scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus and the Cutaneous Microbiota Biofilms in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enea Gino Di Domenico ◽  
Ilaria Cavallo ◽  
Bruno Capitanio ◽  
Fiorentina Ascenzioni ◽  
Fulvia Pimpinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Immune Disorder ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Local Immune Modulation

Biofilm is the dominant mode of growth of the skin microbiota, which promotes adhesion and persistence in the cutaneous microenvironment, thus contributing to the epidermal barrier function and local immune modulation. In turn, the local immune microenvironment plays a part in shaping the skin microbiota composition. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an immune disorder characterized by a marked dysbiosis, with a sharp decline of microbial diversity. During AD flares biofilm-growing Staphylococcus aureus emerges as the major colonizer in the skin lesions, in strict association with disease severity. The chronic production of inflammatory cytokines in the skin of AD individuals concurs at supporting S. aureus biofilm overgrowth at the expense of other microbial commensals, subverting the composition of the healthy skin microbiome. The close relationship between the host and microbial biofilm resident in the skin has profound implications on human health, making skin microbiota an attractive target for the therapeutic management of different skin disorders.

The Propensity to Form Biofilm in vitro by Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from the Anterior Nares of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: Clinical Associations

Dermatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Leszek Blicharz ◽  
Maryla Michalak ◽  
Ksenia Szymanek-Majchrzak ◽  
Grażyna Młynarczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Skowroński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatosis

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with complex pathogenesis. The skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis is dominated by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> which shows the ability to produce biofilm. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this work was to assess the influence of <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm on the course of atopic dermatitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Disease severity was evaluated based on the SCORAD index in 56 adult patients with atopic dermatitis. Microtiter plate assay of the propensity to form biofilm was performed on <i>S. aureus</i> strains isolated from the anterior nares, lesional skin, and nonlesional skin. Microbiological results were correlated to the clinical parameters and total IgE concentration. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Biofilm-producing strains of <i>S. aureus</i> were identified in 76.3% (29/38) and 79.1% (34/43) of samples from the anterior nares and lesional skin, respectively (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05), and in 48.5% (16/33) of samples from nonlesional skin (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.03). Patients colonized by biofilm-producing strains of <i>S. aureus</i> within the anterior nares showed statistically higher mean values of total and objective SCORAD and its components (extent, dryness), and of the largest extent of skin lesions during the flares in the last year when compared to patients colonized by non-biofilm-producing strains. Carriage of biofilm-producing <i>S. aureus</i> on lesional skin was associated with higher mean values of the extent of skin lesions during stable periods of the disease. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results of this study may suggest a relationship between the production of biofilm by <i>S. aureus</i> strains colonizing the anterior nares and the course of atopic dermatitis. Biofilm seems crucial for dispersal and persistent colonization of large areas of the skin by this pathogen. Destruction of <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm could positively affect the course of atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Complicated by Psoas Abscess and Infective Endocarditis in a Patient with Atopic Dermatitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Tsuboi ◽  
Tetsuya Yumoto ◽  
Tatsuya Toyokawa ◽  
Katsunori Matsueda ◽  
Joichiro Horii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Psoas Abscess ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heart Lesions

The close relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and infective endocarditis (IE) has been implicated. Staphylococcus aureus colonization is frequently seen observed in AD patients’ skin lesions. Although a case of IE due to S. aureus bacteremia in an AD patient has been sporadically reported, a case of S. aureus bacteremia complicated by psoas abscess and IE has not been previously reported. A 42-year-old man with a history of AD presented to our hospital complaining of fever, fatigue, chills, lower right back pain, and poor appetite for a week. His blood cultures showed growth of S. aureus. On day 3, the patient presented acute cardiac failure and was diagnosed with IE based on echocardiogram examination. Since the patient’s cardiac failure did not respond to medication, an emergency surgery was performed on the fourth day of hospitalization. The patient underwent successful surgical treatment of the heart lesions and subsequent percutaneous drainage of psoas abscess and received intensive antibiotics, which successfully improved his condition. Our report emphasizes awareness of the association between AD and invasive S. aureus infections.

Skin and Nasal Colonization with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Tamer Mohamed ◽  
Izzedin Abushaikha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Dermatology Clinic ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with multifactorial etiologies, Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and methicillinresistant S.aureus (MRSA) that naturally colonize skin and nose are prevalent among children with AD. Objectives: was to determine the prevalence of S.aureus and MRSA colonization of skin lesions and nose of AD children. Methodology: 40 children diagnosed as AD from Dermatology Clinic of Najran Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia, were included in the study; separate swabs from skin lesions & nose of each AD patient were tested for S.aureus and MRSA colonization using the conventional culture based Vitek 2 system and the molecular BD Max MRSA XT assay. Results: Using the conventional Vitek 2 system, the prevalence of skin and nasal colonization with S.aureus in AD patients were 25% and 30% respectively while skin and nasal colonization with MRSA were 7.5% and 7.5% respectively, the BD Max MRSA XT assay identified correctly S.aureus with overall 96 % sensitivity, 100 % specificity and 98 % diagnostic accuracy and identified 100 % of MRSA strains. Conclusion: The increase in prevalence of skin and nasal colonization with S.aureus and MRSA among AD children raises the concern about importance of the accurate and rapid molecular diagnostic techniques for preventing the potential risk of MRSA transmission

scholarly journals A Derivative of Butyric Acid, the Fermentation Metabolite of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Inhibits the Growth of a Staphylococcus aureus Strain Isolated from Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supitchaya Traisaeng ◽  
Deron Raymond Herr ◽  
Hsin-Jou Kao ◽  
Tsung-Hsien Chuang ◽  
Chun-Ming Huang
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Acid Fermentation

The microbiome is a rich source of metabolites for the development of novel drugs. Butyric acid, for example, is a short-chain fatty acid fermentation metabolite of the skin probiotic bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Glycerol fermentation of S. epidermidis resulted in the production of butyric acid and effectively hindered the growth of a Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strain isolated from skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) in vitro and in vivo. This approach, however, is unlikely to be therapeutically useful since butyric acid is malodorous and requires a high concentration in the mM range for growth suppression of AD S. aureus. A derivative of butyric acid, BA–NH–NH–BA, was synthesized by conjugation of two butyric acids to both ends of an –NH–O–NH– linker. BA–NH–NH–BA significantly lowered the concentration of butyric acid required to inhibit the growth of AD S. aureus. Like butyric acid, BA–NH–NH–BA functioned as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor by inducing the acetylation of Histone H3 lysine 9 (AcH3K9) in human keratinocytes. Furthermore, BA–NH–NH–BA ameliorated AD S. aureus-induced production of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-6 and remarkably reduced the colonization of AD S. aureus in mouse skin. These results describe a novel derivative of a skin microbiome fermentation metabolite that exhibits anti-inflammatory and S. aureus bactericidal activity.

scholarly journals The skin microbiota in pregnant women suffering from atopic dermatitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
A Yu Lonshakova-Medvedeva ◽  
K N Monakhov ◽  
A N Suvorov ◽  
O V Lavrova
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Basic Care

Aim. To study the skin microbiota of pregnant women suffering from atopic dermatitis.Methods. 53 women of reproductive age suffering from atopic dermatitis (28 pregnant and 25 non-pregnant) were examined. The control group included dermatologically healthy women (25 pregnant and 25 non-pregnant). Prior to treatment initiation and on 15-day of study pathological process spread, the SCORAD index (scoring of atopic dermatitis - atopic dermatitis severity assessment), dermatology life quality index determination were conducted. In addition, microbiological study of material taken from the forehead, elbow bend skin and visually unaltered forearm skin was performed.Results. In women (pregnant and non-pregnant), suffering from atopic dermatitis skin total bacterial load is increased. In all groups, the skin microbiota is presented mainly by staphylococci: in dermatologically healthy people - coagulase-negative, in atopic dermatitis - Staphylococcusя aureus. In atopic dermatitis Staphylococcus aureus is isolated from both lesions and visually unaltered skin. In pregnant women with atopic dermatitis skin bacterial load was higher, Staphylococcus aureus was found more commonly. The skin microbiota in dermatologically healthy women was more diverse in respect of species comparing with patients with atopic dermatitis. Basic care remedies use leads to clinical improvement and a decrease in the skin total bacterial load and Staphylococcus aureus load. Daily use of emollients has no effect on saprophytic microorganisms.Conclusion. In pregnant patients with atopic dermatitis higher skin total bacterial load and higher rate of skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus are observed.

scholarly journals Skin Associated Staphylococcus Aureus Contributes to Disease Progression in CTCL

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 659-659
Author(s):  
Cosmin A Tegla ◽  
Alberto M Herrera ◽  
Angelina M Seffens ◽  
Melania H Fanok ◽  
George Dean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Skin Flora

It has been proposed that bacteria play a direct role in progression of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), although definitive evidence is missing, and the underlying mechanism of how microbes contribute to disease progression remains unknown. The skin of CTCL patients is frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains and infections with hospital and community associated strains of S. aureus are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced CTCL. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of the association between CTCL and S. aureus colonization, and use our unique pre-clinical animal model of CTCL to determine the cause-effect relationship between skin-associated S. aureus and CTCL progression. To understand the relationship between bacterial colonization and CTCL we collected skin swabs from active lesions, unaffected skin and nares of CTCL patients to perform S. aureus cultures and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Skin swabs of psoriasis patients and healthy donors served as controls. The frequency of S. aureus colonization determined by culture based techniques revealed that &gt;65% of advanced stage patients had S. aureus present at lesional/tumor sites, while corresponding sites in patients with psoriasis and in healthy controls rarely had detectable S. aureus. Colonization rates correlated positively with the disease stage. Unbiased, 16s sequencing based analysis of the skin microbiome from advanced CTCL patients revealed that the overall skin microbiome of these patients is distinct from that of healthy individuals and patients with psoriasis. A lower phylogenetic diversity and significantly higher relative abundance of Staphylococcus species was found in CTCL patients. To determine the causal relationship between skin flora and progression of CTCL we used our mouse model of CTCL and assessed disease progression in both conventionally housed specific-pathogen-free (SPF) conditions and in germ free (GF) isolators using a standardized clinical score. The CD4CreSTAT3stopfl/+ mice express a hyper-active STAT3C mutant protein selectively in T lymphocytes and virtually all mutant mice develop T cell infiltration in the epidermis causing skin lesions resembling CTCL, by eight months of age. In contrast to the SPF housed animals, GF mice remained disease free or developed only a mild phenotype (clinical score 1 out of 5) after 11 months of follow-up. Notably, when GF CD4CreSTAT3stopfl/+ mice were transitioned to SPF conditions they all developed advanced disease. Finally, we examined the role of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling in mediating the transformation of T lymphocytes. R26STAT3Cstopfl/+CD4Cre Rag2KO OTII mice express only OVA-specific TCRs. T cells from R26STAT3Cstopfl/+ CD4Cre Stim1fl/fl mice express a normal TCR repertoire, but exhibit defective T cell receptor signaling due to compromised calcium influx. Both strains failed to develop typical skin lesions, suggesting an essential role for TCR interaction with tumor microenvironment and microbial antigens in the pathogenesis of CTCL. In conclusion, we demonstrate a strong correlation between CTCL staging and rates of S. aureus colonization. Our study supports a cause-effect relationship between skin flora and CTCL oncogenesis. We propose that CTCL represents an antigen driven malignancy. Further studies using mono-colonization with single bacterial strains are needed to further interrogate the role of specific bacteria. Disclosures Hymes: Celgene: Consultancy. Odum:Micreos human Health B.V: Consultancy. Geskin:Merck: Other: Supported/Contracted Research; UpToDate: Patents & Royalties: Royalty, Receipt of Intellectual Property Rights / Patent Holder; Mallinckrodt: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Supported/Contracted Research; Helsinn: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Supported/Contracted Research; Stratpharma: Other: Supported/Contracted Research; Medivir: Consultancy, Honoraria; Medscape: Speakers Bureau; Actelion: Other: Supported/Contracted Research.

Gut microbiome skin axis in the development of atopic dermatitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hitham Abduarhman Alghamdi ◽  
Ahmed Behieldin ◽  
Sherif Edris
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Strong Relation

Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the main focus of this review which mostly starts with children in early life. Beside the etiological factors like environmental, dietary or medical exposures, Gut-skin axis microbiome studies have an impact to investigate and to understand the relation between the gut microbiome and changes to the skin microbiom and some skin diseases resulting like AD. Infants start forming their microbiome in early life and some researches suggest that this time have a crucial role in development of AD. Balanced bacterial composition is important to maintain healthy skin as the gut microbiome dysbiosis may result in dramatic shifting in the skin microbiome that gives better chance for some bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus to over prevail which has been reported to contribute in AD development. Among several factors, immunological activity has a strong relation to microbiome changed composition and development of AD. Continuous....  

Staphylococcus Aureus in the Anterior Nares and Subungual Spaces of the Hands in Atopic Dermatitis

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Nishijima ◽  
S Namura ◽  
T Higashida ◽  
S Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Skin Lesions

We examined the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in the anterior nares and the subungual spaces of the hands of patients with atopic dermatitis to determine whether the presence of S. aureus at these sites may contribute to the aggravation of the dermatitic skin lesions. The prevalence of S. aureus in the anterior nares of patients with atopic dermatitis was over five times higher than that in the anterior nares of patients with other skin diseases or in healthy adult controls, and the prevalence of S. aureus in the subungual spaces was 10 times higher in patients with atopic dermatitis than in those with other skin diseases or in controls. Both the anterior nares and the subungual spaces of the hands are important reservoirs of S. aureus in atopic dermatitis. The phage type of S. aureus strains isolated from the anterior nares is similar to that of the strains isolated from the subungual spaces.

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