Soy protein diet and exercise training increase relative bone volume and enhance bone microarchitecture in a mouse model of uremia

Ketogenic diets (KD) are reported to improve body weight, fat mass, and exercise performance in humans. Unfortunately, most rodent studies have used a low-protein KD, which does not recapitulate diets used by humans. Since skeletal muscle plays a critical role in responding to macronutrient perturbations induced by diet and exercise, the purpose of this study was to test if a normal-protein KD (NPKD) impacts shifts in skeletal muscle substrate oxidative capacity in response to exercise training (ExTr). A high fat, carbohydrate-deficient NPKD (16.1% protein, 83.9% fat, 0% carbohydrate) was given to C57BL/6J male mice for 6 weeks, while controls received a low fat diet with similar protein (15.9% protein, 11.9% fat, 72.2% carbohydrate). On week four of the diet, mice began treadmill training 5 days/week, 60 min/day for 3 weeks. NPKD-fed mice increased body weight and fat mass, while ExTr negated a continued rise in adiposity. ExTr increased intramuscular glycogen, while the NPKD increased intramuscular triglycerides. Neither the NPKD nor ExTr alone altered mitochondrial content; however, in combination, the NPKD-ExTr group showed increases in PGC-1α, as well as markers of mitochondrial fission and fusion. Pyruvate oxidative capacity was unchanged by either intervention, while ExTr increased leucine oxidation in NPKD-fed mice. Lipid metabolism pathways had the most notable changes as the NPKD and ExTr interventions both enhanced mitochondrial and peroxisomal lipid oxidation and many adaptations were additive or synergistic. Overall these results suggest a combination of a NPKD and ExTr induces additive and/or synergistic adaptations in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity.

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A moderately elevated soy protein diet mitigates inflammatory changes in gut and in bone turnover during chronic TNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2018-0514 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 595-605 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Corinne E. Metzger ◽

S. Anand Narayanan ◽

David C. Zawieja ◽

Susan A. Bloomfield

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Soy Protein ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The Impact ◽

Colitis Model

Inflammatory bowel disease is a condition that leads to gut pathologies such as abnormal lymphatic architecture, as well as to systemic comorbidities such as bone loss. Furthermore, current therapies are limited to low efficacy and incur side effects. Dietary interventions have been explored minimally, but may provide a treatment for improving gut outcomes and comorbidities. Indeed, plant-based soy protein has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we tested the impact of a moderately elevated soy protein diet in a chronic, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model on gut and bone inflammatory-mediated pathophysiological adaptations. Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of TNBS. Gut histopathology was scored, and lymphatic structural changes and the local inflammatory state were assessed via immunofluorescence. In addition, the effects of gut inflammation on bone turnover and osteocyte proteins were determined via histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The moderately elevated soy protein diet produced improvements in both colonic and bone tissues. In TNBS animals given the soy protein intervention, colon histological scores were reduced and the abnormal lymphatic architecture resolved. There were also improvements in bone formation and reduced bone resorption. In addition, TNBS increased inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand in the gut and bone, but this was resolved in both tissues with the dietary soy protein intervention. The moderately elevated soy protein diet mitigated gut and bone inflammation in a chronic, TNBS-induced colitis model, demonstrating the potential for soy protein as a potential anti-inflammatory dietary intervention for inflammatory bowel disease.

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Reduction in Mucosal Barrier Markers with Soy Protein Diet but not Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in DSS-Treated Mice

10.31274/etd-180810-1957 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Huanyi Jiang

Keyword(s):

Soy Protein ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Mucosal Barrier ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg

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A high-protein diet or combination exercise training to improve metabolic health in individuals with long-standing spinal cord injury: a pilot randomized study

Physiological Reports ◽

10.14814/phy2.13813 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (16) ◽

pp. e13813 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jia Li ◽

Keith F. L. Polston ◽

Mualla Eraslan ◽

C. Scott Bickel ◽

Samuel T. Windham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Randomized Study ◽

High Protein Diet ◽

Metabolic Health ◽

High Protein ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Cord Injury

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The Lichfield bone study: the skeletal response to exercise in healthy young men

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00788.2011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 112 (4) ◽

pp. 615-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kyriacos I. Eleftheriou ◽

Jaikirty S. Rawal ◽

Anthony Kehoe ◽

Laurence E. James ◽

John R. Payne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Young Men ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Femoral Bone ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Short Term ◽

Limb Dominance

The skeletal response to short-term exercise training remains poorly described. We thus studied the lower limb skeletal response of 723 Caucasian male army recruits to a 12-wk training regime. Femoral bone volume was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging, bone ultrastructure by quantitative ultrasound (QUS), and bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip. Left hip BMD increased with training (mean ± SD: 0.85 ± 3.24, 2.93 ± 4.85, and 1.89 ± 2.85% for femoral neck, Ward's area, and total hip, respectively; all P < 0.001). Left calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation rose 3.57 ± 0.5% ( P < 0.001), and left and right femoral cortical volume by 1.09 ± 4.05 and 0.71 ± 4.05%, respectively ( P = 0.0001 and 0.003), largely through the rise in periosteal volume (0.78 ± 3.14 and 0.59 ± 2.58% for right and left, respectively, P < 0.001) with endosteal volumes unchanged. Before training, DXA and QUS measures were independent of limb dominance. However, the dominant femur had higher periosteal (25,991.49 vs. 2,5572 mm3, P < 0.001), endosteal (6,063.33 vs. 5,983.12 mm3, P = 0.001), and cortical volumes (19,928 vs. 19,589.56 mm3, P = 0.001). Changes in DXA, QUS, and magnetic resonance imaging measures were independent of limb dominance. We show, for the first time, that short-term exercise training in young men is associated not only with a rise in human femoral BMD, but also in femoral bone volume, the latter largely through a periosteal response.

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Adiponectin-leptin ratio increases after a 12-week very low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and exercise training in healthy individuals: A non-randomized, parallel-group study

Nutrition Research ◽

10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.012 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lukas Cipryan ◽

Tomas Dostal ◽

Daniel J. Plews ◽

Peter Hofmann ◽

Paul B. Laursen

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

High Fat ◽

Parallel Group Study ◽

Parallel Group ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

Low Carbohydrate

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Bone Micro-CT Assessments in an Orchidectomised Rat Model Supplemented withEurycoma longifolia

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/501858 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rosmaliza Ramli ◽

Mohd Fadhli Khamis ◽

Ahmad Nazrun Shuid

Keyword(s):

Trabecular Bone ◽

Bone Microarchitecture ◽

Bone Volume ◽

High Dose ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Elderly Male ◽

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia ◽

Induced Changes

Recent studies suggested thatEurycoma longifolia, a herbal plant, may have the potential to treat osteoporosis in elderly male. This study aimed to determine the effects ofEurycoma longifoliasupplementation on the trabecular bone microarchitecture of orchidectomised rats (androgen-deficient osteoporosis model). Forty-eight-aged (10–12 months old)Sprague Dawleyrats were divided into six groups of sham-operated (SHAM), orchidectomised control (ORX), orchidectomised + 7 mg/rat testosterone enanthate (TEN) and orchidectomised +Eurycoma longifolia30 mg/kg (EL30), orchidectomised +Eurycoma longifolia60 mg/kg (EL60), orchidectomised +Eurycoma longifolia90 mg/kg (EL90). Rats were euthanized following six weeks of treatment. The left femora were used to measure the trabecular bone microarchitecture using micro-CT. Orchidectomy significantly decreased connectivity density, trabecular bone volume, and trabecular number compared to the SHAM group. Testosterone replacement reversed all the orchidectomy-induced changes in the micro-CT parameters. EL at 30 and 60 mg/kg rat worsened the trabecular bone connectivity density and trabecular separation parameters of orchidectomised rats. EL at 90 mg/kg rat preserved the bone volume. High dose of EL (90 mg/kg) may have potential in preserving the bone microarchitecture of orchidectomised rats, but lower doses may further worsen the osteoporotic changes.

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