scholarly journals A multimodal corpus of simulated consultations between a patient and multiple healthcare professionals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Snaith ◽  
Nicholas Conway ◽  
Tessa Beinema ◽  
Dominic De Franco ◽  
Alison Pease ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Language Resources ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
Multimodal Corpus ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
Patient Consultation ◽  
Design Construction

AbstractLanguage resources for studying doctor–patient interaction are rare, primarily due to the ethical issues related to recording real medical consultations. Rarer still are resources that involve more than one healthcare professional in consultation with a patient, despite many chronic conditions requiring multiple areas of expertise for effective treatment. In this paper, we present the design, construction and output of the Patient Consultation Corpus, a multimodal corpus of simulated consultations between a patient portrayed by an actor, and at least two healthcare professionals with different areas of expertise. As well as the transcribed text from each consultation, the corpus also contains audio and video where for each consultation: the audio consists of individual tracks for each participant, allowing for clear identification of speakers; the video consists of two framings for each participant—upper-body and face—allowing for close analysis of behaviours and gestures. Having presented the design and construction of the corpus, we then go on to briefly describe how the multi-modal nature of the corpus allows it to be analysed from several different perspectives.

Social and Ethical Concerns of Biomedical Engineering Research and Practice

2011 ◽  
pp. 54-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snehasish Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Bioethical Issues

Biomedical engineering is an advanced and relatively new field in the healthcare sector. Owing to the very nature of the various professional challenges faced by healthcare professionals, the moral and ethical values seem to have taken the backburner. The factors contributing to it may include a sound knowledge of the healthcare professional on the legally-permissible ethical values, and the desperate situations requiring precise split-moment decision-making. No technological advancement without a human face is worth it, and hence, during the course of the degree, a biomedical engineering student needs to be exposed to various ethical issues through theory, live cases and demonstrations. Being intrinsically multi- and inter-disciplinary, biomedical engineering lacks precise ethical rules that delineate and delimit professional responsibility, thus blurring the ethical understanding of biomedical engineering. The solution seems to lie in giving due place to human virtues. In the coming days, bioethical issues are expected to be increasingly complicated and dominating the decision-making process owing to the advancements in sciences, and the ever-complicated cases handled by healthcare professionals. A global healthcare and ethics-related online open-access portal may serve as a common platform for all the stakeholders in the interest and ethical growth of biomedical engineering in particular and medical sciences in general.

Participant-Observation as a Method for Analyzing Avatar Design in User-Generated Virtual Worlds

2011 ◽  
pp. 469-481
Author(s):  
Jeremy O. Turner ◽  
Janet McCracken ◽  
Jim Bizzocchi
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Participant Observer

This chapter explores the epistemological, and ethical boundaries of the application of a participant-observer methodology for analyzing avatar design in user-generated virtual worlds. We describe why Second Life was selected as the preferred platform for studying the fundamental design properties of avatars in a situated manner. We will situate the specific case study within the broader context of ethnographic qualitative research methodologies, particularly focusing on what it means to live – and role-play - within the context that one is studying, or to facilitate prolonged engagement in order to have the research results accepted as trustworthy or credible (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). This chapter describes a case study where researchers can extract methods and techniques for studying “in-world” workshops and focus groups. Our speculations and research questions drawn from a close analysis of this case study will illuminate the possible limitations of applying similar hybrid iterations of participation-observation tactics and translations of disciplinary frameworks into the study of user-generated content for future virtual world communities. Finally, we will review the broader epistemological and ethical issues related to the role of the participant-observation researcher in the study of virtual worlds.

scholarly journals Ethics in the operating room; the anesthesiologist's responsibility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos R Degrandi Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
Public Expectations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face

Anesthesiologists are professionals who practice their expertise in an acute process with a very short withdrawal period, which does not allow them many philosophical ramblings. However, they are professionals who must be increasingly concerned with ethical issues if they are to survive in the market and succeed in the face of ever-increasing public expectations that all physicians must take care of in a shrinking world of today due to rapidly expanding social and electronic media. The operating room is particularly a place prone to interpersonal conflicts, as a wide range of healthcare professionals perform their tasks here, with overlapping and sometimes poorly defined areas of responsibility. Acting on behalf of their patients, anesthesiologists can be considered their moral agents and guardians in their shared work environment. Citation: Oliveira CRD. Ethics in the operating room; the anesthesiologist's responsibility. Anaesth. pain & intensive care 2019;23(4):__

Resources and constraints for addressing ethical issues in medical humanitarian work: Experiences of expatriate healthcare professionals

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Hunt, PT, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Humanitarian Relief ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Emergency Assistance ◽  
Healthcare Practice ◽  
The Impact

Objective: International nongovernmental organizations frequently provide emergency assistance in settings where armed conflict or natural disaster overwhelm the capacity of local and national agencies to respond to health and related needs of affected communities. Healthcare practice in humanitarian settings presents distinct clinical, logistical, and ethical challenges for clinicians and differs in important ways from clinical practice in the home countries of expatriate healthcare professionals. The aim of this research was to examine the moral experience of healthcare professionals who participate in humanitarian relief work.Design: I conducted a qualitative research study using interpretive description methodology.Participants: Fifteen Canadian healthcare professionals and three human resource or field coordination officers for nongovernmental organizations were interviewed.Results: In this article, I present findings related to expatriate healthcare professionals’ experiences of resources and constraints for addressing ethical issues in humanitarian crises. Resources for ethics deliberation and reflection include the following: opportunities for discussion; accessing and understanding local perspectives; access to outside perspectives; attitudes, such as humility, open-mindedness, and reflexivity; and development of good moral “reflexes.” Constraints for deliberation and reflection relate to three domains: individual considerations, contextual features of humanitarian relief work, and local team and project factors.Conclusion: These findings illuminate the complex nature of ethical reflection, deliberation, and decision-making in humanitarian healthcare practice. Healthcare professionals and relief organizations should seek to build upon resources for addressing ethical issues. When possible, they should minimize the impact of features that function as constraints.

scholarly journals Ethical Considerations for Participatory Health through Social Media: Healthcare Workforce and Policy Maker Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 071-076
Author(s):  
Octavio Rivera-Romero ◽  
Stathis Konstantinidis ◽  
Kerstin Denecke ◽  
Elia Gabarrón ◽  
Carolyn Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Policy Makers

Summary Objectives: To identify the different ethical issues that should be considered in participatory health through social media from different stakeholder perspectives (i.e., patients/service users, health professionals, health information technology (If) professionals, and policy makers) in any healthcare context. Methods: We implemented a two-round survey composed of open ended questions in the first round, aggregated into a list of ethical issues rated for importance by participants in the second round, to generate a ranked list of possible ethical issues in participatory health based on healthcare professionals’ and policy makers’ opinions on both their own point of view and their beliefs for other stakeholders’ perspectives. Results: Twenty-six individuals responded in the first round of the survey. Multiple ethical issues were identified for each perspective. Data privacy, data security, and digital literacy were common themes in all perspectives. Thirty-three individuals completed the second round of the survey. Data privacy and data security were ranked among the three most important ethical issues in all perspectives. Quality assurance was the most important issue from the healthcare professionals’ perspective and the second most important issue from the patients’ perspective. Data privacy was the most important consideration for patients/service users. Digital literacy was ranked as the fourth most important issue, except for policy makers’ perspective. Conclusions: Different stakeholders’ opinions fairly agreed that there are common ethical issues that should be considered across the four groups (patients, healthcare professionals, health IT professionals, policy makers) such as data privacy, security, and quality assurance.

Divided Minds and Successive Selves: Ethical Issues in Disorders of Identity and Personality, by Jennifer Radden. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996. 296 pp. $55.00.

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
David M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Dissociative Identity Disorder ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Abnormal Psychology ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Memory Experience

Jennifer Radden's subtitle nicely summarizes the set of concerns that animate this rich and provocative book. Radden's aims are at once conceptual and normative. What degree of continuity (over time) or unity (at a time) do selves or persons really possess? And how ought healthcare professionals and others deal with individuals whose selves become “fragmented” or “divided” in various ways? Radden's analysis blends theoretical investigations in the philosophy of mind and metaphysics with key findings in abnormal psychology and psychotherapy to illuminate a nest of issues: Can we legitimately speak of one body housing or supporting more than one “person”? To what extent does our normatively charged notion of “person” presuppose a self that is integrated by continuities of memory, experience, and agency? Must legal conceptions of individual responsibility for civil or criminal wrongs be construed to require a continuous and unified “self” who is accountable? Are paternalistically motivated therapeutic interventions justifiable when dealing with dissociative-identity disorder on the grounds that they protect one “self” from another? Ought psychiatric advance directives be enforceable? What should be the normative goals of therapeutic practice with regard to individuals whose selves are fragmented?

scholarly journals Supporting Decision Making in Intensive Care: Ethical Principles for Managing Access to Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano D'Errico ◽  
Martina Padovano ◽  
Matteo Scopetti ◽  
Federico Manetti ◽  
Martina Zanon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Critical Issues

The pandemic from COVID-19 causes a health threat for many countries and requires an internationally coordinated response due to the high spread of the infection. The current local and international situation gives rise to logistical and ethical considerations regarding the imbalance between needs for assistance and availability of health resources in the continuation of the emergency. A shortage condition will require healthcare professionals to choose between patients who will have access to respiratory support and those who will have to continue without. The sharing of criteria for the introduction of patients to the different therapeutic paths is fundamental to prevent the onset of ethical issues. The present paper analyzes the critical issues related to the scarcity of healthcare resources and the limitation of access to intensive care with the aim of proposing ethically sustainable principles for the management of the current pandemic situation.

Ethical issues in genomic research: Proposing guiding principles co-produced with stakeholders

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
D Carrieri ◽  
L Jackson ◽  
C Bewshea ◽  
B Prainsack ◽  
J Mansfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Research Ethics Committees ◽  
Patient Support ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
The Uk

Ethical guidance for genomic research is increasingly sought and perceived to be necessary. Although there are pressing ethical issues in genomic research – concerning for example the recruitment of patients/participants; the process of taking consent; data sharing; and returning results to patients/participants – there is still limited useful guidance available for researchers/clinicians or for the research ethics committees who review such projects.  This report outlines the ethical principles and guidance for genomic research co-produced with stakeholders during two workshops which took place in the UK between November 2016 and May 2017. The stakeholders involved in these workshops included: healthcare professionals, genomic research teams, academics, patients, biobank managers, and representatives from the Health Research Authority (HRA), NHS Research Ethics Committees, patient support groups, pharmaceutical industry, and health policy think tanks. The co-produced principles and guidance are specifically aimed at researchers/clinicians and members of NHS Research Ethics Committees, and are formulated with the intention to be clear and accessible, both in terms of content and language, to these groups.

scholarly journals Talen en spiralen: kennis en besluitvorming in anticonceptieconsultaties met een taalbarrière

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-138
Author(s):  
Ella van Hest ◽  
July De Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Language Barrier ◽  
Contraceptive Counselling ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
Health Choices ◽  
Abortion Clinic ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract Misconception and contraception: knowledge and decision-making in contraceptive consultations with a language barrier Just like in general medical consultations, different domains of knowledge come together and are negotiated in contraceptive consultations, followed by decision-making on the contraceptive method. Research shows that a language barrier can hamper knowledge negotiation and decision-making in medical consultations. Our paper contributes to those findings by focussing on contraceptive counselling as a specific and underexplored consultation type. We gathered our data in a Belgian abortion clinic, where contraception is discussed during the consultations, and where an important part of the consultations are characterised by a language barrier. We adopt a Bourdieusian view on language as capital, and use a linguistic ethnographic and interactional sociolinguistic approach, complemented with analytical tools from conversation analysis on epistemics and deontics. The analysis of data fragments, ranging from a limited to a double language barrier, shows that this barrier is connected in various ways with how, and how much, knowledge is negotiated. Incomplete renditions, interruptions, epistemic and deontic claims from non-professional interpreters, along with a lack of shared contextualisation, impede clients to gather information and therefore influence decision-making. We conclude that a language barrier involves a potential risk for knowledge negotiation and decision-making in contraceptive consultations. More attention from healthcare professionals to language barriers could empower women in their sexual and reproductive health choices.

scholarly journals Ethical Issues in Decision-making Regarding the Elderly Affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Expert Opinion

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Martínez-Sellés ◽  
Helena Martínez-Sellés ◽  
Manuel Martínez-Sellés
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Ethical Decisions

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is resulting in ethical decisions regarding resource allocation. Prioritisation reflects established practices that regulate the distribution of finite resources when demand exceeds supply. However, discrimination based on sex, race or age has no role in prioritisation unless clearly justified. The risk posed by COVID-19 is higher for elderly people than for younger people, so older adults should be prioritised in preventive measures. In the case of people who already have COVID-19, healthcare professionals might prioritise those most likely to survive. Making decisions based on chronological age alone is not justified; in addition to age, other aspects that determine theoretical life expectancy must be taken into account. Individualised correct prioritisation in the allocation of scarce resources is essential to good clinical practice.

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