Production of cellulosic ethanol and enzyme from waste fiber sludge using SSF, recycling of hydrolytic enzymes and yeast, and recombinant cellulase-producing Aspergillus niger

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1191-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Cavka ◽  
Björn Alriksson ◽  
Shaunita H. Rose ◽  
Willem H. van Zyl ◽  
Leif J. Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Fiber Sludge ◽  
Recombinant Cellulase

scholarly journals Biomass of unconventional plants from Brazilian semiarid as substrate for hydrolytic enzymes production by Aspergillus niger under solid and submerged fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e48257
Author(s):  
Bruna dos Santos Menezes ◽  
Kátia dos Santos Morais ◽  
Aparecido Almeida Conceição ◽  
Juliana Gomes Barreto Souza Leite ◽  
Fábia Giovana do Val de Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Cmcase Activity ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Activity Temperature

Aspergillus niger KIJH was grown in solid and submerged fermentation using leaves and roots (with and without bark) of plants typically from Brazilian semiarid as substrate to produce a multienzymatic extract, which was characterised for its potential biotechnological applications. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) was applied to select the most promising plants biomass as induction substrates for the production of hydrolytic enzymes by fungus. The best biomasses were used as substrate in submerged fermentation (SmF) assays at two scales. Samples of up scale fermented culture were partially purified by ultrafiltration and activity and pH and temperature stability of CMCase and xylanase were evaluated. A. niger KIJH produced hydrolytic enzymes under SSF containing unconventional plants biomass from Brazilian semiarid. In SmF conditions, maximum CMCase (0.264 U mL-1) and xylanase (1.163 U mL-1) activities were induced by Jacaratia corumbensis. Scaling up the SmF to 500 mL of medium was able to maintain constant the production of CMCase (0.346 U mL-1) and xylanase (1.273 U mL-1) on the fermented culture. Ultrafiltered and concentrated extract presented CMCase activities practically constant in all temperature ranges (30-80°C) and pH (3.0-9.0), while xylanase optimum activity temperature was 50°C and pH in the range of 3.0 to 5.0. CMCase activity remained stable for 24 hours at 50°C and xylanase was reduced in 53% after two hours incubation at the same temperature. CMCase and xylanase obtained by A. niger KIJH cultivated in submerged culture containing J. corumbensis as carbon source may have application in biotechnology processes that require enzymes that remain active under routine extreme conditions.

scholarly journals A novel strain of Aspergillus niger producing a cocktail of hydrolytic depolymerising enzymes for the production of second generation biofuels

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Bansal ◽  
Rupinder Tewari ◽  
Jugal Kishore Gupta ◽  
Raman Soni ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Soni
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Second Generation Biofuels ◽  
Pectinolytic Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

The screening and isolation of fungi producing a cocktail of hydrolytic enzymes was studied. Among the various isolates obtained from different soil samples, a strain NS-2 was selected. The phylogenetic analysis of this strain showed highest homology (99%) with Aspergillus niger. It was capable of producing cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, amylolytic, and pectinolytic enzymes in appreciable titers on wheat bran based liquid and solid state media. The mixture of enzymes produced by this organism could effectively hydrolyze various domestic waste residues, revealing conversion efficiencies of 89 to 92% and produced high reducing sugar yields of 0.48 to 0.66 g/g of dry residue. This enzyme cocktail could potentially find a significant application in the conversion of agricultural and other waste residues having cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, and pectin as carbohydrates to produce simpler sugars which can be fermented for the production of second generation biofuels.

scholarly journals Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia (SAA) Pretreatment of Whole Corn Kernels for Cellulosic Ethanol Production from the Fiber Fractions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Norvell ◽  
Nhuan Nghiem
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Corn Fiber ◽  
Dry Grind ◽  
Fibrous Matrix ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
Corn Kernels

Corn fiber is a co-product of commercial ethanol dry-grind plants, which is processed into distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and used as animal feed, yet it holds high potential to be used as feedstock for additional ethanol production. Due to the tight structural make-up of corn fiber, a pretreatment step is necessary to make the cellulose and hemicellulose polymers in the solid fibrous matrix more accessible to the hydrolytic enzymes. A pretreatment process was developed in which whole corn kernels were soaked in aqueous solutions of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 wt% ammonia at 105oC for 24 h. The pretreated corn then was subjected to a conventional mashing procedure and subsequently ethanol fermentation using a commercial strain of natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae with addition of a commercial cellulase. Pretreatment of the corn with 7.5 wt% ammonia solution plus cellulase addition gave highest ethanol production, which improved the yield in fermentation using 25 wt% solid from 334 g ethanol/kg corn obtained in the control (no pretreatment and no cellulase addition) to 379 g ethanol/kg corn (a 14% increase). The process developed can potentially be implemented in existing dry-grind ethanol facilities as a “bolt-on” process for additional ethanol production from corn fiber, and this additional ethanol can then qualify as “cellulosic ethanol” by the EPA’s Renewable Fuels Standard and thereby receive RINS (Renewable Identification Numbers).

scholarly journals Production of cellulase from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei mixed culture in carboxymethylcellulose medium as sole carbon

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dia Septiani ◽  
HERMAN SURYADI ◽  
Abdul Mun'im ◽  
WIBOWO MANGUNWARDOYO
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Cellulose Depolymerization

Abstract. Septiani D, Suryadi H, Mun’im A, Mangunwardoyo W. 2019. Production of cellulase from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei mixed culture in carboxymethylcellulose medium as sole carbon. Biodiversitas 20: 3539-3544. Cellulase is one of hydrolytic enzymes that breakdown cellulose into glucose. Cellulases are promising to be applied in natural products which may improve the yield of bioactive in plant extract through cellulose depolymerization. Cellulases from mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei can produce a high cellulase activity because of the synergism activity among endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and also β-glucoside. Cellulase production and partial purification of monoculture and mixed culture (1:1) of these fungi on carboxymethylcellulose media were investigated in this study. Total cellulase activity was measured by filter paper assay followed by protein estimation with Bradford method. The crude extract of Aspergillus niger monoculture has the highest cellulase activity (0.131 U/mL, P<005) followed by mixed culture (0.109 U/mL) and Trichoderma reesei (0.106 U/mL). The cellulase activity of partially purified cellulase from mixed culture significantly increased (0.335, 0.348, 0.374 U/mL, P<0.05) compared to crude extract along with stepwise addition of ammonium sulfate. Cellulase activity of mixed culture at 80% ammonium sulfate increase up to 2.238-fold and showed highest value (P<0.05) compared to monocultures. In conclusion, combination of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei fungi in carboxymethyl cellulose media followed by 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation can be a promising cellulase production with high cellulase activity.

scholarly journals Solid-state cultivation of Aspergillus niger–Trichoderma reesei from sugarcane bagasse with vinasse in bench packed-bed column bioreactor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Macedo Rocha ◽  
Beatriz Silva Campanhol ◽  
Reinaldo Gaspar Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Acid Yield

Abstract Solid-state cultivation (SSC) is microbial growth on solid supports under limited water conditions. Citric acid, one of the products obtained by SSC, is a microbial aerobic metabolic product with various industrial applications. Several wastes from agro-industries are used in SSC, such as sugarcane bagasse and vinasse. As xylanolytic enzymes of inoculum breakdown the lignocellulosic material (bagasse), mixed fungal cultures or co-cultures are used in these SSC. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of inoculum (Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei consortium) in the production of citric acid from sugarcane bagasse impregnated with vinasse using bench packed bed reactors (PBR). The results show the importance of T. reesei in inoculum with A. niger at a ratio of 50:50 and 25:75, suggesting the use of solid support due to the complementation of the hydrolytic enzymes. The highest concentration of approximately 1000 mg L− 1 of citric acid yield for 100 mm of bed height in 48 and 72 h, with the maximum yield from glucose to citric acid (2.2 mg citric acid mg glucose−1). kLa indicates that maintaining solid moisture and liquid film thickness is important to keep the oxygen transfer in SSC.

scholarly journals Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia (SAA) Pretreatment of Whole Corn Kernels for Cellulosic Ethanol Production from the Fiber Fractions

Fermentation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Katherine Norvell ◽  
Nhuan Nghiem
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Corn Fiber ◽  
Dry Grind ◽  
Fibrous Matrix ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
Corn Kernels

Corn fiber is a co-product of commercial ethanol dry-grind plants, which is processed into distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and used as animal feed, yet it holds high potential to be used as feedstock for additional ethanol production. Due to the tight structural make-up of corn fiber, a pretreatment step is necessary to make the cellulose and hemicellulose polymers in the solid fibrous matrix more accessible to the hydrolytic enzymes. A pretreatment process was developed in which whole corn kernels were soaked in aqueous solutions of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 wt% ammonia at 105 °C for 24 h. The pretreated corn then was subjected to a conventional mashing procedure and subsequent ethanol fermentation using a commercial strain of natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae with addition of a commercial cellulase. Pretreatment of the corn with 7.5 wt% ammonia solution plus cellulase addition gave the highest ethanol production, which improved the yield in fermentation using 25 wt% solid from 334 g ethanol/kg corn obtained in the control (no pretreatment and no cellulase addition) to 379 g ethanol/kg corn (a 14% increase). The process developed can potentially be implemented in existing dry-grind ethanol facilities as a “bolt-on” process for additional ethanol production from corn fiber, and this additional ethanol can then qualify as “cellulosic ethanol” by the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Renewable Fuels Standard and thereby receive RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers).

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