scholarly journals Is a Preference for Realism Really Naive After All? A Cognitive Model of Learning with Realistic Visualizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Skulmowski ◽  
Steve Nebel ◽  
Martin Remmele ◽  
Günter Daniel Rey
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Perceptual Load ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Learner Characteristics ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Realistic Visualization ◽  
Cognitive Model Of Learning

Abstract The use of realistic visualizations has gained considerable interest due to the proliferation of virtual reality equipment. This review is concerned with the theoretical basis, technical implementation, cognitive effects, and educational implications of using realistic visualizations. Realism can be useful for learners, but in several studies, more abstract illustrations have resulted in higher performance. Furthermore, a preference for realistic visualization has been declared as being based on misconceptions regarding the cognitive system. However, we argue that this perspective is unable to fully explain the conflicting results found in the literature. To fill this theoretical gap, we devised a model to describe and compare the various levels of realism found in visualizations. We define realism as a combination of three dimensions: geometry, shading, and rendering. By varying these dimensions, it is possible to create a variety of realistic graphics. Thus, when comparing different visualizations, the realism of each of these three dimensions needs to be considered individually. Based on this technical definition, we introduce a cognitive model of learning with realistic visualizations that includes three different stages: perception, schema construction, and testing. At these three stages, variables such as the perceptual load generated by the visualization, learner characteristics influencing how well details are processed, and test types that demand concrete or flexible representations can affect whether realism fosters or hinders learning. Using the cognitive model presented in this paper, more accurate predictions and recommendations concerning the use of realism can be formulated.

Reframing Information System Design as Learning Across Communities of Practice

2009 ◽  
pp. 2052-2070
Author(s):  
Kevin Gallagher ◽  
Robert M. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Information System Design ◽  
Requirements Definition ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Definition Phase

This article frames the requirements definition phase of systems design as a problem of knowledge transfer and learning between two communities of practice: IS designers and system users. The theoretical basis for the proposed approach is Wenger’s (1998) framework for social learning, which involves three dimensions: alignment, imagination, and engagement. The article treats the requirements definition task in systems design as a set of activities involving mutual learning and knowledge transfer between two communities of practice (CoP) along these three dimensions. In taking this approach, the article maps the results of past research on the systems design process onto this CoP framework and illustrates that the proposed framework encompasses the same activities used by traditional methods of requirements definition. However, this approach focuses attention on the learning that must take place between the two CoPs and thereby helps resolve some of the inherent shortcomings of prior efforts and approaches. The framework provides both a more encompassing conceptual lens for research on improving the requirements definition task and practical guidance for managers who are charged with a systems design project.

scholarly journals Wave Velocity and Power Spectral Density of Hole-Containing Specimens with Different Moisture Content under Uniaxial Compression

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-jun Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Shu-gang Li ◽  
Jia-lei Liu ◽  
Hong-yu Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spectral Density ◽  
Power Spectral Density ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Ultrasonic Test ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Drainage Borehole

The gas drainage borehole is a typical hole-containing structure, and its failure is similar to the hole-containing specimen. To study the characteristics of wave velocity and power spectral density of the hole-containing specimens with different moisture content, an ultrasonic test of the hole-containing specimens during destruction was carried out. A waveform with different moisture contents was recorded by the RSM-SY7 system. The wave velocity and power spectral density was calculated to analyze its relationship with moisture content and degree of damage. The results show that the wave velocity of the hole-containing specimens gradually decreases during the destruction. There were 3 stages of attenuation of wave velocity during the destruction, which were stable, slightly reduced, and rapidly decreasing stages. Changes in moisture content would cause changes of duration of the three stages. The power spectral density gradually decreases during the destruction. The moisture content affected the attenuation mode of the power spectral density and the amount of attenuation. In the detecting of the gas borehole, the wave velocity and the power spectral density can be used to locate the damage area. This research provides a theoretical basis for detection engineering.

scholarly journals The Heritage Structure of Sanskrit Compound in Old Javanese Language: A Contrastive Linguistics Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Ratna Erawati ◽  
I Made Wijana
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Agglutinative Languages

Sanskrit and Old Javanese language are not cognate language. In a language comparative study, the language that has no geneologis relationship could be analyzed contrastively. In typological morphological, Sanskrit is classified into flective language, while the Old Javanese language is classified agglutinative languages. The aim of this writing is to describe and explain the grammatical process of Sanskrit compound word that orbed into Old Javanese. The data tabulation belonging to the compound words were analyzed explanative descriptively according to the nature of the data and the methods and techniques that relevant to the object of study. The methods and techniques used were framed into three stages, namely the data providing, data analysis, and presenting analysis. The theoretical basis of language comparison is similarity or semblance of form and meaning. Based on the analysis, the compound word in Old Javanese language largely derived from the Sanskrit in free base form or derivation form. The forms are borrowed intact and some are accompanied by grammatical processes in the Old Javanese. The similarity and resemblance of these forms are inherited as a loan. The Old Javanese compounding process has the structure: Sanskrit + Sanskrit, Sanskrit + Old Javanese, Old Javanese + Sanskrit. Grammatical processes that occurred are affixation appropriate rules of Old Javanese.

Empirical Research on the Non-Linear Inherent Relationship between China’s Social Security Expenditure and Private Consumption

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Zhao ◽  
Jia Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Private Consumption ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Nonlinear Relationship ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear

For the existing lack of empirical research of relationship between social security expenditure and private consumption, this paper verified the existence of nonlinear relationship between both in China from 1952 to 2009 by applying nonlinear STR model. The conclusions demonstrate that between both is obviously negative relationship, although it is similar to most of the existing conclusions, but different in manifestation, i.e. the negative relationship presents remarkable stage characteristics and is frequently converted between linear and nonlinear. This negative relationship can be specifically divided into three stages: 1. negative nonlinear relationship from the year 1958 to 1963; 2. insignificant relationship from the year 1964 to 1978; 3. the reconverted negative nonlinear relationship from the year 1979 to 2009.The maximum elasticity of social security expenditure in the second and third order lags on consumption level amount to -0.0898 and -0.1024 respectively, and the crowding out effect is higher. These conclusions provide a realistic theoretical basis for China to develop and implement policies of social security expenditure.

scholarly journals News Agenda Guided by Algorithms: Content and Format in Estadão Infográficos

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-575
Author(s):  
Daniela Borges De Oliveira ◽  
Belarmino Cesar Guimarães da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Image Synthesis ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The Public ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Optical Unconscious ◽  
Investigation Process

This paper looks at how Estadão Infográficos use algorithms to examine news scripts and format content; its purpose being to use visuality both in the investigation process and for how the news is presented. We intend to demonstrate how web journalism appropriates the digital tools for innovation and differentiation. Thusly, the methodological procedure was conducted in three stages: interviewing the team members responsible for the menu, selecting those reports that use artificial intelligence techniques, and lastly, conducting a qualitative analysis upon specific concepts to explain cognitive effects that its news narratives create, which are: data visualization, image-synthesis and optical unconscious. Our investigation concluded that the use of algorithms to produce visualizations provides different perspectives of news scripts and builds communication with the public on the internet, despite the fact that this newspaper (O Estado de S. Paulo) does not make much use of this resource.O artigo observa como o Estadão Infográficos emprega algoritmo para prospecção de pautas e formatação do conteúdo, com o propósito do uso da visualidade tanto no processo de investigação quanto na apresentação das notícias. O objetivo é demonstrar como o webjornalismo está se apropriando das ferramentas do ambiente digital para inovação e diferenciação. Assim, o percurso metodológico consiste em três etapas: entrevista a componentes da equipe responsável pelo menu, seleção de reportagens da seção que utilizam técnicas de inteligência artificial e, por fim, análise qualitativa de investigação de conceitos que explicam os efeitos cognitivos provocados pela técnica nas narrativas jornalísticas, sendo: visualização de dados, imagem-síntese e inconsciente ótico. A investigação conclui que o uso de algoritmo na produção de visualizações permite percepção de novas pautas e potencializa a comunicação com o público na internet, mesmo que tal recurso ainda seja pouco explorado pelo jornal O Estado de S. Paulo.El artículo observa cómo Estadão Infográficos emplea algoritmo para prospectar pautas y formatear contenido, con propósito de usar visualidad en el proceso de investigación y en la presentación de noticias. El objetivo es demostrar cómo el periodismo web se apropia de las herramientas del entorno digital para innovación y diferenciación. Así, la trayectoria metodológica consta de tres etapas: entrevista con miembros del equipo responsable del menú, selección de informes de la sección que utilizan técnicas de inteligencia artificial y, finalmente, análisis cualitativo de la investigación de conceptos que explican efectos cognitivos provocados por la técnica en las narrativas de periodismo, siendo: visualización de datos, síntesis de imagen e inconsciente óptico. La investigación concluye que el uso del algoritmo em la producción de visualizaciones permite percepción de nuevas pautas y mejora la comunicación con el público en internet, aunque este recurso todavía es poco explorado por O Estado de S. Paulo.

A new approach to the degree of greyness

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Mierzwiak ◽  
Marcin Nowak ◽  
Naiming Xie
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grey Systems Theory ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Sets Theory ◽  
Modelling Methods ◽  
Space Concept

PurposeThe degree of greyness may be regarded as a measure of cognitive uncertainty. Therefore, it is a part of the epistemological core of the grey systems theory. The theoretical importance of the degree of greyness concept is also due to its application in a range of uncertainty modelling methods: predictive, relational and decision-making methods. Greyness, being a result of cognitive uncertainty, was recently subjected to axiomatization in the form of grey space with the use of the classical sets theory. The purpose of this article is to develop a new approach to the degree of greyness, being consistent with the grey space concept.Design/methodology/approachIn order to realise the article’s goals, the research is divided into three stages described in particular sections. The first section of the article presents a theoretical framework of the degree of greyness and the grey space. The second part includes the assumptions of the new degree of greyness concept, along with the mathematical models for the first, the second and the third degree of greyness. The third section contains numerical examples for each degree of greyness.FindingsAs a result of the research, a concept of a degree of greyness was created and it was linked with a concept of grey space. This new approach to the issue of the degree of greyness has allowed the analysing of this category in three dimensions dependent on an accepted reference base. As a result, a concept of concrete and abstractive grey numbers was introduced and relationships between these categories of numbers and the degree of greyness were determined.Originality/valueThe proposed approach to the issue of the degree of greyness is a theoretical unification of the previous considerations in this area. The proposed three dimensions of greyness degree will be derived from the grey space, so they will also be a function of quantity. Thus, the degree of greyness was linked with a classical set theory. An original input in this article is also a differentiation of concrete and abstractive grey numbers, which give a basis for deliberations connected with interpretation of grey numbers in the context of real applications.

TEACHING OF «RUSSIAN STUDIES» BASED ON FLIPPED CLASSROOM MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF ORGANIZING THE LESSON OF «RUSSIAN TRADITIONAL FESTIVALS»

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Д. Юй
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Autonomous Learning ◽  
More Care ◽  
Three Stages

В статье представлен опыт организации занятия «Традиционные русские праздники» по модели «перевернутого класса» в рамках курса «Страноведение России» на примере китайских студентов неязыковых специальностей Сямэньского университета. Анализируется происхождение модели «перевернутого класса», теоретическая основа, положение исследований в России и Китае, актуальность внедрения в процесс обучения. Описывается проектирование курса «Страноведение России», его цель и задачи, важность в контексте отношений между Россией и Китаем. Подробно рассматриваются три этапа организации занятий «Традиционные русские праздники». Учебная практика демонстрирует следующее: во-первых, эта модель более подходит активным студентам. Во-вторых, преподаватель должен уделять больше внимания отстающим студентам. В-третьих, эта модель действительно дает студентам больше мотивации, повышает их аналитическую и межкультурную компетенцию, способствует самостоятельному и глубокому обучению; нам стоит продолжить использовать эту модель. The paper introduces the experience of organizing the lesson of «Russian traditional festivals» by applying the model of «flipped classroom». The lesson is conducted within the framework of the course «Russian studies», which is offered for Chinese students of nonlinguistic majors at Xiamen University. We analyze the origin, theoretical basis and research status of «flipped classroom» model, as well as the feasibility of implementing the «flipped classroom» model. The author describes the design, objectives and tasks and the importance of the course «Russian studies» under the background of good Sino-Russian relations. Basically our lesson includes three stages. At the end of the semester, we talked respectively with students to find out their impressions. We note that students, who are self-disciplined and self-motivated in learning, prefer this model. From the teaching practice, we draw the following conclusions as follows. First, the «flipped classroom» model is more suitable for self-disciplined and self-motivated students. Second, when implementing this model, teachers should take more care of backward students. Third, this model does give students more motivation, enhance their analytical ability and cross-cultural ability, and promote autonomous learning and deep learning. At last, we should continue to use this model in teaching «Russian studies» and similar courses in universities.

scholarly journals Redefining Engineering Education in Africa through Delivering Total Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Educational Perspective ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Education In Africa

Engineering education in sub-Saharan Africa has the potential to contribute to economic and social development of any country. But it has not been leveraged on appropriately to culminate in economic and social development in the countries in Africa. This implies that for Africa as a region to leverage fully on the potentials of engineering education to ensure economic and social development, it must be redefined through delivering total engineering. This study was a theoretical discourse on redefining engineering education in Africa through delivering total engineering and evidences from established literature were used in giving more credence to the work. Delivering Total engineering is a composite of three words which are delivering, total and engineering. This study conceptualized what delivering total engineering and it was defined as an educational perspective which showcases the relationship between learning and teaching which is crucial to innovation in the delivery of capable, competent and confident graduate which are the outcomes. Findings revealed that the three dimensions (delivering, total, engineering) are crucial in redefining engineering education in Africa and they were analyzed in support of this study. The study therefore recommends intensification of effort on research on delivering total engineering as it has no theoretical basis. Pragmatism is also important to verify the veracity of the concept.

Reframing Information System Design as Learning Across Communities of Practice

2011 ◽  
pp. 319-337
Author(s):  
Kevin Gallagher ◽  
Robert M. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Information System Design ◽  
Requirements Definition ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Definition Phase

This chapter frames the requirements definition phase of systems design as a problem of knowledge transfer and learning between two communities of practice: IS designers and system users. The theoretical basis for the proposed approach is Wenger’s (1998) framework for social learning, which involves three dimensions: alignment, imagination, and engagement. The chapter treats the requirements defi- nition task in systems design as a set of activities involving mutual learning and knowledge transfer between two communities of practice (CoP) along these three dimensions. In taking this approach, the chapter maps the results of past research on the systems design process onto this CoP framework and illustrates that the proposed framework encompasses the same activities used by traditional methods of requirements definition. However, this approach focuses attention on the learning that must take place between the two CoPs and thereby helps resolve some of the inherent shortcomings of prior efforts and approaches. The framework provides both a more encompassing conceptual lens for research on improving the requirements definition task and practical guidance for managers who are charged with a systems design project.

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