Dominance hierarchy and social network in a captive group of white-lipped peccary males: what happens after the alpha male leaves?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Aline Grossel ◽  
Manoel Lucas Javorouski ◽  
Nei Moreira ◽  
Emygdio Leite de Araujo Monteiro-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Alpha Male ◽  
Captive Group

Sex Differences in Hierarchical Stability in a Formation of a Mixed-Sex Group of Rhesus Macaques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J Woodell ◽  
Brianne A Beisner ◽  
Amy C Nathman ◽  
Ashleigh Day ◽  
Ashley Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Alpha Male ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Hierarchical Stability ◽  
Established Group

Forming groups of captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) is a common management practice. New formations of unfamiliar macaques can be costly, with high levels of trauma, particularly as intense aggression is used to establish a dominance hierarchy. Combining previous subgroups into one new group may be beneficial, as some individuals already have established dominance relationships. We tested this hypothesis by forming a new mixed-sex group of rhesus macaques that combined an established group of females with an established group of males. Prior to the mixed-sex group formation, both the female and male hierarchies had been stable for 3 y; after mixed-sex group formation these hierarchies were maintained by the females and were initially maintained by the males for 3 wks. However, the temporary hospitalization (due to a laceration caused by aggression) of the alpha male destabilized the male hierarchy. Age and weight then predicted male rank. Temporary hospitalizations resulted in rank changes for the males, evidenced by reversals in subordination signals. Thisstudy indicates that using established groups of familiar individuals may maintain female hierarchical stability in a mixed-sex group formation, but further research is needed to understand how to maintain and predict male hierarchical stability to reduce trauma. Improved knowledge of hierarchical stability would be invaluable to managers of large rhesus macaque groups and would help improve the welfare of captive rhesus macaques.

Behaviour of the Bilby, Macrotis lagotis (Reid), (Marsupialia : Thylacomyidae) in Captivity

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
CN Johnson ◽  
KA Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Alpha Male ◽  
The Social ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Activity Cycles ◽  
Central Australia

The behaviour was observed, in captivity, of the bilby Macrotis lagotis, a fossorial bandicoot of central Australia. Most of the observations were made at night, but some were of below-ground behaviour during the daylight hours. Bilbies proved to be relatively passive in comparison with other bandicoots, and a rigid dominance hierarchy amongst males was maintained without destructive fighting. Dominant males chased subordinate males out of and away from burrows and the alpha male maintained priority of access to all the well used burrows in the enclosure. Males scent-marked around burrows; the dominant male usually marked over scents left by other bilbies. Males shared burrows freely with females, and copulation appears to take place down burrows. Information is also given on female-female and mother-young behaviour, and some suggestions are made concerning the social structure of wild bilbies. Activity cycles, feeding behaviour, etc. are described.

scholarly journals Agonistic Interactions in Pigs–Comparison of Dominance Indices with Parameters Derived from Social Network Analysis in Three Age Groups

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Büttner ◽  
Irena Czycholl ◽  
Katharina Mees ◽  
Joachim Krieter
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Dominance Indices

Dominance indices are often calculated using the number of won and lost fights of each animal focusing on dyadic interactions. Social network analysis provides new insights into the establishment of stable group structures going beyond the dyadic approach. Thus, it was investigated whether centrality parameters describing the importance of each animal for the network are able to capture the rank order calculated by dominance indices. Therefore, two dominance indices and five centrality parameters based on two network types (initiator-receiver and winner-loser networks) were calculated regarding agonistic interactions observed in three mixing events (weaned piglets, fattening pigs, gilts). Comparing the two network types, the winner-loser networks demonstrated highly positive correlation coefficients between out-degree and outgoing closeness and the dominance indices. These results were confirmed by partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), i.e., about 60% of the variance of the dominance could be explained by the centrality parameters, whereby the winner-loser networks could better illustrate the dominance hierarchy with path coefficients of about 1.1 for all age groups. Thus, centrality parameters can portray the dominance hierarchy providing more detailed insights into group structure which goes beyond the dyadic approach.

Male Dominance and Reproductive Success in a Captive Group of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta)

Behaviour ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 129 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Glenn Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Captive Group ◽  
Lower Ranking

AbstractPaternity exclusion analysis was employed to estimate the reproductive success (RS) of 32 males who experienced at least one breeding season over the age of four years between 1977 and 1991 in a captive group of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Although three different males held alpha rank during the period, the male dominance hierarchy remained relatively stable even when the number of males was high. Average dominance rank and overall RS of males while in the group were strongly correlated. However, during most years the correlation between male dominance rank and RS was not statistically significant because males who achieved high rank 1)were those who experienced relatively high RS as lower ranking subadults and 2) maintained high dominance rank after experiencing a sustained decline in RS. Correlations between male dominance rank and RS were highest when the number of subadult males entering the dominance hierarchy was increasing and one or a very few males were least effective in monopolizing females. These results are not consistent with expectations based solely on the priority of access model of intrasexual selection. Female choice, as exemplified by the preference of females for mating with young males that are rising in rank, might also influence the evolution of social dominance in rhesus macaques.

scholarly journals Social network and dominance hierarchy analyses at Chimpanzee Sanctuary Northwest

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e0191898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake A. Funkhouser ◽  
Jessica A. Mayhew ◽  
John B. Mulcahy
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy

Free-Ranging Rhesus Monkeys: Behavioural Effects of Removal, Separation and Reintroduction of Group Members

Behaviour ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 216-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Vessey
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Alpha Male ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Lower Ranking ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Island Habitats ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractRhesus monkeys (26) varying in age, sex and social rank were removed from their free-ranging groups and held captive for periods of 1 to 103 days. 'The absence of the alpha male did not affect the group's home range on the island habitats or its rank in the intergroup dominance hierarchy. When released the monkeys interacted most with those closest to them in rank, attacking those lower and grooming those higher. Of 18 males, 8 failed to rejoin their groups and became solitary or low-ranking in other groups. Only 1 of 9 females failed to rejoin their group. Males held captive for more than four weeks seldom rejoined after release. Upon reintroduction alpha females experienced more difficulty than lower-ranking females in maintaining rank. This procedure of removing and reintroducing members of free-ranging groups is of value in studying social roles.

The Social Organization of a Small Captive Group of Eland, Oryx and Roan Antelope With an Analysis of Personality Profiles

Behaviour ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kiley-Worthington
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Captive Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Roan Antelope ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe social organisation of a captive herd of 13 eland, 1 adult male roan antelope, and one adult male cape oryx was studied at a limited food resource in a confined area. The importance of a "dominance hierarchy" in controlling relationships between individuals was assessed by comparing rank orders for the performance and receipt of threats and, separately, withdrawals. Correlations between the individual rankings for "threats" and "withdrawn from" was good (p<0.01). This suggests that a "dominance hierarchy" had been established in this group, and it could be assessed by scoring aggression (threats) or avoidance (withdrawals). However, the high number of threats (13.8 per hour) indicates that the dominance hierarchy was not particularly rigid. Other than at the food, there were few interactions related to conflict. The importance of measuring other forms of interaction such as grooming, interest in other animals and displaying to other animals in order to understand group organisation is emphasised. A description of the social organisation of the group in terms of roles is considered. The complexity of relationships between individuals as shown by all these behaviours suggests that neither "dominance" hierarchy, nor roles are adequated for understanding the organisation of the group. A further measure, which is the extent to which individuals are involved in interaction with others (i.e. socially involved) is proposed, and it is found that sub-adults are consistently low on this score, whereas adults vary. Another measure of individual behaviour proposed is the extent to which the animal is a performer or receiver of the various behaviours. These measures are open to criticism, (as are concepts such as "dominance hierarchy" and "roles") on the basis of being unsophisticated blanket terms and therefore mis-leading since they tell little about individual relationships. As a result of the difference between individuals in the various interactions scored, it is clear that the only way to understand the group structure in detail is to draw up personality profiles. This was done using the six types of interactions that were measured. The profiles of the individuals represented in this way confirm their uniqueness even within one age or sex class. Similarities in related animals in several parameters is evident however.

scholarly journals The dynamics of grooming interactions: maintenance of partner choice and the consequences of demographic variation for female mandrills

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6332 ◽  
Author(s):  
André S. Pereira ◽  
Inês D. Rebelo ◽  
Catarina Casanova ◽  
Phyllis C. Lee ◽  
Vasilis Louca
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Biological Markets ◽  
Captive Group ◽  
Stable Conditions

A large body of evidence suggests that female Old World monkeys maintain selective long-term grooming interactions with fitness benefits. The last two decades have produced evidence that the regulation of social interactions among primates can be, in part, explained by the Biological Markets theory, with grooming behaviour as the focus of these studies. Grooming facilitates bonding between individuals, constituting an essential part of the regulation of social relationships among female cercopithecids. In contrast to the well-studied baboons (Papio spp), knowledge about the nature of grooming interactions and their regulation is generally lacking for the large, terrestrial species of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). We used a combination of social network analysis tools and well-established methods for assessing partner diversity and reciprocity to characterise grooming networks, partner choice and patterns of trade (be groomed, give grooming) among females in a captive group of mandrills, both within and across two separate observation periods. Our results suggest that, even though the relatively stable conditions of captivity allowed the studied females to maintain selective grooming interactions across time, small scale demographic changes affected the grooming dynamics of the group in accordance with the expectations of the Biological Markets theory. In particular, the maturation and consequent integration of a high ranking female into the group’s grooming network from one period to the next resulted in a more pronounced effect of rank on the regulation of grooming interactions. In addition, the influence of the maturation of a dependent infant on the grooming interactions of his mother were evident between periods. Our results also demonstrate that grooming networks are dynamic and that high ranking individuals are not necessarily the most central in grooming networks. Finally, we discuss the potential of social network analysis to identify cases of social exclusion and its consequences for captive management.

scholarly journals Jaringan Sosial (Social Network) Antar Jantan Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) Di Gunung Meru, Padang, Sumatera Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Ami Hidayat ◽  
Rizaldi Rizaldi ◽  
Jabang Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Continuous Recording ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Dominance Relationship ◽  
Centrality Index ◽  
Recording Method ◽  
Ad Libitum

A study on social network based on grooming interactions among males of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) at Gunung Meru, Padang has been conducted from August to October 2015. The dominance relationship determined by submissive interactions among 17 adult males. Submissive interactions were recorded using ad libitum observation and grooming interactions by continuous recording method. The results showed that the dominance hierarchy among males was linear (Matman linearity index: h' = 0.97). Alfa male appeared to have the highest centrality index among all the males. This study indicates that individuals attained higher dominance hierarchy tend to have higher degree of centrality.

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