Effects of Plateau Environment on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Plateau High-Pressure Common-Rail Diesel Engine with Different Blending Ratios of Biodiesel

Taking a plateau high-pressure common-rail diesel engine as the research model, a model was established and simulated by AVL FIRE according to the structural parameters of a diesel engine. The combustion and emission characteristics of D, B20, and B50 diesel engines were simulated in the plateau atmospheric environment at 0 m, 1000 m, and 2000 m. The calculation results show that as the altitude increased, the peak in-cylinder pressure and the cumulative heat release of diesel decreased with different blending ratios. When the altitude increased by 1000 m, the cumulative heat release was reduced by about 5%. Furthermore, the emission trend of NO, soot, and CO was to first increase and then decrease. As the altitude increased, the mass fraction of NO emission decreased. As the altitude increased, the mass fractions of soot and CO increased. Additionally, when the altitude was 0 m and 1000 m, the maximum temperature, the mass fraction of OH, and the fuel–air ratio of B20 were higher and more uniform. When the altitude was 2000 m, the maximum temperature, the mass fraction of OH, and the fuel–air ratio of B50 were higher and more uniform. Lastly, as the altitude increased, the maximum combustion temperature of D and B20 decreased, and combustion became more uneven. As the altitude increased, the maximum combustion temperature of B50 increased, and the combustion became more uniform. As the altitude increased, the fuel–air ratio and the mass fractions of OH and NO decreased. When the altitude increased, the soot concentration increased, and the distribution area was larger.

Combustion Efficiency in a Fluidized-Bed Combustor with a Modified Perforated Plate for Air Distribution

Combustion efficiency is one of the most important parameters especially in the fluidized-bed combustor. Investigations into the efficiency of combustion in fluidized-bed combustor fuels using solid biomass waste fuels in recent years are increasingly in demand by researchers around the world. Specifically, this study aims to calculate the combustion efficiency in the fluidized-bed combustor. Combustion efficiency is calculated based on combustion results from the modification of hollow plates in the fluidized-bed combustor. The modified hollow plate aims to control combustion so that the fuel incorporated can burn out and not saturate. The combustion experiments were tested using palm oil biomass solid waste fuels such as palm kernel shell, oil palm midrib, and empty fruit bunches. The results of the measurements showed that the maximum combustion temperature for the palm kernel shell fuel reached 863 °C for M1 and 887 °C for M2. The maximum combustion temperature measurements for M1 and M2 from the oil palm midrib fuel testing reached 898 °C and 858 °C, respectively, while the maximum combustion temperature for M1 and M2 from the empty fruit bunches fuel was 667 °C and M2 847 °C, respectively. The rate of combustion efficiency with the modification of the hole plate in the fluidized-bed combustor reached 96.2%. Thermal efficiency in fluidized-bed combustors for oil palm midrib was 72.62%, for PKS was 70.03%, and for empty fruit bunches was 52.43%. The highest heat transfer rates for the oil palm midrib fuel reached 7792.36 W/m2, palm kernel shell 7167.38 W/m2, and empty fruit bunches 5127.83 W/m2. Thus, the modification of the holed plate in the fluidized-bed combustor chamber showed better performance of the plate than without modification.

Analysis Combustion Efficiency in a Fluidized-Bed Combustor With a Modified Perforated Plate for Air Distribution

Combustion efficiency is one of the most important parameters, especially in the FBC combustion chamber. Investigations into the efficiency of combustion in FBC fuels using solid biomass waste fuels in recent years are increasingly in demand by researchers around the world. Specifically, this study aims to calculate the combustion efficiency in the FBC combustion chamber. Combustion efficiency is calculated based on combustion results from modification of hollow plates in the FBC combustion chamber. The modified hollow plate aims to control combustion so that the fuel incorporated can burn out and not saturate. The combustion experiments were tested using palm oil biomass solid waste fuels such as PKS, OPM, and EFB. The results of the measurements showed that the maximum combustion temperature for MCC fuel reached 863oC for M1 and 887oC on M2. The maximum combustion temperature measurements for M1 and M2 from OPM fuel testing reached 898oC and 858oC, respectively, while the maximum combustion temperature for EFB fuel was 667oC andM2 847oC, respectively. The rate of combustion efficiency with the modification of the hole plate in the FBC combustion chamber reached 96.2%. Thermal efficiency in FBC combustion chamber for OPM 72.62%, MCC 70.03%, and EFB 52.43%. The highest heat transfer rates for OPM fuel reached 7792.36 w/m, MCC 7167.38 w/m, and EFB 5127.83 w/m. Thus, modification of the holed plate in the FBC chamber showed better performance of the plate without modification.

Analysis Combustion Efficiency in a Fluidized-Bed Combustor With a Modified Perforated Plate for Air Distribution

Combustion efficiency is one of the most important parameters, especially in the FBC combustion chamber. Investigations into the efficiency of combustion in FBC fuels using solid biomass waste fuels in recent years are increasingly in demand by researchers around the world. Specifically, this study aims to calculate the combustion efficiency in the FBC combustion chamber. Combustion efficiency is calculated based on combustion results from modification of hollow plates in the FBC combustion chamber. The modified hollow plate aims to control combustion so that the fuel incorporated can burn out and not saturate. The combustion experiments were tested using palm oil biomass solid waste fuels such as PKS, OPM, and EFB. The results of the measurements showed that the maximum combustion temperature for MCC fuel reached 863oC for M1 and 887oC on M2. The maximum combustion temperature measurements for M1 and M2 from OPM fuel testing reached 898oC and 858oC, respectively, while the maximum combustion temperature for EFB fuel was 667oC andM2 847oC, respectively. The rate of combustion efficiency with the modification of the hole plate in the FBC combustion chamber reached 96.2%. Thermal efficiency in FBC combustion chamber for OPM 72.62%, MCC 70.03%, and EFB 52.43%. The highest heat transfer rates for OPM fuel reached 7792.36 w/m, MCC 7167.38 w/m, and EFB 5127.83 w/m. Thus, modification of the holed plate in the FBC chamber showed better performance of the plate without modification.

Pengaruh Jenis Oli Bekas Sebagai Bahan Bakar Kompor Pengecoran Logam Terhadap Waktu Konsumsi dan Suhu Maksimal pada Pembakaran

This study aims to determine the influence of distance traveled of used oil on fuel consumption rate and its maximum combustion temperature. In terms of consumption rate, used oil combustion tends to be slow because it must reach a certain point in order to burn. The maximum combustion temperature of used oil is comparable to other ordinary fuels, and it is suitable for use in metal casting. The study concluded that the longer the distance traveled, the faster the fuel consumption rate required. Used oil of 2200 km distance traveled is the fastest to burn, 0.8 liters in 745 seconds. The slowest to burn is the one with a distance traveled of 1800 km, which burns in 1031 seconds. The farther the distance traveled yields in a lower combustion temperature reached. At a distance traveled of 1800 km, the maximum temperature is 963.3 °C, while at 2200 km, the maximum temperature is 797.5 °C.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh jenis oli bekas terhadap waktu konsumsi bahan bakar dan suhu maksimal pada pembakaran oli bekas. Ditinjau dari segi kecepatan konsumsi bahan bakar, pembakaran oli bekas konsumsinya cenderung lambat karena oli bekas harus mencapai titik tertentu agar dapat terbakar. Ditinjau dari suhu maksimal yang dihasilkan mampu bersaing dengan kompor – kompor dengan bahan lainya dan juga untuk ukuran kompor pengecoran logam sudah memadahi. Pada penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin jauh jarak tempuh maka semakin cepat/ rendah waktu konsumsi bahan bakar yang diperlukan. Jarak 2200 km merupakan waktu tercepat untuk menghabiskan 0,8 liter oli bekas dengan waktu 745 detik. Sementara waktu terlama yaitu 1031 detik pada jarak 1800 km. semakin jauh jarak tempuh maka suhu maksimal yang dihasilkan semakin rendah. Pada jarak 1800 km menghasilkan suhu maksimal mencapai 963,3 OC, sementara jarak 2200 km hanya mampu menhasilkan suhu maksimal sebesar 797,5 OC.

Simulation studies of combustion in spark ignition engine using OpenFOAM

The open source Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM) software was used to investigate the performance of a fully premixed, modern high-performance 4-valve, ISO-octane, dual overhead cam (DOHC) engine with quasi-symmetric pent roof combustion chamber running at 1500 revolutions per minute. The peak pressure occurred at the TDC and had a value of about 30 bar. The results from this study show that the maximum combustion temperature occurred at approximately 95 degrees crank angle ATDC and has a volume averaged value of about 2700°K , whereas the actual computed peak temperature was found to be about 3000ºK and it occurred at grid point 12630. The other temperatures which were found to be higher than the volume averaged temperature were found to be in the range 2968.81 ° K to 2974.01 ° K and correspond to grid point positions 12630 to 12633.The flame-wrinkling factor, X = St / Su was found to be in the range 1.0 ≤ X ≤ 3.8. The dynamics of the regress variable b was accurately predicted.

Mathematical model of management of recirculation of motor aggregates

A mathematical model of management of recirculation of motor units is developed. It is shown that the efficiency of recirculation control is achieved with a decrease in the content of toxic substances in the exhaust; Limiting the maximum combustion temperature of the fuel and the pressure in the combustion chamber; Speed control. Based on the mathematical model, an algorithm is developed for calculating the control dependence for the regulation of the position of the electromechanical recirculation valve in specialized graphic computer environments with three-dimensional and two-dimensional visualization of analysis and calculation results. Calculation of the amount of emissions of harmful substances without the developed algorithm and using the developed algorithm is carried out.

Study on the Combustion Characteristics of the Engine Fueled with DME-Diesel Blends

To further study the performance of the engine fueled with DME-diesel blends, the indicator diagrams of a two-cylinder four-stroke engine are recorded at 1700r/min and 2300r/min under different load, the heat release rate and the rate of pressure rise are calculated. The results show that: when fueled the engine with D20 blend (Mass ratio of DME and diesel oil is 2:10) and optimizing the fuel supply advance angle, the maximum cylinder pressure decreases by 10% averagely and its corresponding crank angle delays 2°CA, the maximum rate of pressure rise is relatively lowers about 20%, the beginning of heat release delays，but combustion duration do not extend, and the centroid of heat release curves is closer to TDC (Top Dead Center), maximum combustion temperature drops 70-90K. These results indicate that the mechanical efficiency will be improved and, NOx emissions and mechanical noise will be reduced when an engine fueled with DME-diesel blends.

SYNTHESIS OF DIOPSIDE BY SOLUTION COMBUSTION PROCESS USING GLYCINE FUEL

Nano ceramic Diopside ( CaMgSi 2 O 6) powders are synthesized by Solution Combustion Process(SCS) using Calcium nitrate, Magnesium nitrate as oxidizer and glycine as fuel, fumed silica as silica source. Ammonium nitrate (AN) is used as extra oxidizer. Effect of AN on Diopside phase formation is investigated. The adiabatic flame temperatures are calculated theoretically for varying amount of AN according to thermodynamic concept and correlated with the observed flame temperatures. A “Multi channel thermocouple setup connected to computer interfaced Keithley multi voltmeter 2700” is used to monitor the thermal events during the process. An interpretation based on maximum combustion temperature and the amount of gases produced during reaction for various AN compositions has been proposed for the nature of combustion and its correlation with the characteristics of as synthesized powder. These powders are characterized by XRD, SEM showing that the powders are composed of polycrystalline oxides with crystallite size of 58nm to 74nm.