scholarly journals Crowdsourcing historical photographs: autonomy and control at the Copenhagen City Archives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Hansson ◽  
Anna Näslund Dahlgren
Keyword(s):  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Rich Description ◽  
Qualitative Work ◽  
Public Archives ◽  
Historical Photographs ◽  
And Control ◽  
Alternative Archives ◽  
Privately Owned

AbstractThis study of crowdsourcing practices at Kbhbilleder.dk at the Copenhagen City Archives provides a rich description of how motivation and work relations are situated in a wider infrastructure of different tools and social settings. Approximately, 94% of the work is here done by 7 of the 2,433 participants. The article contributes insights into how these super-taggers carry out their work, describing and placing images on a map, through an extensive discursive effort that takes place outside the institution’s more limited interface in private discussion forums with over 60 000 participants. The more exploratory qualitative work that is going on in different discussion groups does not fit within the archive’s technical framework. Instead, alternative archives are growing within privately owned networks, where participants’ own collections merge with images from public archives. Rather than focusing on the nature of participants’ motivation, the article suggests a relational perspective on participation that is useful for analyzing a systems’ support for participation. Pointing out how people’s motivation in citizen science correspond with relational and intra-relational aspects enables an approach to system design that potentially supports or counteracts these aspects.

La protección constitucional de los derechos a la intimidad y a la propia imagen en las relaciones laborales: una visión desde la jurisprudencia constitucional

2014 ◽  
pp. 2121-2143
Author(s):  
Luis Javier MIERES MIERES
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Free Development ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Constitutional Jurisprudence

LABURPENA: Lan-harremanen arloan funtsezkoa den intimitatearen eskubidea babesteak jurisprudentzia konstituzional zabala eta aberatsa eragin du. Intimitate-eskubideak babesten duen eremuaren baitan, intimitatearen zentzu sendoa (edo gizarteak onartzen duena) eta zentzu ahula dago (intimitate subjektiboa). Biak ala biak proiektatzen dira lan-prestazioan, enpresen zaintza-eta kontrol-ahalmenak mugatuz, eta proportzionaltasunaren printzipioa betearaziz. EKaren 18.1 artikuluak ez du babesten bizitza pribatuaren askatasuna esan ahal zaiona, baina jurisprudentzia konstituzionalak hainbat teknikaren bidez babesten ditu langileen nortasunaren garapen librearen zenbait alderdi, zuzenean bizitza pribatuarekin lotuak. RESUMEN: La protección del derecho fundamental a la intimidad en el ámbito de las relaciones laborales ha dado lugar a una amplia y rica jurisprudencia constitucional. Dentro del ámbito protegido por el derecho a la intimidad cabe distinguir entre intimidad en sentido fuerte (o intimidad socialmente reconocida) y en sentido débil (intimidad subjetivamente reservada). Ambas manifestaciones del derecho se proyectan sobre el desarrollo de la prestación laboral imponiendo límites a los poderes empresariales de vigilancia y control, cuyo ejercicio debe ajustarse al principio de proporcional. Aunque el artículo 18.1 CE no protege lo que puede denominarse la libertad de la vida privada, la jurisprudencia constitucional ha articulado distintas técnicas a fin de amparar ciertas manifestaciones del libre desarrollo de la personalidad de los trabajadores directamente vinculadas con la vida privada. ABSTRACT: The protection of the fundamental right to privacy in the area of the work relations has caused a rich and wide-ranging constitutional jurisprudence. In the protected area for the right to privacy, it can be distinguished among a hard privacy (or socially recognized privacy) and a weak privacy (privacy subjectively reserved). Both manifestations of the right to privacy are projected on the workplace and they limit the entrepreneurial powers of surveillance and control, the exercise of which it has to fit the principle of proportionality. Although article 18.1 CE does not protect what can be denominated the freedom of the private life, the constitutional jurisprudence has articulated different techniques in order to protect certain manifestations of the free development of the personality of theworkers directly linked to the private life.

‘Cognitive enhancers’: A qualitative exploration of university students’ experiences with prescription medicines for academic purposes

2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032110619
Author(s):  
Fanny Monnet ◽  
Christina Ergler ◽  
Eva Pilot ◽  
Preeti Sushama ◽  
James Green
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Cognitive Enhancement ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cognitive Enhancers ◽  
Qualitative Work ◽  
Prescription Medicines ◽  
Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancement

Qualitative work with students who use prescription medicines for academic purposes is limited. Thus, a more nuanced understanding of tertiary students’ experiences is urgently needed. Our study – which draws on five semi-structured interviews with New Zealand university students, complemented with information from local newspapers, blog entries and discussion forums – reveals students’ motivations and perceived effects, their risk perceptions and provides insights into the circumstances enabling the engagement with prescription medicines for academic purposes. Students were influenced by peers and social norms; and ideas about identity, morality and fairness also played a role for engaging with cognitive enhancers. Students used high levels of stress and workload to justify their use but took individual responsibility for their practices. By taking responsibility in this way, rather than considering it as a product of their environment, they buy into the neoliberal university discourse. Unexpectedly, some participants were already receiving medically justified psychopharmacological treatment but extended and supplemented this with nonmedical use. Others considered their use as being for academic emergencies, and that their low level of use helped manage risks. Overall, students viewed pharmacological cognitive enhancement for improving academic performance as cautious, safe, and morally acceptable. We argue in this paper that a local understanding of students’ motivations, justifications and perceptions of pharmacological cognitive enhancement is required, to tailor policies and support systems better to their needs and behaviours.

The Negative Principle of Just Appropriation

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Attas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
External Objects ◽  
Moral Power ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
And Control ◽  
Privately Owned

Possession and control of an object enhance the freedom of its holder. Property protects this freedom; but it restricts the freedom of ail others. Drawing the boundaries of freedom with respect to external objects is a central and difficult challenge for libertarians. What justifies my ownership of, say, the cup I am drinking from? Several possible answers come to mind: answers based on need, on welfare, on desert or on equality. None of these is endorsed by the libertarian; none of these, arguably, can justify private property in the cup. From a proprietarian point of view the legitimacy of any holding derives from the moral power of its previous owner. An owner has the power of transfer, the power to make another person the owner. What justifies my ownership of the cup is the exercise of the power of the person who gave it to me; his ownership was justified by the exercise of the power of the person who sold it to him; the latter's ownership was justified by the exercise of the power of the person who bequeathed it to him; and so on and so forth. But series of transfers of this kind, long as they may be, must come to an end. There must have been a point where something not privately owned became the private property of an individual or group.Libertarians must assert a principle of just appropriation. Such a principle specifies the ways in which a person can come to own a natural resource which was previously not (privately) owned.

Access to water resources in Belgium: strategies of public and private suppliers

Water Policy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Aubin ◽  
Pierre Cornut ◽  
Frédéric Varone
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Status ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
And Control ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Gain Access

Water suppliers adopt a variety of strategies to gain access to and control of water resources. In contrast to theoretical approaches which assert that the status of ownership determines water supplier strategies, we argue that supplier strategies depend on the activation of property rights and the specific public policies applied to the resource. These two components of the institutional water regime are thus factors that are more important in explaining the suppliers' strategies than the intrinsic characteristics of the water operator. We thus present two case histories of aquifer exploitation for drinking and mineral water production; we compare two companies in Belgium, one publicly and one privately owned. This comparison shows that the operator strategy is identical in both cases, regardless of whether the ownership status of the water supplier was public or private. Both companies attempted to appropriate the resource privately in order to maximize its security over the resource and its supply. In each case, the winning strategy consisted in gradually excluding all direct or indirect users of the resource such as competitors, farmers and residents. The aquifer was then effectively protected in quantity and quality over time; however this state of affairs does not necessarily entail sustainability of the resource in a broader sense, as social and economic aspects were not directly considered.

scholarly journals How Much Does Student Engagement with Videos and Forums in a MOOC Affect Their Achievement?

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cesar Bonafini ◽  
Chungil Chae ◽  
Eunsung Park ◽  
Kathryn Weed Jablokow
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Deep Meaning ◽  
Visual Materials ◽  
And Control

Engagement in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is based on students who self-organize their participation according to their own goals and interests. Visual materials such as videos and discussion forums are basic ways of engaging students in MOOCs. Student achievement in MOOCs is typically measured using assessments distributed throughout the course. Although there is research on the basic forms of student’s engagement and assessment in MOOCs, little is known about their effect on students’ achievement in the form of students completing a MOOC. Using binomial logistic regression models, this paper addresses this gap in the literature by presenting the degree to which student engagement with videos and forum posts can predict students’ probability of achievement in a MOOC. It also explores the extent to which participation behaviors and their intention to receive the course certification can be used to predict achievement in MOOCs. Using qualitative content analysis, this paper discusses the quality of the forum posts exchanged by participants in this MOOC. The findings from quantitative analysis support MOOC’s pedagogical assumptions, showing that students’ engagement in forums and with videos increases the probability of course achievement. It also shows that intention to certify plays a moderator effect on the number of videos watched, enhancing achievement in MOOCs. The findings from qualitative analysis reveal that most students’ posts in forums display more information acquisition than critical thinking. Implications for practice suggest MOOC designers and MOOC instructors foster engagement in forums by implementing discussion prompts that foster interactions about deep meaning of concepts or application of concepts covered in the MOOC. In regard to videos, implications for practice suggest the creation of interactive videos that promote students’ engagement and control such as inserting guiding questions and segmenting the video content. Future research comprising multiple MOOC cohorts is suggested to validate the empirical model presented in this study.

scholarly journals Enacting care amid power relations: The role of ‘veiled care’ in organisational life

Organization ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 135050842095632
Author(s):  
Clare Mumford ◽  
David Holman ◽  
Leo McCann ◽  
Maurice Nagington ◽  
Laurie Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Organisational Research ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
And Control

Traditional understandings of care-giving assume care practices are clear to others and unambiguously altruistic, reflective of the selfless and humane bearing of care professionals. However, a range of organisational research has noted the complex and often contradictory ways in which enactments of care are interwoven into organisational relations of power and control. Through a narrative analysis of interview data, our paper focuses upon practices of inaction and concealment as ‘veiled’ care set within the power-laden complexities and contested meaning-making of organisational life. Our notion of veiled care extends debates about care as a social practice in everyday work relations in two ways. Firstly, it provides a greater focus on the less discernible aspects of care-giving which are significant but possibly overlooked in shaping subjectivities and meanings of care in work relations. Secondly, it develops the discussion of the situated ambiguities and tensions in enacting care that involves overcoming care-recipient resistance and an arguably less heroic but nonetheless important objective of non-maleficence, to avoid, minimise or repair damage.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of a Permethrin-Fipronil Spot-On Solution (Effitix®) in Dogs Naturally Infested by Ticks in Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Navarro ◽  
Nadège Reymond ◽  
Nolwenn Crastes ◽  
Stéphane Bonneau
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Tick Counts ◽  
And Control ◽  
Privately Owned

Effitix is a new broad spectrum product based on the combination of fipronil 6.1% and permethrin 54.5% in a solution for spot-on application. It has been shown to be safe and efficacious in dogs in controlling tick, flea, sandfly, and mosquito infestations in laboratory conditions. The aim of this controlled, randomised study was to assess its safety and efficacy against natural tick infestations in field conditions. One hundred eighty-two privately owned dogs were included in France and Germany: 123 dogs were treated on day 0 with the permethrin-fipronil combination (Effitix) and 59 with a permethrin-imidacloprid combination (Advantix®). Tick counts were conducted on days 0 (before treatment), 7, 14, 21, and 28. The percentages of efficacy on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 were, respectively, 91.2%, 97%, 98.3%, and 96.7% with Effitix and were 94.8%, 96.9%, 95.7%, and 94.6% with Advantix. Very few adverse events were reported. Most were not serious and/or not related to the treatment with pruritus being the most common. One administration of Effitix was highly effective and safe to treat and control tick infestations for four weeks in field conditions and had a similar efficacy as the permethrin-imidacloprid combination for all visits.

scholarly journals Designing an Online Course to Teach Anaphora in Foreign Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amanda Maraschin Bruscato ◽  
Jorge Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
Educational Videos ◽  
Pronominal System ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control

This paper presents the designing of an online course to teach anaphora in English and Spanish as foreign languages. Anaphora is a discursive mechanism that contributes to textual cohesion. Instead of repeating the same nouns in their texts, speakers can use different pronouns or even ellipsis to improve communication. Each language has its own anaphoric system, which can be very distinct from null-subject languages, such as Spanish, to non-null-subject languages, such as English. Focusing on this topic, a two-week course was designed and taught in 2020 at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and at the University of Algarve (Portugal) to language undergraduate students. The first lesson was an introduction to the concepts of cohesion, anaphora, and the pronominal system in the target language. These topics were further explained in the second lesson, which was also about ambiguity. The activities included: educational videos; tools for corpus analysis and coreference resolution; discussion forums; short answer, matching, and multiple-choice exercises; hyperlinks to more videos, texts, and exercises. Students’ knowledge of anaphora was assessed in a pre-test and in three post-tests (discussed in another article), and the results were compared between experimental and control groups. The teaching module improved learners’ comprehension of written texts and could be adapted to teach anaphora in other languages.

Alternative Approaches in the Study of Complex Situations

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fundamental Matter ◽  
Qualitative Work ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

There seems to be a continuing debate concerning two alternative approaches to the study of complex situations. The debate occurs explicitly or implicitly in discussions of the proper way to study any number of problems; e.g., the proper way to examine the nature of higher educationo,1 ommunity action programs,2 the phenomena of poverty. Sometimes the issue is phrased in terms of the relative merits of quantitative as opposed to qualitative work, sometimes in terms of the relative advisability of developing preliminary hypotheses a; opposed to assuming a more exploratory stance. Certain merits are claimed for each approach: reliability, precision, the possibility of prediction and control, for the one; and validity, evocativeness, the possibility of sympathetic understanding, for the other. Underlying the debates on appropriate research strategy there is often disagreement on a more fundamental matter, the conceptual framework for understanding complex situations.

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