scholarly journals Comparison of non-invasive Staphylococcus aureus sampling methods on lesional skin in patients with atopic dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heimo Lagler ◽  
Christine Bangert ◽  
Tamara Quint ◽  
Zoe Österreicher ◽  
Alina Nussbaumer-Pröll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Tape Stripping ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Skin Disinfection ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
No Gold Standard

Abstract There is evidence that Staphylococcus aureus colonisation is linked to severity of atopic dermatitis. As no gold standard for S. aureus sampling on atopic dermatitis skin lesions exists, this study compared three commonly used methods. In addition, effectiveness of standard skin disinfection to remove S. aureus colonisation from these inflamed skin lesions was investigated. In 30 atopic dermatitis patients, three different S. aureus sampling methods, i.e. detergent scrubbing, moist swabbing and tape stripping, were performed on naïve and disinfected skin lesions. Two different S. aureus selective media, mannitol salt agar and chromID agar, were used for bacterial growing. Quantifying the S. aureus load varied significantly between the different sampling methods on naïve skin lesions ranging from mean 51 to 1.5 × 104 CFU/cm2 (p < 0.001). The qualitative detection on naïve skin was highest with the two detergent-based techniques (86% each), while for tape stripping, this value was 67% (all on chromID agar). In comparison, mannitol salt agar was less sensitive (p < 0.001). The disinfection of the skin lesions led to a significant reduction of the S. aureus load (p < 0.05) but no complete eradication in the case of previously positive swab. The obtained data highlight the importance of the selected sampling method and consecutive S. aureus selection agar plates to implement further clinical studies for the effectiveness of topical anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. Other disinfection regimes should be considered in atopic dermatitis patients when complete de-colonisation of certain skin areas is required, e.g. for surgical procedures.

Skin and Nasal Colonization with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Tamer Mohamed ◽  
Izzedin Abushaikha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Dermatology Clinic ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with multifactorial etiologies, Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and methicillinresistant S.aureus (MRSA) that naturally colonize skin and nose are prevalent among children with AD. Objectives: was to determine the prevalence of S.aureus and MRSA colonization of skin lesions and nose of AD children. Methodology: 40 children diagnosed as AD from Dermatology Clinic of Najran Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia, were included in the study; separate swabs from skin lesions & nose of each AD patient were tested for S.aureus and MRSA colonization using the conventional culture based Vitek 2 system and the molecular BD Max MRSA XT assay. Results: Using the conventional Vitek 2 system, the prevalence of skin and nasal colonization with S.aureus in AD patients were 25% and 30% respectively while skin and nasal colonization with MRSA were 7.5% and 7.5% respectively, the BD Max MRSA XT assay identified correctly S.aureus with overall 96 % sensitivity, 100 % specificity and 98 % diagnostic accuracy and identified 100 % of MRSA strains. Conclusion: The increase in prevalence of skin and nasal colonization with S.aureus and MRSA among AD children raises the concern about importance of the accurate and rapid molecular diagnostic techniques for preventing the potential risk of MRSA transmission

Staphylococcus Aureus in the Anterior Nares and Subungual Spaces of the Hands in Atopic Dermatitis

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Nishijima ◽  
S Namura ◽  
T Higashida ◽  
S Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Skin Lesions

We examined the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in the anterior nares and the subungual spaces of the hands of patients with atopic dermatitis to determine whether the presence of S. aureus at these sites may contribute to the aggravation of the dermatitic skin lesions. The prevalence of S. aureus in the anterior nares of patients with atopic dermatitis was over five times higher than that in the anterior nares of patients with other skin diseases or in healthy adult controls, and the prevalence of S. aureus in the subungual spaces was 10 times higher in patients with atopic dermatitis than in those with other skin diseases or in controls. Both the anterior nares and the subungual spaces of the hands are important reservoirs of S. aureus in atopic dermatitis. The phage type of S. aureus strains isolated from the anterior nares is similar to that of the strains isolated from the subungual spaces.

scholarly journals Recurrent Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus Colonizing Skin Lesions in Severe Atopic Dermatitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 571-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yamamoto ◽  
Kenji Yodogawa ◽  
Satoshi Wakita ◽  
Michio Ogano ◽  
Miwa Tokita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Severe Atopic Dermatitis

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Five Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Skin Lesions in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Dmitrenko ◽  
Sergey Alkhovsky ◽  
Anna Balbutskaya ◽  
Timur Tikhomirov ◽  
Natalia Fedorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Sequence Types

We present here draft genome sequences of five Staphylococcus aureus strains obtained from children suffering from atopic dermatitis. The strains were determined to be of five different sequence types (sequence type 1 [ST1], ST7, ST8, ST15, and ST101) and carried a unique combination of superantigen-like protein (SSL) and serine protease genes.

scholarly journals The Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Secondary Infections in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis (AD)

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Międzobrodzki
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Allergic Skin ◽  
Atopic Skin ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the mucous membrane of the nasal vestibule of a significant number of healthy people. These microorganisms are opportunistic pathogens, that in favorable conditions, may cause infections of various course, location or manifestation. Secondary infections emerge in cases when other risk factors contribute to such a change. One of the diseases during which S. aureus changes its saprophytic character to a pathogenic one is atopic dermatitis (AD), an allergic skin condition of a chronic and recurrent nature. Patients with AD are highly predisposed to secondary staphylococcal infections due to active S. aureus colonization of the stratum corneum, damage of the skin barrier or a defective immune response. Microorganisms present in skin lesions destroy the tissue by secreting enzymes and toxins, and additionally stimulate secondary allergic reactions. The toxins secreted by strains of S. aureus also act as superantigens and penetrate the skin barrier contributing to a chronic inflammation of the atopic skin lesions. The S. aureus species also releases proinflammatory proteins, including enzymes that cause tissue damage. When initiating treatment it is particularly important to properly assess that the onset of the secondary bacterial infection is caused by S. aureus and thus justifying the inclusion of antibiotic therapy. Depending on the severity and extent of the staphylococcal infection, topical antibiotics are used, usually mupirocin or fusidic acid, or general antibiotic treatment is introduced. Another therapeutic strategy without antibiotics has given a positive effect in patients.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus and the Cutaneous Microbiota Biofilms in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enea Gino Di Domenico ◽  
Ilaria Cavallo ◽  
Bruno Capitanio ◽  
Fiorentina Ascenzioni ◽  
Fulvia Pimpinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Immune Disorder ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Local Immune Modulation

Biofilm is the dominant mode of growth of the skin microbiota, which promotes adhesion and persistence in the cutaneous microenvironment, thus contributing to the epidermal barrier function and local immune modulation. In turn, the local immune microenvironment plays a part in shaping the skin microbiota composition. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an immune disorder characterized by a marked dysbiosis, with a sharp decline of microbial diversity. During AD flares biofilm-growing Staphylococcus aureus emerges as the major colonizer in the skin lesions, in strict association with disease severity. The chronic production of inflammatory cytokines in the skin of AD individuals concurs at supporting S. aureus biofilm overgrowth at the expense of other microbial commensals, subverting the composition of the healthy skin microbiome. The close relationship between the host and microbial biofilm resident in the skin has profound implications on human health, making skin microbiota an attractive target for the therapeutic management of different skin disorders.

The Propensity to Form Biofilm in vitro by Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from the Anterior Nares of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: Clinical Associations

Dermatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Leszek Blicharz ◽  
Maryla Michalak ◽  
Ksenia Szymanek-Majchrzak ◽  
Grażyna Młynarczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Skowroński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatosis

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with complex pathogenesis. The skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis is dominated by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> which shows the ability to produce biofilm. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this work was to assess the influence of <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm on the course of atopic dermatitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Disease severity was evaluated based on the SCORAD index in 56 adult patients with atopic dermatitis. Microtiter plate assay of the propensity to form biofilm was performed on <i>S. aureus</i> strains isolated from the anterior nares, lesional skin, and nonlesional skin. Microbiological results were correlated to the clinical parameters and total IgE concentration. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Biofilm-producing strains of <i>S. aureus</i> were identified in 76.3% (29/38) and 79.1% (34/43) of samples from the anterior nares and lesional skin, respectively (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05), and in 48.5% (16/33) of samples from nonlesional skin (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.03). Patients colonized by biofilm-producing strains of <i>S. aureus</i> within the anterior nares showed statistically higher mean values of total and objective SCORAD and its components (extent, dryness), and of the largest extent of skin lesions during the flares in the last year when compared to patients colonized by non-biofilm-producing strains. Carriage of biofilm-producing <i>S. aureus</i> on lesional skin was associated with higher mean values of the extent of skin lesions during stable periods of the disease. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results of this study may suggest a relationship between the production of biofilm by <i>S. aureus</i> strains colonizing the anterior nares and the course of atopic dermatitis. Biofilm seems crucial for dispersal and persistent colonization of large areas of the skin by this pathogen. Destruction of <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm could positively affect the course of atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals Comparative Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Skin Lesions, Nasal Cavities, and Feces of Children with Atopic Dermatitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-374
Author(s):  
A. P. Pikina ◽  
A. N. Shkoporov ◽  
E. V. Kulagina ◽  
E. V. Khokhlova ◽  
A. V. Chaplin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Frequency Matching ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Topical Antibacterial ◽  
Melting Analysis ◽  
Pure Bacterial Cultures

Background: The lesion of skin of the majority atopic dermatitis patients is chronically colonized by bacteria belonging to the species Staphylococcus aureus. Topical antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy treatment are often ineffective due to fast recolonization by S. aureus and exacerbation of allergic process.Aims: Our aim was to determine a frequency of S. aureus colonization in skin lesions, mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and intestine of children with atopic dermatitis, to compare the genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different biotopes of atopic dermatitis patients, and to clarify whether the intestinal and nasal cavities microbiota may act as a source of S. aureus recolonization of skin lesions.Materials and methods: Bacteriological examination of fecal samples, skin, and nasal swabs was conducted in 38 atopic dermatitis patients. The pure bacterial cultures of S. aureus were identified using API Staph (Biomerieux, France) and Vitek 2 MS (Biomerieux, France). Isolates of S. aureus were subjected to genotyping by analysis of rRNA internal 16S-23S rRNA spacer regions and high resolution melting analysis (HMR) of polymorphic spa X-regions.Results: 99% S. aureus strains were successfully identified using MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry. S. aureus cultures were isolated from all biotopes in 31,6% of children, from skin and nasal cavities — in 42% of cases, from skin and feces — in 2,6% of cases, only from skin — in 10,5%, from nasal cavities and feces — in 2,6%, and only from nasal cavities — in 2,6% of cases. In 8% of children, S. aureus was not detected in any of the biotopes. Genotyping of the isolates enabled the detection of 17 different genotypes. A match between the genotypes of skin and nasal strains, and skin and fecal strains was observed in 88% and 61% of the cases respectively.Conclusions: The observed a high-frequency matching genotypes suggests the possibility of migration of S. aureus strains inside biotopes in humans and the absence of specialization to colonization of any of the niches.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document