Dependence of Aerosol Particle Concentration in Surface Air over the Moscow Region on Wind Speed and Lapse Rate

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
E. A. Stulov ◽  
◽  
E. V. Sosnikova ◽  
N. A. Monakhova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Vertical Temperature Gradient ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Simple Estimation ◽  
The City

Based on the daily measurements of atmospheric aerosol characteristics in the city of Dolgoprudny (20 km from the center of Moscow) carried out during 2013-2018, the influence of some meteorological factors on the concentration of various aerosol fractions in the surface layer of the atmosphere is analyzed. It is that the aerosol concentration depends most on the wind speed and the vertical temperature gradient. The method of simple estimation of aerosol particles accumulation conditions in the surface layer based on the use of standard radiosonde data is developed.

scholarly journals Radon-based technique for the analysis of atmospheric stability – a case study from Central Poland

Nukleonika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Podstawczyńska ◽  
Scott D. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Heat Island Intensity ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Vertical Temperature Gradient ◽  
Mixing State ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Urban Heat

Abstract An economical and easy-to-implement technique is outlined by which the mean nocturnal atmospheric mixing state (“stability”) can be assessed over a broad (city-scale) heterogeneous region solely based on near-surface (2 m above ground level [a.g.l.]) observations of the passive tracer radon-222. The results presented here are mainly based on summer data of hourly meteorological and radon observations near Łodź, Central Poland, from 4 years (2008–2011). Behaviour of the near-surface wind speed and vertical temperature gradient (the primary controls of the nocturnal atmospheric mixing state), as well as the urban heat island intensity, are investigated within each of the four radon-based nocturnal stability categories derived for this study (least stable, weakly stable, moderately stable, and stable). On average, the most (least) stable nights were characterized by vertical temperature gradient of 1.1 (0.5)°C·m−1, wind speed of ~0.4 (~1.0) m·s−1, and urban heat island intensity of 4.5 (0.5)°C. For sites more than 20 km inland from the coast, where soils are not completely saturated or frozen, radon-based nocturnal stability classification can significantly enhance and simplify a range of environmental research applications (e.g. urban climate studies, urban pollution studies, regulatory dispersion modelling, and evaluating the performance of regional climate and pollution models).

scholarly journals Vertical refraction angle derived from the variance of the angle-of-arrival fluctuations

1979 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Stability Parameter ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
Refraction Angle ◽  
Vertical Temperature Gradient ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Temperature Structure Parameter

A theory is developed for evaluating the vertical refraction angle from the variance of the angle-of-arrival fluctuations, assuming a horizontally homogeneous turbulent atmospheric surface layer. The vertical refraction angle is mainly a function of the vertical temperature gradient, and the variance of the angle-of-arrival is related to the temperature structure parameter CT2. However, surface layer similarity theory states that both the mean vertical temperature gradient and CT2 are functions of the same scaling temperature T* and a thermal stability parameter. This therefore provides an indirect method of determining the vertical refraction angle from a measurement of the variance of the angle-of-arrival and an estimate of the thermal stability parameter. Advantages of this method over other techniques of evaluating vertical refraction are discussed.

Effects of meteorological factors on pollen flora in the atmosphere of Sinop (Turkey)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Cemile Canşı Demır ◽  
Hülya Özler ◽  
Ayşe Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Pollen Concentration ◽  
City Center ◽  
Burkard Trap ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Monthly Changes ◽  
The City ◽  
Positive Effect

This study was conducted for determining the plant taxa of the pollen grain in the atmosphere of the city center of Sinop (Turkey) and investigating the effects of meteorological factors on pollen concentration, by analyzing daily, weekly and monthly changes in the atmosphere. The types and amounts of pollen grain in the atmosphere were determined using Burkard trap. On the basis of the average of 2 years (2016 - 2017), the dominant trees taxa in the atmosphere were Cupressaceae/Taxaceae (32.67%), Pinaceae (15.51%), Morus sp. (5.50%), Quercus sp. (2.76%), Alnus sp. (2.24%), Corylus sp. (1.48%), Carpinus sp. (1.43%), Juglans sp. (1.43%), Fraxinus sp. (1.33%), Olea europaea (1.05%) and Poaceae (Grass) (5.29%), whereas the dominant weed taxa were Urticaceae (11.16%), Ambrosia sp. (4.31%), Amaranthaceae (3.21%), and Mercurialis sp. (2.05%). Temperature and wind speed had a positive effect on the increased amount of pollen, whereas precipitation had a negative effect on it. On the basis of the data obtained, a pollen calendar was prepared for the area.

scholarly journals Empirical Research on Climate Warming Risks for Forest Fires: A Case Study of Grade I Forest Fire Danger Zone, Sichuan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7773
Author(s):  
San Wang ◽  
Hongli Li ◽  
Shukui Niu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Danger Zone ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Forest Fire Danger

The Sichuan province is a key area for forest and grassland fire prevention in China. Forest resources contribute significantly not only to the biological gene pool in the mid latitudes but also in reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases and slowing down global warming. To study and forecast forest fire change trends in a grade I forest fire danger zone in the Sichuan province under climate change, the dynamic impacts of meteorological factors on forest fires in different climatic regions were explored and a model between them was established by using an integral regression in this study. The results showed that the dominant factor behind the area burned was wind speed in three climatic regions, particularly in Ganzi and A’ba with plateau climates. In Ganzi and A’ba, precipitation was mainly responsible for controlling the number of forest fires while it was mainly affected by temperature in Panzhihua and Liangshan with semi-humid subtropical mountain climates. Moreover, the synergistic effect of temperature, precipitation and wind speed was responsible in basin mid-subtropical humid climates with Chengdu as the center and the influence of temperature was slightly higher. The differential forest fire response to meteorological factors was observed in different climatic regions but there was some regularity. The influence of monthly precipitation in the autumn on the area burned in each climatic region was more significant than in other seasons, which verified the hypothesis of a precipitation lag effect. Climate warming and the combined impact of warming effects may lead to more frequent and severe fires.

ADVERSE METEOROLOGICAL SITUATION AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Kolyagina N.M. ◽  
Berezhnova T.A. ◽  
Kulintsova Ya.V. ◽  
Elistratova O.S. ◽  
Drapalyuk M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Weather Sensitivity ◽  
Access To Medical Care ◽  
The City

Relevance. Exacerbation of the disease, as a rule, leads to the patient seeking medical help. In this regard, data on the population's access to medical care can serve as an indicator of the exacerbation of the disease. Aim: to analyze meteorological risk factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Material and methods. The ratio of the average number of cases of requests for medical care on unfavorable days for meteorological factors to the average number of cases of requests per day for medical care during the year was calculated. Using software tools (STATISTICA Base V6. 1), the type of data distribution was estimated, and a correlation analysis of the likely relationship between the number of medical care requests and the indicators of meteorological factors was carried out. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the average number of cases of medical care requests on hot days (air temperature over + 300C) is 1.1-1.4 times higher than the average number of cases of requests per day for the same reasons (diagnoses) during the year and is abnormal for the territory of the city of Voronezh, due to such diagnoses as hypertension without heart failure, brain vascular lesions (specified), cerebrovascular disease, hypertension with heart failure. Conclusions. Thus, it was found that one of the meteorological risk factors for the formation of cardiovascular pathology is high air temperature (above + 300C), which is the goal for the implementation of the main directions of prevention of increased weather sensitivity and treatment of weather-dependent patients.

A Wind-Speed Anomaly in the Surface Layer in the Po Valley

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
A. Longhetto ◽  
L. Briatore
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Po Valley
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