Wet weather impact on trihalomethane formation potential in tributaries to drinking water reservoirs

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Alkhatib ◽  
R. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Weather Impact ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Wet Weather

Effect of ozone on disinfection by-product formation of algae

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine D. Plummer ◽  
James K. Edzwald
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Extracellular Organic Matter ◽  
Algal Suspension

The presence of algae in a drinking water source can have a significant impact on the treatment of that water. Algae and their extracellular organic matter can be precursors for disinfection by-product (DBP) formation which is of concern for treatment plants that employ pre-chlorination. This research examined the DBP formation of suspensions of Scenedesmus quadricauda, a green alga, and the effect of ozonation on that formation. Trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was found to increase by 10% to 30% when preozonation was applied versus non-ozonated samples. A slight increase in haloacetic acid (HAA) formation was also observed in the ozonated samples. Ozonation caused an increase in the dissolved organic carbon content of the algal suspension, thereby increasing the concentration of precursors. The alkalinity of the water did not significantly affect the formation potential of either THMs or HAAs.

Algal production and trihalomethane formation potential: an experimental assessment and inter-river comparison

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1482-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Jack ◽  
Tim Sellers ◽  
Paul A Bukaveckas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Algal Production ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Algal Abundance ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Outdoor Mesocosms

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are byproducts produced during the disinfection of drinking water. We combined survey and experimental approaches to identify factors that influence THM formation potential (THMFP) in the Ohio River drainage basin. Two surveys of the Ohio River and its five principal tributaries were conducted to characterize spatial variation in THMFP in relation to algal abundance and suspended organic matter. We performed three experiments by placing Ohio River water in 2000-L outdoor mesocosms and manipulating algal senescence and bloom development by shading. Increases in THMFP among high- and low-light and dark tanks suggest that algal production, algal senescence, and possibly photolysis increased THMFP by as much as 50% over 3–6 days. Comparable yields of THMs (per unit of chlorophyll) were observed in both survey and experimental settings. Comparison of input waters with outputs indicates that the Ohio River at times acts to attenuate downstream transport of THM precursors. Our findings suggest that both watershed-scale and internal processes regulating THMFP should be considered as utilities develop strategies to meet new drinking water guidelines.

Trihalomethane formation potential of drinking water sources in a rural location

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rajamohan ◽  
Vinitha Ebenezer ◽  
Puspalata Rajesh ◽  
V.P. Venugopalan ◽  
Usha Natesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Rural Location ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential

Trihalomethane Formation Potential and Disinfection

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-202
Author(s):  
C.R. Erland Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Operational Data ◽  
Surface Water Supply

Abstract The UVOX process was developed to reduce the high concentrations of trihalomethanes, a potentially hazardous disinfection by-product found in a surface water supply for a community in northeastern Saskatchewan. Pilot plant tests were conducted at a throughput of 1.25 l/s utilizing UV to produce hydroxyl radicals from photolysis of H2O2 with air cooled UV units. These tests continued through 1985 andl986 to provide operational data for all seasons of the year. Test results indicated that the UVOX process was effective in reducing trihalomethane formation potential to very low levels. Recent concerns have also centred on the biocidal effectivenesss of disinfectants, particularly when applied to inactivation of resistant species of microogranisms, such as the cysts of Giardia lamblia. The UVOX process in a single pass configuration slightly enhanced the ability of UV to inactivate Giardia cysts.

Using HPSEC to identify NOM fraction removal and the correlation with disinfection by-product precursors

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euis Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Yung-Chen Chou ◽  
Hsuan-Hsien Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Alum Coagulation ◽  
Aliphatic Biopolymer

In this study high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used to compare an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and alum coagulation for their capacity to remove different fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) from water. At the same time, the removal of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors, as measured by trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP), was also detected. The results show that the UF membrane mainly removed the aliphatic biopolymer fraction, while alum coagulation mainly removed the humic substances fraction. The results of DBP precursor analysis show that more THMFP was removed by the UF membrane than HAAFP, while the reverse was true for alum coagulation. It is conjectured that the aliphatic biopolymer fraction is the major precursor for trihalomethanes (THMs), while the humic substances fraction is the major precursor for haloacetic acids (HAAs).

Development of predictive models for geosmin-related taste and odor in Kansas, USA, drinking water reservoirs

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2829-2840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Dzialowski ◽  
Val H. Smith ◽  
Donald G. Huggins ◽  
Frank deNoyelles ◽  
Niang-Choo Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Taste And Odor
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