Endurance treadmill running training benefits the biomaterial quality of bone in growing male Wistar rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsang-Hai Huang ◽  
Feng-Ling Chang ◽  
Shang-Chih Lin ◽  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
Sandy S. Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Running Training ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of low dose Musa paradisiaca on the semen quality of male Wistar rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
GabrielO Omotoso ◽  
C. N. B. Tagoe ◽  
OB Akinola ◽  
AS Alabi ◽  
BU Enaibe
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals Influence of treadmill running on femoral bone in young orchidectomized rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-N. Horcajada ◽  
V. Coxam ◽  
M.-J. Davicco ◽  
N. Gaumet ◽  
P. Pastoureau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Femoral Diaphysis ◽  
Femoral Bone ◽  
Femoral Bone Density ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Horcajada, M.-N., V. Coxam, M.-J. Davicco, N. Gaumet, P. Pastoureau, C. Leterrier, J. Culioli, and J.-P. Barlet. Influence of treadmill running on femoral bone in young orchidectomized rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 129–133, 1997.—Forty 6-wk-old male Wistar rats weighing 308 ± 24 g were divided into two groups. On day 0, the 20 animals in one group were surgically castrated and the other group was sham operated. Within each group, 10 rats were selected for treadmill running (60% maximal O2consumption, 1 h/day, 6 days/wk for 15 wk). The 20 sedentary rats were used as controls. At the time the rats were killed ( day 105), running had no significant effect on femoral mechanical properties either in castrated or in sham-operated rats. Femoral bone density was lower in orchidectomized than in sham-operated rats. Nevertheless, it was higher in exercised than in sedentary rats. Femoral Ca content paralleled changes in bone density. Treadmill running had no significant effect on plasma osteocalcin concentration but inhibited the increase in urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion observed in castrated rats. Image analysis (measured at the distal femoral diaphysis) revealed that these effects mainly resulted from decreased trabecular bone resorption in castrated exercised rats.

scholarly journals Effects of gentling on open-field behaviour of Wistar rats in fear-evoking test situation

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Hirsjärvi ◽  
Teuvo Väliaho
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Test Situation ◽  
Fear Reaction ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Contact Parameters ◽  
Field Behaviour ◽  
Open Field Behaviour

The effect of individual gentling on open-field behaviour of adult male Wistar rats was studied. Dark open-field evoked prey-like behaviour both in the gentled and in the non-handled rats. Escape activity dominated in both groups although some habituation as a function of trials occurred. The effects of gentling were mainly seen in the quality of the fear-reaction as a result of reduced fear of human contact. Parameters that differentiated the 2 groups were middle field ambulation, middle field rearing and passive motionlessness.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN CAP TIKUS TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA WISTAR JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Melmambessy ◽  
Lydia Tendean ◽  
Janette M. Rumbajan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract: Alcohol is an organic compound that is composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Usually, the term of alcohol is known as liquor. One of the local products of liquor in Manado is Cap Tikus. This study aims to determine the effect of alcohol 20% on the spermatozoa quality of male Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). The research design was a completely randomized experimental design. The samples were 10 male wistar rats which consisted of 5 rats as a control group and 5 rats as the experiment group. The rats in the experiment group were given Cap Tikus for 52 days, while rats in the control group were given tap water. The results showed that spermatozoa quality from experiment group which includes the concentration of spermatozoa is 24x106 spermatozoa/ml, normal motility of spermatozoa is 23,5% and normal morphology of spermatozoa is 11%. Whereas spermatozoa quality from control group which includes the concentration of spermatozoa is59x106 spermatozoa/ml, normal motility of spermatozoa is 89% and normal morphology of spermatozoa is 97%. Conclusion: Cap Tikus decreased the spermatozoa quality which includes concentration, motility and morphology of spermatozoa. This was due to alcohol interfered the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary gland and the testes that played an important role in the process of spermatogenesis.Keywords: cap tikus, alcohol, spermatozoa qualityAbstrak: Alkohol merupakan suatu senyawa organik yang tersusun dari unsur-unsur karbon, hidrogen dan oksigen. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, istilah alkohol sering dikaitkan dengan minuman keras. Salah satu jenis minuman keras produk lokal di Manado adalah Cap Tikus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Cap Tikus terhadap kualitas spermatozoa wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap. Sampel adalah tikus wistar jantan berjumlah 10 ekor, 5 ekor tikus digunakan sebagaikontrol dan 5 ekor tikus digunakan sebagai perlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan adalah kelompok yang diberi minuman Cap Tikus selama 52 hari sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah kelompok yang diberi minuman air ledeng. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kualitas spermatozoa kelompok perlakuan yang meliputi konsentrasi spermatozoa adalah 24x106 spermatozoa/ml, motilitas spermatozoa normal adalah 23,5% dan morfologi spermatozoa normal adalah 11%. Kualitas spermatozoa kelompok kontrol yang meliputi konsentrasi spermatozoa adalah 59x106 spermatozoa/ml, motilitas spermatozoa normal 89% dan morfologi spermatozoa normal 97%. Simpulan: Pemberian Cap Tikus menyebabkan penurunan kualitas spermatozoa yang meliputi konsentrasi, motilitas dan morfologi spermatozoa. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena alkohol mengganggu hipotalamus, kelenjar hipofisis anterior dan testis yang berperan dalam proses spermatogenesis.Kata kunci: cap tikus, alkohol, kualitas spermatozoa

scholarly journals Perbedaan efek pemberian tunggal vitamin E dengan pemberian kombinasi vitamin e dan zink terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus Norvegicus) yang diberi paparan asap rokok

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iis A.H. Silalahi ◽  
Grace L.A. Turalaki ◽  
Janette M. Rumbajan
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract: Smoking can increase free radicals in sperm, which can damage sperm. Vitamin E as non-enzymatic antioxidant and zinc as enzymatic antioxidant that is effective in dealing with free radicals. The aim of this research was to look at the differences between the effects of vitamin E and zinc on spermatozoa quality of male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) after exposure to cigarette smoke. The research used a completely randomized experimental design. Samples were 9 male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were randomly divided into 3 groups. Each group was given exposure to cigarette smoke from 2 bars of cigarette/day, which treatment group (P1) also was given vitamin E 1,44 mg/day and treatment group (P2) also was given combination of vitamin E 1,44 mg/day and zinc 10 mg/day. The treatment was given for 50 days. The results of this research showed a significant difference in the motility and morphology of spermatozoa between the treatment group (P1) which received exposure the cigarette smoke and vitamin E and treatment group (P2) which received exposure to cigarette smoke and combination of vitamin E and zinc (p<0,05) compared with the group which received exposure only cigarette smoke without vitamin E or zinc. The motility of spermatozoa treatment group (P2) which received exposure the cigarette smoke and combination vitamin E and zinc was found significant difference with the treatment group (P1) which received exposure the cigarette smoke and vitamin E (p <0,05). Conclusion: The conclusion from this research showed that there is difference between spermatozoa quality especially motility and morphology of group treated with vitamin E and combination of vitamin E and zinc after exposure to cigarette smoke, with combination of vitamin E and zinc had an higher average on spermatozoa quality especially motility.Keywords: vitamin E, zinc, cigarette smoke, quality of spermatozoa Abstrak: Merokok dapat menyebabkan peningkatan radikal bebas yang dapat merusak sperma. Vitamin E sebagai antioksidan non enzimatis dan zink sebagai antioksidan enzimatis merupakan antioksidan yang efektif dalam mengatasi radikal bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan efek antara pemberian vitamin E dan kombinasi vitamin E dengan zink terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan setelah diberi paparan asap rokok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan acak legkap. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 9 tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan yang dibagi secara acak menjadi 3 kelompok. Masing-masing kelompok tikus diberi paparan asap rokok 2 batang / hari dimana kelompok perlakuan (P1) juga diberi vitamin E 1,44 mg/hari, dan kelompok perlakuan (P2) diberi kombinasi vitamin E 1,44 mg/hari dan zink 10 mg/hari. Perlakuan diberikan selama 50 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan pada motilitas dan morfologi spermatozoa kelompok perlakuan (P1) dengan perlakuan paparan asap rokok dan vitamin E dan kelompok perlakuan (P2) dengan perlakuan paparan asap rokok dan kombinasi vitamin E dengan zink dibandingkan dengan kelompok control (P0) yang hanya mendapat paparan asap rokok (p<0,05). Motilitas spermatozoa kelompok perlakuan (P2) didapati hasil yang berbeda signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan (P1) (p<0,05). Simpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan signifikan kualitas spermatozoa yaitu pada motilitas dan morfologi antara pemberian tunggal vitamin E dan kombinasi vitamin E dengan zink setelah pemaparan asap rokok, dengan kombinasi vitamin E dan zink memiliki rata-rata kualitas spermatozoa lebih tinggi khususnya motilitas.Kata kunci: vitamin E, zink, asap rokok, kualitas spermatozoa

scholarly journals Pengaruh madu terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diberi paparan asap rokok

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pretty P. Makasenda ◽  
Janette M. Rumbajan ◽  
Grace L.A. Turalaki
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract: Cigarettes are composed of hazardous chemicals such as nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide (CO) to name a few. In just a single puff of a cigarette, there are 1014 free radical molecules also known as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that can cause sperm damage. Various natural ingredients native to Indonesia were found to contain various antioxidants, one of them is honey. The effects of honey as antioxidant may protect body cells in neutralizing free radicals caused by smoking and reducing the damage to spermatozoa cell that is caused by ROS and thereby avoiding the declining quality of spermatozoa. This study aimed to determine the effect of honey on the quality of spermatozoa of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) that had been exposed to cigarette smoke. Subjects of this study were nine male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) randomly divided into three groups weighing 150-200 g with the age range of 12-14 weeks. Each group of mice was given exposure to the smoke of 2 cigarettes a day in which the treatment group (P1) is also given 0.5 ml of honey per day, and the treatment group (P2) honey 1 ml / day. The results showed that honey treatment can improve concentration, motility, and morphology of spermatozoa Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) by exposure to cigarrets smoke. Occurred a significant difference of concentration, motility, and morphology of spermatozoa group given only the exposure to cigarette smoke and the group given exposure to cigarette smoke and honey. This results showed that 1 ml of honey per day could improve the quality of spermatozoa.Keywords: honey, cigarrets smoke, spermatozoa Abstrak: Rokok mengandung bahan kimia yang berbahaya, yaitu nikotin, tar dan gas karbon monoksida (CO). Dalam satu kali hisapan rokok terdapat 1014 molekul radikal bebas atau Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) yang dapat merusak spermatozoa. Berbagai bahan alam asli Indonesia banyak mengandung antioksidan, salah satunya pada madu. Efek madu sebagai antioksidan dapat melindungi sel-sel tubuh termasuk menetralisir radikal bebas yang disebabkan oleh rokok dan mengurangi kerusakan sel spermatozoa yang disebabkan oleh ROS sehingga menghindari menurunnya kualitas spermatozoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh madu terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diberi paparan asap rokok. Subjek penelitian ini menggunakan 9 ekor tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok secara acak dengan berat badan 150-200 gram dan berumur 12-14 minggu. Masing-masing kelompok tikus diberi paparan asap rokok 2 batang / hari dimana kelompok perlakuan (P1) juga diberi madu 0.5 ml / hari, dan kelompok perlakuan (P2) diberi madu 1 ml / hari. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pemberian madu dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi, motilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diberi paparan asap rokok. Terjadi perbedaan yang bermakna dari konsentrasi, motilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa kelompok yang hanya diberi paparan asap rokok dan kelompok yang diberi paparan asap rokok dan madu. Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa madu 1 ml / hari dapat meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa. Kata kunci: madu, asap rokok, spermatozoa

scholarly journals Effects on Sperms’ Quality of Selegiline in Aged Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huba Kalász ◽  
Julianna Thuróczy ◽  
Gellért Karvaly ◽  
Lajos Balogh ◽  
István Gyertyán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Selegiline is used to treat Parkinsonian patients. Other indications of its use have recently been discovered. Objective: Scouting special and beneficial side effects of selegiline treatment. Method: Two-year old male Wistar rats were daily treated with 0.25 mg/kg of selegiline s.c. (subcutaneous injection). The rats were sacrificed following a four-weeks’ treatment. Results: Mass of testes, number of sperms, progressive motility of sperms, and their viability definitely increased. Conclusion: Selegiline can successfully be used to stop/counterbalance certain symptoms of aging.

scholarly journals Review: Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Propoelix terhadap Morfologi Motilitas dan Jumlah Sel Spermatozoa Tikus Wistar Jantan yang Diinduksi oleh Monosodium Glutamat

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Windya Nazmatur Rahmah
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Random Groups

Giving MSG can reduce the morphological quality, motility, and count of spermatozoa. Propoelix extract as an antioxidant is evidently capable of a non-enzymatic radical scavenger. This research aims at evaluating the effect of propoelix extract administration on sperm quality of MSG-induced male Wistar rats. Employing the post the only control group design, 18 rats aged 3 months were divided into 3 random groups, weighing ±250 gram. Propoelix extract was given orally for 21 days and on 22 days, cauda epididymis until the ampulla of vas deferens was cut in a glass jar that has been given 0,5 cc of 0,9% physiological solution. The result of spermatozoa morphology (%) in group K (54,5) group P1 (65) group P2 (76) was significantly higher, p < 0,05. Spermatozoa motility (%) in group K (41.3) group P1 (53.8) group P2 (65.3) were significantly higher, p < 0.05. The number of spermatozoa cells (million/ml) in group K (2.65), group P1 (3.63), group P2 (4.91) was significantly higher, p < 0.05. Conculatition of propoelix extract was able to improve the quality of the morphology, motility, and the count of spermatozoa of MSG-induced male Wistar rats.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN ANTARA EFEK PEMBERIAN VITAMIN C DAN VITAMIN E TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA TIKUS WISTAR (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) JANTAN SETELAH DIBERI PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Giovani Sitohang ◽  
Benny Wantouw ◽  
Edwin De Queljoe
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean

Abstract: Gaseous components of cigarette smoke have a potential to generate free radicals that can damage sperm. Vitamin C is water soluble and vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that is effective in dealing with free radicals. The aim of this research was to look at the differences between the effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on spermatozoa quality of male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) after exposure to cigarette smoke. Methods: This research used a completely randomized experimental design. The sample of the research were 15 male wistar rats which were randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e. group P0 was given exposure to smoke from 2 bars of cigarette without giving vitamin C and vitamin E, group P1 was given exposure to smoke from 2 bars of cigarette and vitamin C 1,8 mg / day and group P2 was given exposure to smoke from 2 bars of cigarette and vitamin E 1,44 mg / day. The treatment was given for 52 days. Results: The results of this research showed an increasing spermatozoa quality of group P1 and P2 compared with the group P0. The mean concentration of spermatozoa obtained on group P1 (78,78x106/ml) and group P2 (123,13 x106/ml). The mean motility of spermatozoa obtained on group P1 (72,00%) and group P2 (80,25%). The mean of normal morphology of spermatozoa obtained on group P1 (67,63%) and group P2 (74,00%). Conclusion: The conclusion from this research showed that there is a difference between spermatozoa quality of group treated with vitamin C and vitamin E after exposure to cigarette smoke, with vitamin E had an higher average on spermatozoa quality.Keywords: cigarette smoke, vitamin C, vitamin E, the quality of spermatozoaAbstrak: Latar Belakang: Komponen gas dari asap rokok berpotensi untuk menimbulkan radikal bebas yang dapat merusak spermatozoa. Vitamin C yang larut dalam air dan vitamin E yang larut dalam lemak merupakan antioksidan yang efektif dalam mengatasi radikal bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan efek antara pemberian vitamin C dan vitamin E terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan setelah diberi paparan asap rokok. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 15 tikus wistar jantan yang dibagi secara acak menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok P0 yang mendapat perlakuan paparan asap rokok 2 batang tanpa pemberian vitamin C dan vitamin E, kelompok P1 dengan perlakuan pemaparan asap rokok 2 batang dan vitamin C 1,8 mg/hari dan kelompok P2 dengan perlakuan pemaparan asap rokok 2 batang dan vitamin E 1,44 mg/hari. Perlakuan diberikan selama 52 hari. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kualitas spermatozoa kelompok P1 dan P2 dibandingkan dengan kelompok P0. Rata-rata konsentrasi spermatozoa kelompok P1 didapatkan (78,78x106/ml) dan kelompok P2 (123,13 x106/ml). Rata-rata motilitas spermatozoa kelompok P1 (72,00%) dan kelompok P2 (80,25%). Rata-rata morfologi normal spermatozoa kelompok P1 (67,63%) dan kelompok P2 (74,00%). Simpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan kualitas spermatozoa antara pemberian vitamin C dan vitamin E setelah pemaparan asap rokok, dengan vitamin E memiliki rata-rata kualitas spermatozoa lebih tinggi.Kata kunci: asap rokok, vitamin C, vitamin E, kualitas spermatozoa

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL STANDARDS OF VIPARIT LAJJALU (BIOPHYTUMSENSITIVUM LINN.) AND IT’S EFFECT ON SPERM AND QUALITY OF SPERM IN ADULT MALE WISTAR RAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 3029-3032
Author(s):  
D Zade
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The present study was undertaken to evaluate physicochemical standards of viparit lajjalu (biophytumsensitivum linn.) And its effect on sperm and quality of sperm in adult male wistar rat. In our daily activities, medicinal plants are widely used by traditional medical practitioners to treat various diseases. One of those used as traditional folk medicine is in various conditions such as stomach ache and burning sensation, inflammation, arthritis, wounds, gonorrhea, amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea, asthma, cough, degenerative joint disease, urinary calculus, diabetes, snake bite, viparitlajjalu (biophytumsensitivum linn) of the family oxalidaceae. It has ethanobotanical articles that explain the aphrodisiac activity and sterility activity of the same plant. Due to different opinions on the activity on sperm of b. Sensitivum linn, the proper scientific study should be done for an accurate conclusion of the effect on sperm. Thus, there is a requirement to study the effect of b. Sensitivum linn. And as positive control erandamoola(the root of ricinuscommunis linn.) On quantity and quality of sperms serum testosterone, serum fsh, lh, prolactin levels and testicular cells in adult male wistar rat. Reference standard randomized animal experimental study of 18 (3x 6 group) adult male wistar rats will be done as an animal model. The adult male wistar rats will be kept under observation for 4 to 5 days in a normal diet and environment before the intervention. Evaluation of physicochemical standards of viparitlajjalu (biophytumsensitivumlinn.) And its effect on sperm and quality of sperm in adult male wistar rat.according to the observation and results, an appropriate discussion and conclusion will be formulated.

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