scholarly journals Changing trends in liver cancer incidence by race/ethnicity and sex in the US: 1992–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1377-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Salvatore ◽  
Jihyoun Jeon ◽  
Rafael Meza
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Hispanic Males ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Purpose Liver cancer incidence continues to increase while incidence of most other cancers is decreasing. We analyze recent and long-term trends of US liver cancer incidence by race/ethnicity and sex to best understand where to focus preventive efforts. Methods Liver cancer incidence rates from 1992 to 2016 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. Delay-adjusted age-standardized incidence trends by race/ethnicity and sex were analyzed using joinpoint regression. Age-specific incidence was analyzed using age-period-cohort models. Hepatitis C seroprevalence by cohort was calculated using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Results Liver cancer incidence has peaked in males and Asian or Pacific Islanders. Hispanic males, a high-incidence population, are experiencing a decrease in incidence, although not yet statistically significant. In contrast, incidence continues to increase in females, although at lower rates than in the 1990s, and American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). Liver cancer incidence continues to be higher in males. Non-Hispanic Whites have the lowest incidence among racial/ethnic groups. Trends largely reflect differences in incidence by birth-cohort, which increased considerably, particularly in males, for those born around the 1950s, and continues to increase in females and AI/ANs. The patterns in males are likely driven by cohort variations in Hepatitis C infection. Conclusions Liver cancer incidence appears to have peaked among males. However, important differences in liver cancer trends by race/ethnicity and sex remain, highlighting the need for monitoring trends across different groups. Preventive interventions should focus on existing liver cancer disparities, targeting AI/ANs, females, and high-incidence groups.

scholarly journals Is gastric cancer becoming a rare disease? A global assessment of predicted incidence trends to 2035

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Arnold ◽  
Jin Young Park ◽  
M Constanza Camargo ◽  
Nuno Lunet ◽  
David Forman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Low Incidence

ObjectivesThe incidence of gastric cancer continues to decrease globally, approaching levels that in some populations could define it as a rare disease. To explore this on a wider scale, we predict its future burden in 34 countries with long-standing population-based data.MethodsData on gastric cancer incidence by year of diagnosis, sex and age were extracted for 92 cancer registries in 34 countries included in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus. Numbers of new cases and age-standardised incidence rates (ASR per 100 000) were predicted up to 2035 by fitting and extrapolating age–period–cohort models.ResultsOverall gastric cancer incidence rates are predicted to continue falling in the future in the majority of countries, including high-incidence countries such as Japan (ASR 36 in 2010 vs ASR 30 in 2035) but also low-incidence countries such as Australia (ASR 5.1 in 2010 vs ASR 4.6 in 2035). A total of 16 countries are predicted to fall below the rare disease threshold (defined as 6 per 100 000 person-years) by 2035, while the number of newly diagnosed cases remains high and is predicted to continue growing. In contrast, incidence increases were seen in younger age groups (below age 50 years) in both low-incidence and high-incidence populations.ConclusionsWhile gastric cancer is predicted to become a rare disease in a growing number of countries, incidence levels remain high in some regions, and increasing risks have been observed in younger generations. The predicted growing number of new cases highlights that gastric cancer remains a major challenge to public health on a global scale.

Epidemiology of viral hepatitis infections in an area of southern Italy with high incidence rates of liver cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Fusco ◽  
Enrico Girardi ◽  
Pierluca Piselli ◽  
Raffaele Palombino ◽  
Jerry Polesel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
High Incidence

scholarly journals Trends in cancer incidence in Uruguay:2002 - 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Garau ◽  
Carina Musetti ◽  
Rafael Alonso ◽  
Enrique Barrios
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
National Cancer Registry ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Life Style Changes

Background: Uruguay is the southamerican country which has the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates. The National Cancer Registry collects data on cancer cases nationwide since 1989 and has reached high quality standards in the last decades. This is the first report on incidence trends. Methods: Data from the National Cancer Registry of all new cases of invasive cancer from twelve sites diagnosed in 2002-2015 was analyzed. Age-standardized rates were calculated. Trends of incidence rates were analyzed using joinpoint regression models. Results For both, men and women, incidence rates trends for all cancer sites, colo-rectal and bladder cancer remained stable. Esophageal and gastric cancers descend while Thyroid and kidney cancer incidence increased. In men lung cancer decreased; testicular cancer increased, and prostate cancer increased at the beginning of the period and decreased in the final years. In women; lung cancer increased, breast cancer remained stable and cervical cancer presented a significant decline from 2005 to 2010 and reached a plateau since then. Conclusion: Cancer incidence dynamics are complex and affected not only by Public Health policies such as tobacco control, vaccination and screening programs, but also by environmental and life style changes and the attitude of the medical community towards the application of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The aim of this paper is to analyze cancer incidence time trends in the country and provide possible explanations to them.

Racial and age specific differences in localized and metastatic prostate cancer incidence: 1988-2013.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 211-211
Author(s):  
Marc Dall'Era ◽  
Ralph deVere White ◽  
Danielle Rodgriguez ◽  
Rosemary Donaldson Cress
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Metastatic Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Localized Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

211 Background: The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against routine PSA based prostate cancer screening in all men in 2012. This led to dramatic reductions in screening and rates of localized disease across all clinical risk groups. We sought to study the impact of this on rates of metastatic disease, specifically by patient race and age. Methods: We analyzed new prostate cancer incidence by stage at diagnosis between 1988-2013 within the Cancer Registry of Greater California. We further stratified cases by four major race/ethnicity groups (non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black (NHB), Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian/PI (API)) and age. Incidence rates were calculated and compared per 100,000 and age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population. Joinpoint regression was used to detect changes in incidence and to calculate the average percent change (APC). Results: Adjusted rates of remote prostate cancer incidence for NHW men increased slightly in the most recent decade (+0.28%) after steady declines in previous years with the inflection point occurring in 2002, however this was not statistically significant. In contrast, incidence of remote prostate cancer continued to decline for NHB (-2.73%), Hispanic (-2.04%), and API (-1.45%) men. The greatest increase of +1.1% a year since 2002 was observed for NHW men under age 65. The incidence of localized prostate cancer declined for all race/ethnicity groups over the most recent time period and also declined in all age groups. After remaining relatively flat since 1992, incidence of localized prostate cancer among NHW men declined by over 8% per year starting in 2007 compared with a more gradual decline of -3.52% a year since 2000 for NHB, and more recent declines of -14.41% and -16.64% for Hispanic and API men, respectively. Incidence of regional stage cancer also declined in all groups, but less dramatically. Conclusions: Incidence rates of newly metastatic prostate cancer have not significantly changed since PSA screening declined in the US although we noted a slight upward trend primarily for younger, white men since 2002.

International Liver Cancer Incidence Trends—Letter

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. McGlynn ◽  
W. Thomas London
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence Trends

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Incidence Rates in Texas Counties 1995–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Salas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

As of 2014, Texas has the 6th highest incidence rate and the 5th highest mortality rate of cervical cancer in the nation. In addition, Texas ranks 3rd to last in the United States in human papilloma (HPV) vaccinations, which helps prevent one of the leading causes of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer incidence rates in Texas remain high, despite it becoming one the most successfully preventable treatable cancers in the United States due to a combination of screenings and HPV vaccinations. Furthermore, spatial distribution of cervical cancer is unknown among Texas counties. This study will follow the political ecology model to elaborate on the political, historical, social, and economic factors that may explain why HPV vaccinations are low and the incidence rate remains high despite the interventions available to people in Texas. This study will examine the geography of cervical cancer in Texas counties from 1995 - 2015 as well as its relationship with religious adherence, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and uninsured rates. I will use a bivariate correlation to relate these factors with cancer incidence rates and ArcMap to create maps to illustrate the spatial distribution of these diseases. The data will be obtained from the Texas Cancer Registry, Texas County Health Rankings 2018, and the Association of Religion Data (CDC) Archives (ARDA). I expect that cervical cancer rates will decline after the introduction of the HPV vaccine in 2007, but areas with higher religious adherence will have higher rates of cervical cancer. In addition, I expect that uninsured rates, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors could possibly impact cervical cancer incidence rates.

Age disparities in the trend of colorectal cancer incidence in California.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12528-e12528
Author(s):  
Jason A. Zell ◽  
Kathryn E. Singh ◽  
Thomas H. Taylor ◽  
Chuan-Ju G. Pan ◽  
Michael J. Stamos
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Hispanic Males ◽  
Incidence Trends

e12528 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has decreased over the past three decades, due in part to screening for pre-malignant polyps. Relatively little is known about CRC incidence among adults under age 50 (when screening recommendations commence for average-risk individuals). We examined CRC incidence trends with a focus on adults under age 50, in order to identify high-risk subgroups. Methods: 231,544 incident CRC cases (including 21,220 adults <50) from the California Cancer Registry from 1988-2009 were analyzed. We assessed age-specific incidence rates by race/ethnic group, gender, and tumor location within the colorectum, and calculated annual percent change (APC) to monitor change in incidence over the 21-year study period. Results: We observed increased CRC incidence rates in the adult population under age 50 in all examined race/ethnic groups, especially in Hispanic males (APC=+7.5%/p=0.0001) and Caucasian females (APC=+6.5%/p<0.0001). Young individuals were also more likely to present with metastatic disease at diagnosis. Overall, African Americans had the highest overall incidence rates and were most likely to present with metastatic disease compared to other groups. Conclusions: Incidence of CRC in adults under 50 is increasing across all race/ethnic groups. The high frequency of metastatic disease at initial presentation in this age group is particularly concerning. However, a considerable limitation of this analysis is the lack of data on family history of CRC. Our observations highlight the importance of identifying at-risk adults under age 50, especially those in higher-risk race/ethnic groups, with the overarching goal of decreasing the burden of CRC through screening and early detection.

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