ground level (AGL) at the Leach Airfield in the San Luis Valley, Colorado as part of the Lower Atmospheric Process Studies at Elevation—a Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) campaign in 2018. The ultrasonic anemometers were used to collect simultaneous measurements of wind speed, wind direction, and temperature in a fixed triangle pattern; each sensor was located at one apex of a triangle with ∼100 to 200 m on each side, depending on the experiment. A WRF-LES model was used to determine the wind field across the sampling domain. Data from the ground-based sensors and the two UASs were used to detect attracting regions (also known as Lagrangian Coherent Structures, or LCSs), which have the potential to transport high concentrations of agents. This unique framework for detection of high concentration regions is based on estimates of the horizontal wind gradient tensor. To our knowledge, our work represents the first direct measurement of an LCS indicator in the atmosphere using a team of sensors. Our ultimate goal is to use environmental data from swarms of sensors to drive transport models of hazardous agents that can lead to real-time proper decisions regarding rapid emergency responses. The integration of real-time data from unmanned assets, advanced mathematical techniques for transport analysis, and predictive models can help assist in emergency response decisions in the future.

Phosphorus minerals in tonstein; coal seam 405 at Sośnica-Makoszowy coal mine, Upper Silesia, southern Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kokowska-Pawłowska ◽  
Jacek Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Coal Seam ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Basin Area

Abstract Kokowska-Pawłowska, M. and Nowak, J. 2013. Phosphorus minerals in tonstein; coal seam 405 at Sośnica- Makoszowy coal mine, Upper Silesia, southern Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 63 (2), 271-281. Warszawa. The paper presents results of research on tonstein, which constitutes an interburden in coal seam 405 at the Sośnica- Makoszowy coal mine, Makoszowy field (mining level 600 m), Upper Silesia, southern Poland. The mineral and chemical compositions of the tonstein differ from the typical compositions described earlier for tonsteins from Upper Silesia Coal Basin area. Additionally, minerals present in the tonsteins include kaolinite, quartz, kaolinitised biotite and feldspars. The presence of the phosphatic minerals apatite and goyazite has been recognized. The presence of gorceixite and crandallite is also possible. The contents of CaO (5.66 wt%) and P2O5 (6.2 wt%) are remarkably high. Analysis of selected trace elements demonstrated high contents of Sr (4937 ppm) and Ba (4300 ppm), related to the phosphatic minerals. On the basis of mineral composition the tonstein has been identified as a crystalline tonstein, transitional to a multiplied one.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis (Measurements at Heights of 10 m and 20 m above Ground Level) of the Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0) and Gaseous Pollutants (H2S) on the University Campus: A Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Maciej Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
High Concentrations

Spatial analysis of the distribution of particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas pollution was performed in the area around a university library building. The reasons for the subject matter were reports related to the perceptible odor characteristic of hydrogen sulfide and a general poor assessment of air quality by employees and students. Due to the area of analysis, it was decided to perform measurements at two heights, 10 m and 20 m above ground level, using measuring equipment attached to a DJI Matrice 600 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The aim of the measurements was air quality assessment and investigate the convergence of the theory of air flow around the building with the spatial distribution of air pollutants. Considerable differences of up to 63% were observed in the concentrations of pollutants measured around the building, especially between opposite sides, depending on the direction of the wind. To explain these differences, the theory of aerodynamics was applied to visualize the probable airflow in the direction of the wind. A strong convergence was observed between the aerodynamic model and the spatial distribution of pollutants. This was evidenced by the high concentrations of dust in the areas of strong turbulence at the edges of the building and on the leeward side. The accumulation of pollutants was also clearly noticeable in these locations. A high concentration of H2S was recorded around the library building on the side of the car park. On the other hand, the air turbulence around the building dispersed the gas pollution, causing the concentration of H2S to drop on the leeward side. It was confirmed that in some analyzed areas the permissible concentration of H2S was exceeded.

scholarly journals Traffic Density-Related Black Carbon Distribution: Impact of Wind in a Basin Town

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6490
Author(s):  
Borut Jereb ◽  
Brigita Gajšek ◽  
Gregor Šipek ◽  
Špela Kovše ◽  
Matevz Obrecht
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Carbon Distribution ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Black Carbon Concentration ◽  
Low Wind Speeds ◽  
Temperature Inversions ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

Black carbon is one of the riskiest particle matter pollutants that is harmful to human health. Although it has been increasingly investigated, factors that depend on black carbon distribution and concentration are still insufficiently researched. Variables, such as traffic density, wind speeds, and ground levels can lead to substantial variations of black carbon concentrations and potential exposure, which is even riskier for people living in less-airy sites. Therefore, this paper “fills the gaps” by studying black carbon distribution variations, concentrations, and oscillations, with special emphasis on traffic density and road segments, at multiple locations, in a small city located in a basin, with frequent temperature inversions and infrequent low wind speeds. As wind speed has a significant impact on black carbon concentration trends, it is critical to present how low wind speeds influence black carbon dispersion in a basin city, and how black carbon is dependent on traffic density. Our results revealed that when the wind reached speeds of 1 ms−1, black carbon concentrations actually increased. In lengthy wind periods, when wind speeds reached 2 or 3 ms−1, black carbon concentrations decreased during rush hour and in the time of severe winter biomass burning. By observing the results, it could be concluded that black carbon persists longer in higher altitudes than near ground level. Black carbon concentration oscillations were also seen as more pronounced on main roads with higher traffic density. The more the traffic decreases and becomes steady, the more black carbon concentrations oscillate.

Dependence of Aerosol Particle Concentration in Surface Air over the Moscow Region on Wind Speed and Lapse Rate

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
E. A. Stulov ◽  
◽  
E. V. Sosnikova ◽  
N. A. Monakhova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Vertical Temperature Gradient ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Simple Estimation ◽  
The City

Based on the daily measurements of atmospheric aerosol characteristics in the city of Dolgoprudny (20 km from the center of Moscow) carried out during 2013-2018, the influence of some meteorological factors on the concentration of various aerosol fractions in the surface layer of the atmosphere is analyzed. It is that the aerosol concentration depends most on the wind speed and the vertical temperature gradient. The method of simple estimation of aerosol particles accumulation conditions in the surface layer based on the use of standard radiosonde data is developed.

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