Correction to: Mortality burden associated with all-cause pneumonia among adults with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and malignancies: a population-based comparative study for informed decision-making in public health policies

An acceleration index is proposed as a novel indicator to track the dynamics of COVID-19 in real-time. Using data on cases and tests in France for the period between the first and second lock-downs—May 13 to October 25, 2020—our acceleration index shows that the pandemic resurgence can be dated to begin around July 7. It uncovers that the pandemic acceleration was stronger than national average for the [59–68] and especially the 69 and older age groups since early September, the latter being associated with the strongest acceleration index, as of October 25. In contrast, acceleration among the [19–28] age group was the lowest and is about half that of the [69–78]. In addition, we propose an algorithm to allocate tests among French “départements” (roughly counties), based on both the acceleration index and the feedback effect of testing. Our acceleration-based allocation differs from the actual distribution over French territories, which is population-based. We argue that both our acceleration index and our allocation algorithm are useful tools to guide public health policies as France might possibly enter a third lock-down period with indeterminate duration.

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Advancing public health policy making through research on the political strategies of alcohol industry actors

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdz031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 262-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jim McCambridge ◽

Kypros Kypri ◽

Trevor A Sheldon ◽

Mary Madden ◽

Thomas F Babor

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Political Influence ◽

Health Policies ◽

The Political ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Public Health Policies ◽

Alcohol Policies ◽

Alcohol Industry ◽

Mortality Burden ◽

Global Influence

Abstract Development and implementation of evidence-based policies is needed in order to ameliorate the rising toll of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Alcohol is a key cause of the mortality burden and alcohol policies are under-developed. This is due in part to the global influence of the alcohol industry. We propose that a better understanding of the methods and the effectiveness of alcohol industry influence on public health policies will support efforts to combat such influence, and advance global health. Many of the issues on the research agenda we propose will inform, and be informed by, research into the political influence of other commercial actors.

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The Influence of Cultural and Policy Intervention on Medical Values: Based on Chinese Theories and Empirical Research

10.21203/rs.3.rs-31005/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wei He ◽

Huan liu ◽

Tian Tian Hu

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Decision Making ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Health Management ◽

Traditional Culture ◽

Health Policies ◽

Policy Intervention ◽

Public Health Policies ◽

Disease Occurrence ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background People's view of value medical care has taken on a great change, and then transferred to medical treatment behaviors and medical decision-making.Methods Based on the data of the Chinese Health Service Survey and the CLHLS survey database, this paper empirically tests the impact of traditional culture and policy protection on value medical care from the perspective of disease occurrence and the laws of life course.Results The results show that cultural traditions have a greater impact on the medical values of urban residents than that of rural residents, and the income level has significantly increased the level of medical expenditures one month before the end of life. Borne by the spouse or children living together or subsidized by the state or collective, the elderly who have no money to pay for the medical consumption will have a significantly lower medical expenses in the month before death. Conclusions Based on this, the article explores the importance of constructing effective health management policies and medical consumption guidance from two aspects of health value concept and value medical treatment, in order to promote people to form better medical consumption habits and health management concepts .Highlights1.In the course of illness, there are more patients who seek medical treatment in the early stages of the disease, but at the end of life there is excessive consumption of medical resources.2.The medical consumption habits in a country ’s traditional culture will affect the current decision-making for medical treatment. At the same time, medical insurance policies and public health policies will also have a greater impact on their behavior, but the formation of a valued medical concept may be more affected by traditional culture. .3.Through the research on the impact of disease occurrence law and life course law on the formation of value medical concept, it provides reliable support for promoting multi-level medical insurance system and improving the protection of basic public health policies. Policy intervention needs to combine the medical habits under the traditional culture and implement it to the supply of primary health services, guide medical consumption behavior through protection policies, control medical consumption, and enhance the value of medical consumption.

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Data as promise: Reconfiguring Danish public health through personalized medicine

Social Studies of Science ◽

10.1177/0306312719858697 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 531-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Klaus Hoeyer

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Personalized Medicine ◽

Population Based ◽

Data Driven ◽

Health Policies ◽

Public Health Policies ◽

Roles And Responsibilities ◽

Population Science ◽

The Individual ◽

Existing Data

‘Personalized medicine’ might sound like the very antithesis of population science and public health, with the individual taking the place of the population. However, in practice, personalized medicine generates heavy investments in the population sciences – particularly in data-sourcing initiatives. Intensified data sourcing implies new roles and responsibilities for patients and health professionals, who become responsible not only for data contributions, but also for responding to new uses of data in personalized prevention, drawing upon detailed mapping of risk distribution in the population. Although this population-based ‘personalization’ of prevention and treatment is said to be about making the health services ‘data-driven’, the policies and plans themselves use existing data and evidence in a very selective manner. It is as if data-driven decision-making is a promise for an unspecified future, not a demand on its planning in the present. I therefore suggest interrogating how ‘promissory data’ interact with ideas about accountability in public health policies, and also with the data initiatives that the promises bring about. Intensified data collection might not just be interesting for what it allows authorities to do and know, but also for how its promises of future evidence can be used to postpone action and sidestep uncomfortable knowledge in the present.

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Tracking the Dynamics and Allocating Tests for COVID-19 in Real-Time: an Acceleration Index with an Application to French Age Groups and Départements*

10.1101/2020.11.05.20226597 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christelle Baunez ◽

Mickael Degoulet ◽

Stéphane Luchini ◽

Patrick A. Pintus ◽

Miriam Teschl

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Real Time ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Jel Classification ◽

National Average ◽

Health Policies ◽

Age Group ◽

Actual Distribution ◽

Public Health Policies

AbstractAn acceleration index is proposed as a novel indicator to track the dynamics of the COVID-19 in real-time. Using French data on cases and tests for the period following the first lock-down - from May 13, 2020, onwards - our acceleration index shows that the ongoing pandemic resurgence can be dated to begin around July 7. It uncovers that the pandemic acceleration has been stronger than national average for the [59 − 68] and especially the 69 and older age groups since early September, the latter being associated with the strongest acceleration index, as of October 25. In contrast, acceleration among the [19 − 28] age group is the lowest and is about half that of the [69 − 78], as of October 25. In addition, we propose an algorithm to allocate tests among French départements, based on both the acceleration index and the feedback effect of testing. Our acceleration-based allocation differs from the actual distribution over French territories, which is population-based. We argue that both our acceleration index and our allocation algorithm are useful tools to guide public health policies as France enters a second lock-down period with indeterminate duration.JEL Classification NumbersI18; H12

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Person, Place, and Time: Monitoring the Geographical and Temporal Context of Public Health Policies

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e507502013-086 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Chaiton

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Policies ◽

Temporal Context ◽

Public Health Policies

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Epidemiological, Virological and Serological Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Wuhan: A Population-based Cohort Study

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1186 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiao Huang ◽

Nianhua Xie ◽

Xuejiao Hu ◽

Han Yan ◽

Jie Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Population Based ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Viral Shedding ◽

Signal Value ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background We aimed to describe the epidemiological, virological, and serological features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Methods This population-based cohort study identified all COVID-19 cases among all PLWH in Wuhan, China, by 16 April 2020. The epidemiological, virological, and serological features were analyzed based on the demographic data, temporal profile of nucleic acid test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the disease, and SARS-CoV-2–specific immunoglobin (Ig) M and G after recovery. Results From 1 January to 16 April 2020, 35 of 6001 PLWH experienced COVID-19, with a cumulative incidence of COVID-19 of 0.58% (95% confidence interval [CI], .42–.81%). Among the COVID-19 cases, 15 (42.86) had severe illness, with 2 deaths. The incidence, case-severity, and case-fatality rates of COVID-19 in PLWH were comparable to those in the entire population in Wuhan. There were 197 PLWH who had discontinued combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), 4 of whom experienced COVID-19. Risk factors for COVID-19 were age ≥50 years old and cART discontinuation. The median duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding among confirmed COVID-19 cases in PLWH was 30 days (interquartile range, 20–46). Cases with high HIV viral loads (≥20 copies/mL) had lower IgM and IgG levels than those with low HIV viral loads (<20 copies/ml; median signal value divided by the cutoff value [S/CO] for IgM, 0.03 vs 0.11, respectively [P < .001]; median S/CO for IgG, 10.16 vs 17.04, respectively [P = .069]). Conclusions Efforts are needed to maintain the persistent supply of antiretroviral treatment to elderly PLWH aged 50 years or above during the COVID-19 epidemic. The coinfection of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 might change the progression and prognosis of COVID-19 patients in PLWH.

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Population simulations of COVID-19 outbreaks provide tools for risk assessment and continuity planning

JAMIA Open ◽

10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaa074 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Peng ◽

Rowland W Pettit ◽

Christopher I Amos

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Robustness Analysis ◽

Health Policies ◽

Command Line ◽

Public Health Policies ◽

Continuity Planning ◽

Quantitative Estimates ◽

Community Infection

Abstract Objectives We developed COVID-19 Outbreak Simulator (https://ictr.github.io/covid19-outbreak-simulator/) to quantitatively estimate the effectiveness of preventative and interventive measures to prevent and battle COVID-19 outbreaks for specific populations. Materials and methods Our simulator simulates the entire course of infection and transmission of the virus among individuals in heterogeneous populations, subject to operations and influences, such as quarantine, testing, social distancing, and community infection. It provides command-line and Jupyter notebook interfaces and a plugin system for user-defined operations. Results The simulator provides quantitative estimates for COVID-19 outbreaks in a variety of scenarios and assists the development of public health policies, risk-reduction operations, and emergency response plans. Discussion Our simulator is powerful, flexible, and customizable, although successful applications require realistic estimation and robustness analysis of population-specific parameters. Conclusion Risk assessment and continuity planning for COVID-19 outbreaks are crucial for the continued operation of many organizations. Our simulator will be continuously expanded to meet this need.

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