Human gut commensal bacterium Ruminococcus species FMB-CY1 completely degrades the granules of resistant starch

Author(s):  
Yeong-Sik Hong ◽  
Dong-Hyun Jung ◽  
Won-Hyong Chung ◽  
Young-Do Nam ◽  
Ye-Jin Kim ◽  
...  
1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H Cummings ◽  
Emily R Beatty ◽  
Susan M Kingman ◽  
Sheila A Bingham ◽  
Hans N Englyst

The digestion of four sources of resistant starch (RS) has been studied in twelve healthy volunteers who ate controlled diets for 15 d periods. RS from potato, banana, wheat and maize (17−30 g/d) was compared with a starch-free diet, a diet containing wheat starch that was fully digested in the small intestine, and with 18·4 g NSP from bran/d. RS increased stool wet weight by 1·6 g/d per g RS fed for potato, 1·7 for banana, 2·5 for wheat and 2·7 for maize, but this was significantly less than bran NSP at 4·9 g/g. RS was extensively digested in twenty-seven of thirtyfour diet periods but five subjects were unable to break down one or two of the RS sources. Faecal N and energy excretion were increased. RS decreased NSP breakdown and RS2(resistant starch granules) tended to prolong transit time. All forms of RS increased faecal total short-chain fatty acid excretion. RS2(from potato and banana) gave greater proportions of acetate in faeces, and RS3(retrograded starch from wheat and maize) more propionate. We have concluded that RS2and RS3are broken down in the human gut, probably in the colon although in 26% of cases this breakdown was impaired. RS exerts mild laxative properties, predominantly through stimulation of biomass excretion but also through some sparing of NSP breakdown.


2019 ◽  
pp. 1800231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waraporn Sorndech ◽  
Sureelak Rodtong ◽  
Andreas Blennow ◽  
Sunanta Tongta

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijaya Upadhyaya ◽  
Lacey McCormack ◽  
Ali Reza Fardin-Kia ◽  
Robert Juenemann ◽  
Sailendra Nichenametla ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 5415-5421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Lesmes ◽  
Emma J. Beards ◽  
Glenn R. Gibson ◽  
Kieran M. Tuohy ◽  
Eyal Shimoni

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1904-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hyun Jung ◽  
Ga-Young Kim ◽  
In-Young Kim ◽  
Dong-Ho Seo ◽  
Young-Do Nam ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hyun Jung ◽  
Dong-Ho Seo ◽  
Ye-Jin Kim ◽  
Won-Hyong Chung ◽  
Young-Do Nam ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Hayashi ◽  
Yong Lai ◽  
Mark Mimee ◽  
Timothy K Lu

Sophisticated gene circuits built by synthetic biology can enable bacteria to sense their environment and respond predictably. Biosensing bacteria can potentially probe the human gut microbiome to prevent, diagnose, or treat disease. To provide robust biocontainment for engineered bacteria, we devised a Cas9-assisted auxotrophic biocontainment system combining thymidine auxotrophy, an Engineered Riboregulator (ER) for controlled gene expression, and a CRISPR Device (CD). The CD prevents the engineered bacteria from acquiring thyA via horizontal gene transfer, which would disrupt the biocontainment system, and inhibits the spread of genetic elements by killing bacteria harboring the gene cassette. This system tunably controlled gene expression in the human gut commensal bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, prevented escape from thymidine auxotrophy, and blocked transgene dissemination for at least 10 days. These capabilities were validated in vitro and in vivo. This biocontainment system exemplifies a powerful strategy for bringing genetically engineered microorganisms safely into biomedicine.


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