scholarly journals Cryo-soft X-ray tomography: a journey into the world of the native-state cell

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 251 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Carzaniga ◽  
Marie-Charlotte Domart ◽  
Lucy M. Collinson ◽  
Elizabeth Duke
Keyword(s):  
Native State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Determination of the mineral profile of raw and roasted lentil flour after addition to yogurt

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Farida Benmeziane-Derradji ◽  
Doha Aoufi ◽  
Nour El Houda Ayat ◽  
Lynda Djermoune-Arkoub
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Native State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
The World ◽  
Lentil Flour ◽  
Edx Microanalysis

Introduction: Lentil (Lens culinaris) is a pulse largely consumed in the world, especially in Algeria. This legume can be consumed in different forms (pottage, soup), but also flour can be produced after roasting treatment of the lentils. Resulted flour can be used as a food or ingredient in the formulation of food products. Aims: The main objective of this study is to determine the variation in the main mineral content of lentil flour. The flour was analyzed at its native state (raw), after roasting, raw before addition to yogurt, and roasted after addition in yogurt as a functional ingredient at a rate of 4%. Material and Methods: The lentil flours analysis was carried out by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) associated with Dispersive X-ray Energy (EDX) microanalysis (SEM-EDX). Results: The results show that the roasting treatment does not have a marked effect on the mineral content of lentil flours. However, the addition to the yogurt made it possible to raise the mineral content of the raw and roasted lentil flour remarkably. Conclusions: Adding lentil flour to yogurt is an effective way to increase the mineral content of yogurts made from these flours. Keywords: Lens culinaris, flour, roasting, SEM-EDX, mineral.

scholarly journals First Report on the Geologic Occurrence of Natural Na–A Zeolite and Associated Minerals in Cretaceous Mudstones of the Paja Formation of Vélez (Santander), Colombia

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Ríos-Reyes ◽  
German Alfonso Reyes-Mendoza ◽  
José Antonio Henao-Martínez ◽  
Craig Williams ◽  
Alan Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
The World ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
First Time

This study reports for the first time the geologic occurrence of natural zeolite A and associated minerals in mudstones from the Cretaceous Paja Formation in the urban area of the municipality of Vélez (Santander), Colombia. These rocks are mainly composed of quartz, muscovite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite and chlorite group minerals, framboidal and cubic pyrite, as well as marcasite, with minor feldspar, sulphates, and phosphates. Total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (TS), and millimeter fragments of algae are high, whereas few centimeters and not biodiverse small ammonite fossils, and other allochemical components are subordinated. Na–A zeolite and associated mineral phases as sodalite occur just beside the interparticle micropores (honeycomb from framboidal, cube molds, and amorphous cavities). It is facilitated by petrophysical properties alterations, due to processes of high diagenesis, temperatures up to 80–100 °C, with weathering contributions, which increase the porosity and permeability, as well as the transmissivity (fluid flow), allowing the geochemistry remobilization and/or recrystallization of pre-existing silica, muscovite, kaolinite minerals group, salts, carbonates, oxides and peroxides. X-ray diffraction analyses reveal the mineral composition of the mudstones and scanning electron micrographs show the typical cubic morphology of Na–A zeolite of approximately 0.45 mμ in particle size. Our data show that the sequence of the transformation of phases is: Poorly crystalline aluminosilicate → sodalite → Na–A zeolite. A literature review shows that this is an unusual example of the occurrence of natural zeolites in sedimentary marine rocks recognized around the world.

X-Ray Microanalysis of Art Glass Surfaces

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
R.B. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Work Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
Glass Workers

In recent years there has been a virtual explosion in the world of art glass. New glass formulations have brought a host of new colors into the marketplace, and the availability of low-cost, high-quality torches and other tools has brought art glass to the hobbyist. In addition to burn risks and possible cutting injury, there are a number of less obvious hazards that should be known to novice glass workers. One of these is the presence of heavy metals in or on glass surfaces and possibly in the atmosphere immediately surrounding the work area, presenting both potential skin contact and inhalation hazards. This study examines the metallic surfaces generated on five glass colors commonly used in art glass jewelry.

scholarly journals Meta-Transfer Learning Driven Tensor-Shot Detector for the Autonomous Localization and Recognition of Concealed Baggage Threats

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6450
Author(s):  
Taimur Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Shafay ◽  
Samet Akçay ◽  
Salman Khan ◽  
Mohammed Bennamoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Aviation Security ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Average Precision ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shot Classification ◽  
Object Proposals ◽  
The World

Screening baggage against potential threats has become one of the prime aviation security concerns all over the world, where manual detection of prohibited items is a time-consuming and hectic process. Many researchers have developed autonomous systems to recognize baggage threats using security X-ray scans. However, all of these frameworks are vulnerable against screening cluttered and concealed contraband items. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, no framework possesses the capacity to recognize baggage threats across multiple scanner specifications without an explicit retraining process. To overcome this, we present a novel meta-transfer learning-driven tensor-shot detector that decomposes the candidate scan into dual-energy tensors and employs a meta-one-shot classification backbone to recognize and localize the cluttered baggage threats. In addition, the proposed detection framework can be well-generalized to multiple scanner specifications due to its capacity to generate object proposals from the unified tensor maps rather than diversified raw scans. We have rigorously evaluated the proposed tensor-shot detector on the publicly available SIXray and GDXray datasets (containing a cumulative of 1,067,381 grayscale and colored baggage X-ray scans). On the SIXray dataset, the proposed framework achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.6457, and on the GDXray dataset, it achieved the precision and F1 score of 0.9441 and 0.9598, respectively. Furthermore, it outperforms state-of-the-art frameworks by 8.03% in terms of mAP, 1.49% in terms of precision, and 0.573% in terms of F1 on the SIXray and GDXray dataset, respectively.

scholarly journals Challenges of Home Treatment/Care of COVID-19 Patients in Nigeria: A Public Health Risk and a Huge Deceit of our Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Azuonwu O
Keyword(s):  
Daily Basis ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Copy And Paste

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 was first discovered in a highly populated city of China in late 2019, and has since spread to most countries of the world, causing several morbidities and mortalities. In the bid to contain the disease and curtail its spread, different countries have instituted several policies, and while these policies may work for some countries, it may not work for others. Nevertheless, the disease has affected over 19 million people globally, killing as many as 700,000. Yet, thousands of persons are still being infected on a daily basis. Aim: To x-ray and evaluate the suitability of home-based treatment/care of COVID-19 patients in Nigeria. Methodology: Peer-reviewed articles revealing information about COVID-19 and its effects globally were sourced from different electronic databases (including WHO, Pub Med, Science Direct, NCDC, etc.), and appraised to extract valuable data and information from them for the purpose of analysis and synthesis of developing robust body of knowledge. Findings: The results obtained from our search include some details about COVID-19 infection, the disease epidemiology, diagnosis, management and guidelines for home-based treatment of COVID-19 patients. Also, discussed in this study are some loopholes in the Nigerian health system and leadership that makes it difficult for foreign policies or strategies (on COVID-19 containment) to be implemented in Nigeria. Conclusion/Recommendation: Differences in lifestyles and cultures among different countries of the world means that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to the problems created by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, each country is advised to determine which policies best suit the lifestyles and cultures peculiar to her inhabitants. There is literally no room for copy and paste syndrome

scholarly journals Structural and functional conservation of the programmed −1 ribosomal frameshift signal of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie A. Kelly ◽  
Alexandra N. Olson ◽  
Krishna Neupane ◽  
Sneha Munshi ◽  
Josue San Emeterio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Ribosomal Frameshift ◽  
Short Term ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
The World ◽  
Functional Analyses

Abstract17 years after the SARS-CoV epidemic, the world is facing the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. Given the most optimistic projections estimating that it will take over a year to develop a vaccine, the best short-term strategy may lie in identifying virus-specific targets for small molecule interventions. All coronaviruses utilize a molecular mechanism called −1 PRF to control the relative expression of their proteins. Prior analyses of SARS-CoV revealed that it employs a structurally unique three-stemmed mRNA pseudoknot to stimulate high rates of −1 PRF, and that it also harbors a −1 PRF attenuation element. Altering −1 PRF activity negatively impacts virus replication, suggesting that this molecular mechanism may be therapeutically targeted. Here we present a comparative analysis of the original SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 frameshift signals. Structural and functional analyses revealed that both elements promote similar rates of −1 PRF and that silent coding mutations in the slippery sites and in all three stems of the pseudoknot strongly ablated −1 PRF activity. The upstream attenuator hairpin activity has also been functionally retained. Small-angle x-ray scattering indicated that the pseudoknots in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 had the same conformation. Finally, a small molecule previously shown to bind the SARS-CoV pseudoknot and inhibit −1 PRF was similarly effective against −1 PRF in SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that such frameshift inhibitors may provide promising lead compounds to counter the current pandemic.

Overview of proposed VUV and soft X-ray projects in the world

2003 ◽  
pp. 464-469
Author(s):  
Dattoli Giuseppe ◽  
Renieri Alberto
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
The World

scholarly journals The way we were (and how we got here): fifty years of technology changes in dental and maxillofacial radiology

2020 ◽  
pp. 20200133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Molteni
Keyword(s):  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Maxillofacial Radiology ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Technology Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phosphor Plates ◽  
Different Parts

The history of the last 50 years (1970–2020) of technological changes and progresses for equipment and procedures in dental and maxillofacial radiology is related from the insider perspective of an industrial physicist and technologist who has been instrumental at innovating and developing medical equipment in different parts of the world. The onset and improvement of all major categories of dental and maxillofacial radiographic equipment is presented, from the standpoint of their practical acceptance and impact among common dentists and maxillofacial radiologists: X-ray sources and detectors for intraoral radiography, and panoramic systems, both film-based and digital (including photo-stimulated phosphor plates); and cone beam CT.

AXES1.9: new tools for estimation of crystallite size and shape by Williamson–Hall analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Mändar ◽  
Jürgen Felsche ◽  
Valdek Mikli ◽  
Toivo Vajakas
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Shape Functions ◽  
Diffraction Vector ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peak Fitting ◽  
Hall Plot ◽  
The World ◽  
Shape Analyses

Dialogues for the estimation of crystallite size, shape and lattice strain are designed and included in an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) program, namedAXES. They implement peak fitting and Voigt analysis followed by a Williamson–Hall plot (WHP). Eight different peak-shape functions can be used for individual peak fitting. Volume-weighted crystallite size and effective lattice deformation are calculated from linear interpolation of the WHP. Actual dimensions (diameters of spheres, diameters and heights of cylinders) are calculated, assuming spherical or cylindrical shapes of the crystallites. Results of size–shape analyses can be visualized in the form of a WHP and as an arrow diagram (HPGL format), which shows distribution of observed apparent and true sizes of crystallites with a diffraction vector. The program has been written in Borland Pascal 7.0 for MS-DOS. The executable code is availableviathe World Wide Web.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Damascus Drinking Water Using Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H. Bakraji ◽  
J. Karajo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
World Health ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and chemical preconcentration have been applied for multi-elemental analysis of Damascus drinking water. Water was taken directly from taps of several city sectors and analyzed for the following trace elements: Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Pb. The detection limits were found to be in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 µg/L. The mean levels of trace elements in the Damascus drinking water were below the World Health Organization drinking water quality guidelines.

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