scholarly journals Jaringan Sosial (Social Network) Antar Jantan Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) Di Gunung Meru, Padang, Sumatera Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Ami Hidayat ◽  
Rizaldi Rizaldi ◽  
Jabang Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Continuous Recording ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Dominance Relationship ◽  
Centrality Index ◽  
Recording Method ◽  
Ad Libitum

A study on social network based on grooming interactions among males of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) at Gunung Meru, Padang has been conducted from August to October 2015. The dominance relationship determined by submissive interactions among 17 adult males. Submissive interactions were recorded using ad libitum observation and grooming interactions by continuous recording method. The results showed that the dominance hierarchy among males was linear (Matman linearity index: h' = 0.97). Alfa male appeared to have the highest centrality index among all the males. This study indicates that individuals attained higher dominance hierarchy tend to have higher degree of centrality.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS KUAU RAJA (Argusianus argus Linnaeus, 1766) PADA MATING RING DI HUTAN KONSERVASI KALAWEIT SUPAYANG, SOLOK, SUMATERA BARAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafi ◽  
Wilson Novarino ◽  
. Rizaldi ◽  
Asferi Ardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Field Observation ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Continuous Recording ◽  
Behavioral Study ◽  
Recording Method ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Individual

A behavioral study of Great Argus Pheasants (Argusianus argus Linnaeus, 1766) at their mating ring has been done from October 2015 to January 2016 in The Kalaweit Supayang Conservasion Forest, Solok, West Sumatra. The purpose of this research is to know about activities of Great Argus Pheasant and how their activities done. Field observation in the mating ring was conducted using ten video camera traps for three months at their mating ring. Those cameras were activated for 60 seconds per session by 10 seconds intersession intervals. Behavioral data were tabulated from video records using continuous recording method. There were eight activities of Great Argus Pheasant at their mating ring which divided into individual and pairmate activities. The individual activities of male included clearing, walking, vigilance, feeding, grooming, resting, and calling. While  female activities included resting, grooming, and walking. Activity with pairmate was dancing where male performed dancing only in the present of  female. Male spent 26 times longer than females appeared at the mating ring. The peak activities at mating ring was in the morning between 7:00  and 8:00 am.

Characterising Functional Brain Connectivity as Social Network: the Transtopic Centrality Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Gloria Menegaz ◽  
Claudio Tomazzoli ◽  
Matteo Cristani ◽  
Ilaria Boscolo Galazzo ◽  
Silvia Francesca Storti
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Centrality Index

The Hidden Costs of Sociality: Intra-Group Variation in Feeding Strategies in Sumatran Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca Fascicularis)

Behaviour ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 99 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 296-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. VAN NOORDWIJK ◽  
Carel P. VAN SCHAIK
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Feeding Competition ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Hidden Cost ◽  
Group Variation

AbstractGroups of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are often fissioned into a large main party and one or more small parties. We studied the size and composition of the main party in relation to fruit supply and the ecology of the various age-sex categories in order to establish the cause of this fissioning. The size of the main party varied not only because the size of available fruit trees varied but also because the various age-sex categories were so different in their feeding strategies that they sometimes went separate ways. Our observations suggest that body size and sex profoundly affected food requirements and the risks attached to leaving the main party. We concluded that adult females left the main party mainly to escape from feeding competition and attempted to reduce travel time when they had infants so as to minimise the costs of carrying infants. Males, by contrast, left above all because of their different food requirements; subadult males left to eat more fruit than the others, adult males mainly to eat bigger fruit than the others. This intra-group variation in feeding strategies constitutes a usually hidden cost to sociality.

scholarly journals Agonistic Interactions in Pigs–Comparison of Dominance Indices with Parameters Derived from Social Network Analysis in Three Age Groups

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Büttner ◽  
Irena Czycholl ◽  
Katharina Mees ◽  
Joachim Krieter
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Dominance Indices

Dominance indices are often calculated using the number of won and lost fights of each animal focusing on dyadic interactions. Social network analysis provides new insights into the establishment of stable group structures going beyond the dyadic approach. Thus, it was investigated whether centrality parameters describing the importance of each animal for the network are able to capture the rank order calculated by dominance indices. Therefore, two dominance indices and five centrality parameters based on two network types (initiator-receiver and winner-loser networks) were calculated regarding agonistic interactions observed in three mixing events (weaned piglets, fattening pigs, gilts). Comparing the two network types, the winner-loser networks demonstrated highly positive correlation coefficients between out-degree and outgoing closeness and the dominance indices. These results were confirmed by partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), i.e., about 60% of the variance of the dominance could be explained by the centrality parameters, whereby the winner-loser networks could better illustrate the dominance hierarchy with path coefficients of about 1.1 for all age groups. Thus, centrality parameters can portray the dominance hierarchy providing more detailed insights into group structure which goes beyond the dyadic approach.

Sex or power? The function of male displays in rhesus macaques

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista M. Milich ◽  
Dario Maestripieri
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Male Display ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Male Displays ◽  
Free Ranging

Male behavioral displays (e.g., branch-shaking) are common across Anthropoidea, but their function remains unclear. We examined free-ranging rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, to test three major hypotheses for the function of male displays: (1) mate attraction, (2) mate guarding and (3) male–male dominance competition. Focal and ad libitum behavioural data were recorded for 21 adult males across 9 groups during the mating season. Display rates were calculated for each male in each context (i.e., agonistic, mating). In stable groups, males with high mating success displayed more during consortships than in other contexts and displays were more likely to follow than to precede copulation, whereas males in unstable groups were more likely to displays in agonistic contexts. These results suggest that mate guarding and male–male dominance competition are the primary functions of male display behaviours in rhesus macaques.

scholarly journals Acute ingestion of resistant starch reduces food intake in healthy adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline L. Bodinham ◽  
Gary S. Frost ◽  
M. Denise Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ad Libitum

Resistant starch (RS), a non-viscous dietary fibre, may have postprandial effects on appetite regulation and metabolism, although the exact effects and mechanisms are unknown. An acute randomised, single-blind crossover study, aimed to determine the effects of consumption of 48 g RS on appetite compared to energy and available carbohydrate-matched placebo. Twenty young healthy adult males consumed either 48 g RS or the placebo divided equally between two mixed meals on two separate occasions. Effects on appetite were assessed, using anad libitumtest meal and 24-h diet diaries for energy intake, and using visual analogue scales for subjective measures. Changes to postprandial glucose, insulin and C-peptide were also assessed. There was a significantly lower energy intake following the RS supplement compared to the placebo supplement at both thead libitumtest meal (5241 (sem313)v. 5606 (sem345) kJ,P = 0·033) and over the 24 h (12 603 (sem519)v. 13 949 (sem755) kJ,P = 0·044). However, there was no associated effect on subjective appetite measures. Postprandial plasma glucose concentrations were not significantly different between supplements, but there was a significantly lower postprandial insulin response following the RS supplement (P = 0·029). The corresponding C-peptide concentrations were not significantly different, although the ratio of C-peptide to insulin was higher following the RS supplement compared to placebo (P = 0·059). These results suggest that consumption of 48 g RS, over a 24-h period, may be useful in the management of the metabolic syndrome and appetite. Further studies are required to determine the exact mechanisms.

scholarly journals Global network structure of dominance hierarchy of ant workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (99) ◽  
pp. 20140599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Shimoji ◽  
Masato S. Abe ◽  
Kazuki Tsuji ◽  
Naoki Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Dominance Relationship ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Worker Attacks ◽  
Large Groups

Dominance hierarchy among animals is widespread in various species and believed to serve to regulate resource allocation within an animal group. Unlike small groups, however, detection and quantification of linear hierarchy in large groups of animals are a difficult task. Here, we analyse aggression-based dominance hierarchies formed by worker ants in Diacamma sp. as large directed networks. We show that the observed dominance networks are perfect or approximate directed acyclic graphs, which are consistent with perfect linear hierarchy. The observed networks are also sparse and random but significantly different from networks generated through thinning of the perfect linear tournament (i.e. all individuals are linearly ranked and dominance relationship exists between every pair of individuals). These results pertain to global structure of the networks, which contrasts with the previous studies inspecting frequencies of different types of triads. In addition, the distribution of the out-degree (i.e. number of workers that the focal worker attacks), not in-degree (i.e. number of workers that attack the focal worker), of each observed network is right-skewed. Those having excessively large out-degrees are located near the top, but not the top, of the hierarchy. We also discuss evolutionary implications of the discovered properties of dominance networks.

scholarly journals Measurement of the Early Disappearance of Iodinated (I 131 ) Serum Albumin from Circulating Blood by a Continuous Recording Method

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALTER H. PRITCHARD ◽  
THOMAS W. MOIR ◽  
WILLIAM J. MAcINTYRE ◽  
SCOTT R. INKLEY
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Continuous Recording ◽  
Recording Method

Benefits, Costs, and Determinants of Dominance in American Black Ducks

Behaviour ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Hepp
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
American Black ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractBehavioural dominance was studied in captive American black ducks (Anas rubripes) during October-December 1984. Eighty ducks were marked individually, and groups of 10 ducks consisting of 5 adults (3 males and 2 females) and 5 juveniles (3 males and 2 females) were assigned to each of 8 experimental pens. Ducks in 4 pens received an ad libitum diet, and ducks in the other 4 pens were given a restricted diet. Dominance structure within pens was linear. Adults were dominant to young, and body mass had no influence on dominance rank. The effect of sex on dominance rank was age-specific. Adult males were dominant to adult females and to young black ducks of both sexes; however, dominance rank of young males did not differ from adult or young females. Paired adults were dominant to unpaired adults and to young individuals that were either paired or unpaired. Paired young black ducks were similar in dominance rank to unpaired adults and unpaired young indicating that pairing did not make these individuals more dominant. Ducks on the restricted diet gained less body mass than ducks on the ad libitum diet (HEPP, 1986), but dominant and subordinate black ducks within treatment groups experienced similar changes in body mass during the early winter. Dominant black ducks interacted more frequently and were more likely to form pair bonds than subordinates, thus higher energy costs of dominant individuals may explain the poor relationship between physical condition and dominance rank. There was a significant positive association between the dominance ranks of pair members.

scholarly journals Quasi-Closeness: A Toolkit for Social Network Applications Involving Indirect Connections

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yugang Yin ◽  
Yahui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Exponential Decay ◽  
Sample Space ◽  
Optimal Route ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Attenuation Effect ◽  
Network Applications ◽  
Centrality Index ◽  
Geodesic Length ◽  
To Come

We come up with a punishment in the form of exponential decay for the number of vertices that a path passes through, which is able to reconcile the contradictory effects of geodesic length and edge weights. This core thought is the key to handling three typical applications; that is, given an information demander, he may be faced with the following problems: choosing optimal route to contact the single supplier, picking out the best supplier between multiple candidates, and calculating his point centrality, which involves indirect connections. Accordingly, three concrete solutions in one logic thread are proposed. Firstly, by adding a constraint to Dijkstra algorithm, we limit our candidates for optimal route to the sample space of geodesics. Secondly, we come up with a unified standard for the comparison between adjacent and nonadjacent vertices. Through punishment in the form of exponential decay, the attenuation effect caused by the number of vertices that a path passes through has been offset. Then the adjacent vertices and punished nonadjacent vertices can be compared directly. At last, an unprecedented centrality index, quasi-closeness, is ready to come out, with direct and indirect connections being summed up.

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