Numerous "signal-processing products" are now driving the semiconductor market for SOC solutions enabling real-time performance, low-cost, low-power, portability, etc. A primary limit on the types of electronic (or other) functions that will be integrated into future SOCs is cost of integration, which tends to grow non-linearly with process complexity and chip area. A near-continuum of System-on/in-X solutions is emerging between traditional System-on-Chip and System-on-Board. These approaches span the tradeoff between bandwidth and cost. For the foreseeable future, digital CMOS will continue to serve as a "host platform" for integrating a wide range of mechanical, optical, biological, and, perhaps, even "quantum" technologies.