Dose-dependency and Time-course of Electrophysiologic Short-term Effects of VIAGRA®: A Case Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 110 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Jägle ◽  
Christine Jägle ◽  
Ludwig Sèrey ◽  
Lindsay T. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Dose Dependency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effects

Underlying Determinants of Housing Location: a Case Study from Swaziland

1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Lea
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Industrial Location ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Short Term Effects

It is a comparatively recent development that places housing not only as one of the main targets in the national plan, but also as a vital means of achieving other social and economic objectives.1 Admirable though this may be, a number of difficulties can arise in practice, particularly with regard to the question of new housing where many dwellings may be on unsuitable sites and require relocation or extensive redevelopment. The point is that remedial measures are likely to have only short-term effects, unless several underlying – and often conflicting – variables are taken into account. Four such variables have assumed importance in the planning for future housing needs in the Greater Manzini Area of Swaziland, and it is the purpose of this article to illustrate how policies relating to industrial location, urban growth, and housing, interact with the tenurial system in force.

scholarly journals The short-term effects of COVID-19 outbreak on dietary diversity and food security status of Iranian households (A case study in Tehran province)

2021 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 124537
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Pakravan-Charvadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Mohammadi-Nasrabadi ◽  
Saeed Gholamrezai ◽  
Hassan Vatanparast ◽  
Cornelia Flora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Tehran Province ◽  
Short Term Effects

Short-term effects of dopamine on photoreceptors, luminosity- and chromaticity-horizontal cells in the turtle retina

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Ammermüller ◽  
Reto Weiler ◽  
Ido Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effects

AbstractThe effects of dopamine on luminosity-type horizontal cells have been documented in different vertebrate retinas, both in vivo and in vitro. Some of these effects may reflect direct action of dopamine onto these cells, but indirect effects mediated by presynaptic neurons cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, direct effects of dopamine on horizontal cells may affect other, postsynaptic neurons in the outer plexiform layer. To test these possibilities, we studied the effects of dopamine on photoreceptors and all types of horizontal cells in the turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans) retina. Receptive-field properties, responsiveness to light, and time course of light responses were monitored with intracellular recordings. Dopamine at a concentration of 40 μM exerted effects with two different time courses. “Short-term” effects were fully developed after 3 min of dopamine application and reversed within 30 min of washout of the drug. “Long-term” effects were fully developed after about 7–10 min and could not be washed out during the course of our experiments. Only the “short-term” effects were studied in detail in this paper. These were expressed in a reduction of the receptive-field size of all types of horizontal cells studied; L1 and L2 luminosity types as well as Red/Green and Yellow/Blue chromaticity types. The L1 horizontal cells did not exhibit signs of reduced responsiveness to light under dopamine, while in the L2 cells and the two types of chromaticity cells responsiveness decreased. None of the rods, long-wavelength-sensitive, or medium-wavelength-sensitive cones exhibited any apparent reduction in their receptive-field sizes or responsiveness to light. The present results suggest that the “short-term” effects of dopamine are not mediated by photoreceptors and are probably due to direct action of dopamine on horizontal cells.

scholarly journals The Short-Term Effects of European Integration on Mortality Convergence: A Case Study of European Union’s 2004 Enlargement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rok Hrzic ◽  
Tobias Vogt ◽  
Helmut Brand ◽  
Fanny Janssen
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Member States ◽  
Sigma Convergence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Short Term Effects

AbstractAlthough European integration can be expected to result in mortality convergence (reduced mortality differences), a life expectancy divide persists in the European Union (EU) between the old Member States (OMS) in the west and the new Member States (NMS) in the east. Studies investigating the impact of European integration on mortality convergence are rare and did not consider regional differences. We examine the short-term effects of the 2004 enlargement on mortality convergence at the supranational, national, and subnational levels. Using sex-specific life expectancies for 23 Member States (1990–2017) and the NUTS 2 regions in Czechia, Hungary, and Poland for 1992–2016, we examined the trend in sigma and beta mortality convergence measures at the country and regional levels using joinpoint regression. We found no compelling evidence that EU accession influenced the process of mortality convergence between OMS and NMS, or within the three NMS, over the short term. While there was overall beta and sigma convergence at the national level during 1990–2017, no regional convergence showed, and the trends in convergence did not significantly change at the time of EU accession or soon after (2004–2007). The accession in 2004 did not visibly impact the overall process of mortality convergence over the short term, likely because of the greater influence of country and region-specific policies and characteristics. The interaction of Member State and regional contexts with the mechanisms of European integration requires further study. Future enlargement procedures should emphasise tailored support to ensure more equitable gains from European integration.

Cell-mediated Immune Responses Associated with Short Term Alcohol Intake: Time Course and Dose Dependency

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Dehne ◽  
Charles L. Mendenhall ◽  
Gary A. Roselle ◽  
Charles J. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Dose Dependency ◽  
Short Term

Short-term volume and turgor regulation in yeast

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Schaber ◽  
Edda Klipp
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Intracellular Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hydrodynamic Property ◽  
Turgor Regulation ◽  
Thermodynamic Framework

Volume is a highly regulated property of cells, because it critically affects intracellular concentration. In the present chapter, we focus on the short-term volume regulation in yeast as a consequence of a shift in extracellular osmotic conditions. We review a basic thermodynamic framework to model volume and solute flows. In addition, we try to select a model for turgor, which is an important hydrodynamic property, especially in walled cells. Finally, we demonstrate the validity of the presented approach by fitting the dynamic model to a time course of volume change upon osmotic shock in yeast.

Morphological Changes in the Brain of Acutely Ill and Weight-Recovered Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Seitz ◽  
Katharina Bühren ◽  
Georg G. von Polier ◽  
Nicole Heussen ◽  
Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Qualitative Review ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
The Brain

Objective: Acute anorexia nervosa (AN) leads to reduced gray (GM) and white matter (WM) volume in the brain, which however improves again upon restoration of weight. Yet little is known about the extent and clinical correlates of these brain changes, nor do we know much about the time-course and completeness of their recovery. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis and a qualitative review of all magnetic resonance imaging studies involving volume analyses of the brain in both acute and recovered AN. Results: We identified structural neuroimaging studies with a total of 214 acute AN patients and 177 weight-recovered AN patients. In acute AN, GM was reduced by 5.6% and WM by 3.8% compared to healthy controls (HC). Short-term weight recovery 2–5 months after admission resulted in restitution of about half of the GM aberrations and almost full WM recovery. After 2–8 years of remission GM and WM were nearly normalized, and differences to HC (GM: –1.0%, WM: –0.7%) were no longer significant, although small residual changes could not be ruled out. In the qualitative review some studies found GM volume loss to be associated with cognitive deficits and clinical prognosis. Conclusions: GM and WM were strongly reduced in acute AN. The completeness of brain volume rehabilitation remained equivocal.

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