scholarly journals Toxocariasis: Clinical Aspects, Epidemiology, Medical Ecology, and Molecular Aspects

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Despommier
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
And Control

SUMMARY Toxocariasis is caused by a series of related nematode species (ascarids) that routinely infect dogs and cats throughout the world. The eggs from these ascarids are common environmental contaminants of human habitation, due largely to the fact that many kinds of dogs and cats serve as pets, while countless others run wild throughout the streets of most urban centers. The eggs, present in dog and cat feces, become infectious within weeks after they are deposited in the local environment (e.g., sandboxes, city parks, and public beaches, etc.). Humans, particularly children, frequently ingest these eggs by accident and become infected. Infection in humans, in contrast to their definitive hosts, remains occult, often resulting in disease caused by the migrating larval stages. Visceral larva migrans (VLM) and ocular larva migrans (OLM) are two clinical manifestations that result in definable syndromes and present as serious health problems wherever they occur. Diagnosis and treatment of VLM and OLM are difficult. These issues are summarized in this review, with emphasis on the ecology of transmission and control of spread to both humans and animals through public health initiatives employing treatment of pets and environmental intervention strategies that limit the areas that dogs and cats are allowed within the confines of urban centers.

scholarly journals Syphilis Diagnosis through Oral Lesions of Different Clinical Aspects: Report of 3 Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Matheus Bruno Costa ◽  
Erika Terumi Tomisaki ◽  
Fabio Augusto Ito ◽  
Heliton Gustavo de Lima ◽  
Willian Ricardo Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Benzathine Penicillin ◽  
Incisional Biopsy ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
And Control

Abstract Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection, caused by the anaerobic spirochete Treponema pallidum. It is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations including the oral mucosa, mimicking several diseases, thereby making diagnosis a challenge for clinicians. Therefore, the objective of this work is to report three cases of syphilis that were diagnosed based on oral lesions of different clinical aspects. In this series of cases, the lesions were found on the tongue and hard palate and presented as white plaques, ulcers or erythematous spots associated with ulcers. In the two cases, incisional biopsy was performed, and the histopathological aspects were suggestive of syphilis. Treponemic and non-treponemic tests were positive for all the patients, confirming syphilis. Therapy with benzathine-penicillin, administered intramuscularly led to complete remission of oral lesions in all the patients. The syphilis reemergence in the last years demands its inclusion in the differential diagnosis of several oral lesions. Diagnosing syphilis by oral lesions can be difficult once it can mimic other conditions. Therefore, dentists should know the clinical aspects of this infection, since many cases may exhibit only oral manifestations, to help in the diagnosis and control of the infection spread. Keywords: Syphilis. Treponemal Infections. Oral Manifestations. ResumoA sífilis é uma infecção sexualmente transmissível, causada pela espiroqueta anaeróbia Treponema pallidum. É caracterizada por uma variedade de manifestações clínicas, incluindo a mucosa oral, podendo mimetizar várias doenças, tornando o diagnóstico um desafio. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar três casos de sífilis diagnosticados a partir de lesões orais de diferentes aspectos clínicos. Nesta série de casos, as lesões foram encontradas na língua e palato duro e apresentadas como placas brancas, úlceras ou manchas eritematosas associadas a úlceras. Em dois casos, foi realizada biópsia incisional e os aspectos histopatológicos foram sugestivos de sífilis. Os testes treponêmicos e não treponêmicos foram positivos para todos os pacientes, confirmando a sífilis. A terapia com penicilina benzatina, administrada por via intramuscular, levou à remissão completa das lesões orais em todos os pacientes. O ressurgimento da sífilis nos últimos anos exige sua inclusão no diagnóstico diferencial de várias lesões bucais. O diagnóstico da sífilis por lesões orais pode ser difícil, pois pode mimetizar outras condições. Portanto, o dentista deve conhecer os aspectos clínicos dessa infecção, pois muitos casos podem apresentar apenas manifestações orais, para auxiliar no diagnóstico e controle da disseminação da infecção. Palavras-chave: Sífilis. Infecção Treponêmica. Manifestações Orais.

Residual Gas Reaction in the Electron Microscope: II The Design of a Gas-Control Chamber for Quantitative Observations

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
Chester J. Calbick ◽  
Richard E. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Ion Pump ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Differential Pumping ◽  
And Control

Quantitative studies of the phenomenon associated with reactions induced by the electron beam between specimens and gases present in the electron microscope require precise knowledge and control of the local environment experienced by the portion of the specimen in the electron beam. Because of outgassing phenomena, the environment at the irradiated portion of the specimen is very different from that in any place where gas pressures and compositions can be measured. We have found that differential pumping of the specimen chamber by a 4" Orb-Ion pump, following roughing by a zeolite sorption pump, can produce a specimen-chamber pressure 100- to 1000-fold less than that in the region below the objective lens.

Polymyalgia Rheumatica - a Disease of the Elderly

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-154
Author(s):  
Vasilica Cristescu ◽  
Aurelia Romila ◽  
Luana Andreea Macovei
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell Arteritis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Polymyalgia Rheumatica ◽  
Temporal Arteritis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Immune Disorder ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Polymyalgia rheumatica is a disease that occurs mostly in the elderly and is rarely seen in patients less than 50 years of age. Polymyalgia rheumatica is a vasculitis, which manifests itself as an inflammatory disease of the vascular wall that can affect any type of blood vessel, regardless of its size. It has been considered a form of giant cell arteritis, involving primarily large and medium arteries and to a lesser extent the arterioles. Clinical manifestations are caused by the generic pathogenic process and depend on the characteristics of the damaged organ. PMR is a senescence-related immune disorder. It has been defined as a stand-alone condition and a syndrome referred to as rheumatic polyarteritis with manifestations of giant cell arteritis (especially in cases of Horton�s disease and temporal arteritis) which are commonly associated with polymyalgia. The clinical presentation is clearly dominated by the painful girdle syndrome, with a feeling of general discomfort. Polymyalgia and temporal arteritis may coexist or be consecutive to each other in the same patient, as in most of our patients. The present study describes 3 cases of polymyalgia rheumatica, admitted to the Clinic of Rheumatology of Sf. Apostol Andrei Hospital, Galati. The cases were compared with the literature. Two clinical aspects (polymyalgia rheumatica and/or Horton�s disease) and the relationship between them were also considered. Polymyalgia rheumatica is currently thought to have a multifactorial etiology, in which the following factors play a role: genetic factors or hereditary predisposition (some individuals are more prone to this disease), immune factors and viral infections (triggers of the disease). Other risk factors of polymyalgia rheumatica include age over 50 years and the association with giant cell arteritis. The characteristic feature of the disease is girdle pain, with intense stiffness of at least one hour�s duration. Markers of inflammation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein are almost always increased at the onset of the disease. Diseases that can mimic the clinical picture of polymyalgia rheumatica are neoplasia, infections, metabolic disorders of the bone and endocrine diseases.

Asymptotic Behavior in Slumping From a Cylindrical Tank

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Bai ◽  
W. Johnson ◽  
R. G. M. Low ◽  
S. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Substance Flows ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work

When an oil tank collapses or ruptures any contained hazardous substance flows outwards and can damage nearby plant or people as well as lead to pollution of the local environment. In recent years, this and similar subjects have given rise to a new kind of engineering—spill prevention and control. However, theoretical background, backed by experiment, is lacking to work out reliable regulations. An intermediate-asymptotic analysis for late-stage spreading is carried out in this paper. This analysis reveals several characteristic features of the spill wave such as transition period and linear relationships between spreading area and time, and wave front velocity and the inverse of zone radius. Most of the latter results have been verified by model experiment. This paper also discusses the discrepancies between observations and the theory suggested in a recent UK Health and Safety Executive report. Finally, the present paper puts forward proper modeling rules for future work.

scholarly journals Focus on localized laryngeal amyloidosis: management of five cases

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Massimo Mesolella ◽  
Gerardo Petruzzi ◽  
Sarah Buono ◽  
Grazia Salerno ◽  
Francesco Antonio Salzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Laryngeal Amyloidosis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Localized Laryngeal Amyloidosis

AbstractAmyloidosis is a group of idiopathic clinical syndromes caused by the deposition of insoluble fibrillar proteins (amyloid) in the extracellular matrix of organs and tissues. These deposits disrupt the function of the target organ. Amyloidosis can manifest as a systemic disease or a single-organ involvement (local form). Its etiology still remains unclear. Deposits of amyloid in the larynx are rare, accounting for between 0.2 and 1.2% of benign tumors of the larynx. In this retrospective study, we report the clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of five female patients with localized laryngeal amyloidosis without systemic involvement. The patients were all treated successfully using microlaryngoscopy with CO2 laser or cold instruments. Prognosis is excellent; however, appropriate follow-up is an important part of the long-term management of this disease in order to prevent and control the possibility of local recurrence.

Clinical and molecular epidemic characterization of rotavirus infection among children under five years old in Shandong province, China.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixiao Dong ◽  
Deyu Huang ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Guanyou Zhang ◽  
Fengjuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Rotavirus was the an important causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in children. In China, rotavirus was positive in approximately 30% of the diarrhea children and become a serious public problem. This study was carried out to investigate the clinical and molecular epidemic characterization of rotavirus infection among children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea in Shandong province, China. From July 2017 to June 2018, a total of 1211 fecal specimens were detected and the prevalence of rotavirus infection was 32.12%. The mean age of positive children was 12.2 ± 10.9 months and the highest infection rate was observed in children aged 7–12 months with a rate of 41.64%. G9P[8] (76.61%) was the most prevalent combinations followed by G2P[4] (7.20%), G3P[8] (3.60%) and G9P[4] (2.06%). In addition to diarrhea, vomiting, fever and dehydration were the most common accompanied symptoms. In general, there was no significant difference in clinical manifestations among different age groups. However, the clinical manifestations between vaccinated and unvaccinated children were significantly different. Vaccinated children showed lower incidence and frequency of vomiting, lower incidence and degree of dehydration, lower incidence of severe cases than unvaccinated children. The findings suggested necessary to continue rotavirus strains surveillance in order to monitor the change of prevalent genotype. Moreover, introducing vaccine into national immunization program to prevent and control rotavirus infections is needed in China.

Recovery after relief of fetal urinary obstruction: morphological, functional and molecular aspects

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (1) ◽  
pp. F26-F37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Edouga ◽  
Brigitte Hugueny ◽  
Bernard Gasser ◽  
Laurence Bussières ◽  
Kathleen Laborde
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Fetal Lamb ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Glomerular Development ◽  
And Control

The effects of obstruction [urinary tract obstruction (UTO)] and relief on renal development were examined in an experimental model in the fetal lamb. Bladder outlet obstruction was performed at 60 days of gestation; relief was performed by vesicoamniotic shunting at 90 days of gestation. Studies were carried out in obstructed (OF60; n = 11), shunted (SF; n = 5), and control fetuses (CF; n= 11) at 120 days of gestation. Fetal UTO produced either hydronephrosis (64%) or dysplasia (36%); dysplasia was always associated with a reduction in the number of glomeruli [950 ± 99 (dysplasia) vs. 1,852 ± 249 (CF) glomeruli/section]. Obstructed fetuses had lower creatinine clearance [0.76 ± 0.41 (OF60) vs. 0.96 ± 0.21 (CF) ml · min−1· kg−1], higher sodium fractional excretion [17.2 ± 20.3 (OF60) vs. 2.4 ± 3.7% (CF)], and higher urinary concentration [80 ± 30 (OF60) vs. 43 ± 22 (CF) μmol/l] than controls. In SF, the number of glomeruli was increased at 120 days of gestation (1,643 ± 106 glomeruli/section) compared with nondiverted fetuses (1,379 ± 502 glomeruli/section), and the temporal pattern of PAX2, disrupted after obstruction, was restored. In conclusion, early fetal UTO leads to either renal hydronephrosis with normal glomerular development or dysplasia with a decreased number of glomeruli; in utero urine diversion performed before the end of nephrogenesis may allow a reversal of the glomerulogenesis arrest observed.

scholarly journals A MicroRNA Perspective on Cardiovascular Development and Diseases: An Update

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Islas ◽  
Jorge Moreno-Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Personal Approach ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Heart Disorders

In this review, we summarize the latest research pertaining to MicroRNAs (miRs) related to cardiovascular diseases. In today’s molecular age, the key clinical aspects of diagnosing and treating these type of diseases are crucial, and miRs play an important role. Therefore, we have made a thorough analysis discussing the most important candidate protagonists of many pathways relating to such conditions as atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and congenital heart disorders. We approach miRs initially from the fundamental molecular aspects and look at their role in developmental pathways, as well as regulatory mechanisms dysregulated under specific cardiovascular conditions. By doing so, we can better understand their functional roles. Next, we look at therapeutic aspects, including delivery and inhibition techniques. We conclude that a personal approach for treatment is paramount, and so understanding miRs is strategic for cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Clinical, Aetiologic, And Evolution-Related Aspects Of Pleurisy In Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Frecus Corina ◽  
Balasa Adriana ◽  
Ungureanu Adina ◽  
Mihai Larisia ◽  
Cuzic Viviana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Radiologic Imaging ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Group Distribution ◽  
Clinical Emergency

Abstract Objectives: Establishing the frequency of pleurisy from the total number of admissions in the Paediatrics Department, as well as the frequency of pleurisy from the total number of respiratory ailments that required hospitalization; evaluating age group distribution and determining the influence of environmental factors; describing clinical manifestations, laboratory, radiologic, and bacteriological investigations in patients with pleurisy; quantifying clinical manifestations and investigations so as to establish an appropriate therapeutic approach; identifying clinical aspects that indicate a favourable/unfavourable evolution; analyzing the evolution of cases after treatment as revealed by radiologic imaging. Method: Retrospective study on 47 patients diagnosed with pleurisy and admitted in the Paediatrics Department of Constanta Clinical Emergency Hospital, over a span of 3 years (2011-2013), based on data collected from observation sheets. Results: A downward trend in what regards the frequency of pleurisy can be observed from 2011 to 2013. Rural provenience and other environmental factors continue to play an important role. Clinical manifestations tend to be more significant for younger patients and they are directly related to the specific pathogen identified during laboratory investigations. Conclusion: Following an early diagnosis and a subsequent adequate treatment, evolution tends to be favourable in most cases, although certain post-hospitalization measures still need to be implemented in order to ensure full recovery and restitution ad integrum.

scholarly journals Aflatoxins: A Brief Review of their Chemical Properties, Toxicological Effects and Control Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Eloiza Sarmento Amoras ◽  
Anderson Luiz Pena Costa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Vegetable Foods ◽  
And Control

Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by the fungi of the genus Aspergillus. These substances cause food poisoning with clinical manifestations that vary according to the time of exposure and concentration of the dose ingested, representing a serious public health problem for compromising the food security, also causing considerable economic losses both in the production of stocked vegetable foods, as well as in the livestock contaminated with these substances through the feed. Therefore, this literature review aims to introduce some aspects related to the contamination of food by the fungi of the genus Aspergillus, the chemical and toxicological properties of the aflatoxins, as well as the strategies of control to avoid them in food.

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