Calculation of the high heat value of biofuels

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Semenov ◽  
D. U. Semenova ◽  
V. P. Slipushenko
Keyword(s):  
High Heat ◽  
Heat Value

Special Light Weight Aero Engine

1922 ◽  
Vol 26 (136) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
A. E. L. Chorlton
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Aero Engines ◽  
Aviation Engines ◽  
Direct Use

The high performance engine, whether military or commercial, is essentially the light one.The motor which made flying possible was an internal combustion engine, and the basic reason of its success was the direct use of an easily volatile fuel of high heat value, namely, petrol.The first engine developed to use this fuel was that of Daimler, and all motor-car, boat and aviation engines have sprung from this engine.In order to more readily have in mind our problem, we can with advantage briefly run through the main aero engines so far constructed with the progressive results of tests.The engine of Gottlieb Daimler is illustrated by Slide No. I. It had automatic inlet valves and exhaust governing, the latter being a point to be noted.The next slide shows the engine of the Wright Brothers. This engine weighed 8.75 lbs. per B.H.P. inclusive; the most successful engine of to-day weighs under 3 lbs. inclusive.

Biomass Oxygen-Enriched Gasification in a Pressurized Fluidized Bed for Production of Middle/High Heat-Value Fuel Gas

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 450-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Bao Sheng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Hydrocarbon Synthesis ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Heat Value

For biomass gasification, the high tar and carbon monoxide contents and the low heat value of fuel gas are problems to be solved, which leading to the poor operating conditions of the completed projects in China. Therefore, a new technology of biomass oxygen-enriched gasification in pressurized fluidized bed is proposed. Coupling the technologies of pressurized biomass oxygen-enriched gasification at low temperature, high-temperature gasification and melting, steam reforming and hydrocarbon synthesis, the high gasification efficiency, tar cracking and gas reforming shall be realized, and the middle/high heat value gas which meets the national standards will be produced. ASPEN PLUS simulation was carried out for biomass oxygen-enriched gasification. Both the equivalent ratio and gas yield of rice husk are lower than that of the wood sawdust, while the gas calorific values are equivalent. Considering the gas yield, the calorific value and economy, the optimum operating conditions are obtained: the gasification temperature at 1200 °C, the oxygen purity at 0.9, the equivalent ratio at about 0.25, the S/B ratio at 0.1~0.2. The gas yield could reach 1.9 m3/kg, and the gas calorific value was above 11 MJ/m3.

scholarly journals Productivity and chemical composition of wood tissues of short rotation willow coppice cultivated on arable land

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Szczukowski ◽  
J. Tworkowski ◽  
A. Klasa ◽  
M. Stolarski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
One Year

In the period 1996–1999 field trial was performed in Obory near Kwidzyn on heavy textured Fluvisols. The experiment was aimed to determine yield, chemical composition, heat value of wood of six genotypes of willow coppice in relation to cutting frequency and on determining the costs and profitability of willow production on arable land for purposes of energy generation. Yield of wood dry matter in one-year cutting cycle amounted to 14.09 t/ha/year 1 and significantly increased to 16.05 and 21.55 t/ha/year when harvesting was performed in two and three years cycle, respectively. The highest yield was found for Salix viminalis 082 form cut in three years cycle and it amounted to 26.44 t/ha/year 1. Stems of Salix sp. cut every three years showed the lowest water content (46.05%), high heat value 19.56 MJ/kg dry matter and the highest content of cellulose (55.94%), lignins (13.79%) and hemicelluloses (13.96%). High yielding potential of Salix sp. and high content of cellulose and lignin in wood make this crop very prosperous as a feedstock for bioenergy production. The highest profit from the willow plantation was obtained in case of harvest every three years at 578.76 EUR/ha/year.

Gasification Characteristics of a Novel Domestic Straw Gasifier

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 423-426
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Zhi Guo Tang ◽  
Pei Yong Ma ◽  
Xian Guo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Shaped Tube ◽  
Heat Value

In this paper, A novel domestic straw gasifier, with an inner U-shaped tube in which porous ceramics was placed to crack the tar carried by producer gas, is put forward. From experiments results, it can be investigated that producer gas with low tar content and high heat value could be obtained.

Production of High Heat Value Fuels by Microwave Pyrolysis of Microalgae Oil Soap under Nitrogen Environments

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2545-2550
Author(s):  
Yu Pu Wang ◽  
Yu Huan Liu ◽  
Rong Sheng Ruan ◽  
Yi Qin Wan ◽  
Jin Sheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Microwave Pyrolysis ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Microalgae Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Liquid ◽  
Heating Technology

The purpose of this study is to preparing high heat value fuels. In present investigation, sodium soap made from microalgae oil was used as the experimental material with significant molecular polarity, then by using microwave heating technology, which may preferentially activate the polar molecule and functional groups of the soap molecular, leading to the high selectivity of decarboxylation. The hydrocarbon content arrived maximum in 900W, when was investigated in different microwave radiation power, obtained pyrolysis liquid similar with high heat value fuel. The hydrocarbon content were usually above 70%. In addition, its density and dynamic viscosity are 0.845-0.870g/cm3 and 2.15-2.70mm2/s.

scholarly journals A meta-study on the feasibility of the implementation of new clean coal technologies to existing coal-fired power plants in an effort to decrease carbon emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 30-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Davies ◽  
Abhishek Malik ◽  
Jimmy Li ◽  
Thiha Nanda Aung
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Pulverized Coal Combustion ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Clean Coal ◽  
Heat Value

The renewable energy sector has experienced an incredible growth in the last 15 years. The dependency on fossil fuel based power plants is still likely to continue well into the next half century. The global thermal efficiency of coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) since the 1980s has largely remained stagnant at 30-39% (high heat value basis)(2). Recent advances in materials and thermodynamics technologies has allowed for the efficiency of new pilot plants to be increased to 45%, even beyond 50% in some cases(3). The manufacture of these new highly efficient ultra-supercritical (USC) steam cycle CFPPs is an economically and politically difficult prospect. Therefore, it is necessary to investigates methods to apply the thermodynamic improvements available in modern USC CFPPs to the currently operating majority of subcritical (SubC) power plants without a large overhaul in infrastructure i.e. through retrofitting. This meta study will provide an analysis in the trends of the overall and intra-system efficiency of CFPPs, the development new clean coal technologies, then discuss and conclude the feasibility of applying these processes to current power plant infrastructure. A thermodynamic analysis of the most promising clean coal technologies, i.e. advanced pulverized coal combustion systems, oxy-fuel, pre and post-combustion carbon capture systems, steam reheat cycles, co-firing systems, will allow the investigation into whether retrofitting current power plants will generate a significant increase in efficiency. Thereby allowing for the discussion of the viability of retrofitting for the reduction in CFPP carbon emissions and the recommendation of specific options.

scholarly journals Thermochemical Decomposition of Sewage Sludge � An Eco-Friendly Solution for a Sustainable Energy Future by Using Wastes

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
Anca Zaharioiu ◽  
Felicia Bucura ◽  
Eusebiu Ilarian Ionete ◽  
Roxana Elena Ionete ◽  
Daniela Ebrasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils

The study aims to promote clean energy technologies that ensure the recycling and recovery of waste, namely the sewage sludge (SS), by converting it into products (e.g. oil, gas) with added value, contributing thus to reducing the negative impact on environment and health. An experimental setup was proposed in order to achieve the pyrolysis process, by varying the heating rate, (5�C/min, 10�C/min and 50�C/min). The resulted products, namely i) char - SSPyChar, ii) oil - SSPyOil and iii) gas - SSPyGas, were investigated in terms of elemental content, high heat value (HHV), low heat value (LHV) and emission factor (EF). The pyrolysis oils obtained with lower heating rate, 5�C/min and 10 �C/min, presented higher HHV, in comparison with the oils obtained at 50 �C/min, which were rich in water. These oils can have a negative impact on the environment, through their combustion due to their high content of N (6 wt%) and S (1.2 wt%), responsible for the formation of NOx and SOx. Pyrolysis gas revealed in its composition high contents of hydrocarbons (C1-C6), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2). The highest HHV was obtained by using 5�C/min increment, namely 33.81 MJ/m3. Also, the pyrolysis gases had comparable energy values with natural gas, biogas or gases resulted from the plastic pyrolysis.

Mathematical Modeling for the Prediction of Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from their FAME Composition

2010 ◽  
Vol 450 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Soupayan Mitra ◽  
P.K. Bose ◽  
Sudipta Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Alternative Diesel Fuel ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Fame Composition

The mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats, known as biodiesel have received significant attention as an alternative diesel fuel. In the present study fuel properties like viscosity, density and High Heat Value (HHV) of ten biodiesels namely Corn, Cottonseed, Linseed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Soybean, Sunflower, Mahua, Jatropha and Palm are predicted using their FAME ( Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) composition by regression analysis and the results obtained are compared and found to be in good agreement with reported literature values.

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