scholarly journals Livelihood vulnerability and climate change: a comparative analysis of smallholders in the Indo-Gangetic plains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terese E. Venus ◽  
Stephanie Bilgram ◽  
Johannes Sauer ◽  
Arun Khatri-Chettri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Exposure

AbstractIn the Indo-Gangetic Plains, one of India’s most productive agricultural regions, smallholder livelihood vulnerability can inhibit sustainable development. As there are significant differences in economic development, natural resources and agricultural productivity within the region, we estimate the Livelihood Vulnerability Index in two districts (Vaishali, Bihar and Karnal, Haryana) to determine suitable adaptation strategies under diverse conditions. To reflect different aspects of climate exposure, we include both self-reported climate shocks and spatially interpolated weather data. The assessment of 1127 households shows that while both districts have similar exposure and adaptive capacity levels, the sensitivity dimension makes Vaishali more vulnerable to climate change. To reduce sensitivity, decision-makers should focus on improving infrastructure (e.g., permanent housing, latrines, health centers, alternative energy sources). To improve adaptive capacity and reduce climate risk in both regions, policymakers should promote the expansion of extension training for livelihood diversification, information and communication technologies as well as conservation agriculture.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Vulnerability of Fishers’ Livelihood to Climate Change in Coastal Odisha

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sambit Priyadarshi ◽  
S. N. Ojha ◽  
Arpita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
The State ◽  
Context Specificity ◽  
East Coast Of India ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
Vulnerability Score

A study was conducted in Odisha, a state on the east coast of India, with the objective of assessing the vulnerability of fishers’ livelihood to climate change. The state was chosen for study since it is considered as one of the most vulnerable states due to climate change. A total of 120 fishers were interviewed from two districts, Balasore and Ganjam, to assess their livelihood vulnerability by considering their exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity to climate change. A composite livelihood vulnerability index by suggesting that fishers are vulnerable to climate change. For fishers of + 0.03 and for Ganjam it was 0.5 minima 0, and maxima 1 was used for the purpose. Baleswar the score was 0.56 0.04, s. The aggregated vulnerability score was found to be 0.54+The composite livelihood vulnerability index approach calculates vulnerability by aggregating data for a set of indicators for the components of vulnerability which include exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity + 0.04. Vulnerability score was relatively higher in Baleswar due to higher scores on the exposure and sensitivity parameters overshadowing the higher adaptive capacity. The study shows evidence that marine fishers of Odisha are vulnerable to climate change. Also, it throws light on the location and context specificity of livelihood vulnerability.

scholarly journals Circular Statistics Applied to the Study of the Solar Radiation Potential of Rooftops in a Medium-Sized City

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2813 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Eugenia Polo ◽  
Mar Pozo ◽  
Elia Quirós
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Circular Data ◽  
Circular Statistics ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
City Center ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The City

Solar energy constitutes one of the most effective alternative energy sources for combating climate change. However, the solar potential in a city can vary depending on the urban morphology. The purpose of this paper is to perform a directional statistical analysis of the distribution of the monthly solar potential of rooftops in the city of Cáceres, Spain, in relation to the orientations and slopes of the rooftops. Two residential areas, one in the city center and one on the outskirts of the city, and an industrial zone, all of which exhibit different urban morphologies, have been evaluated. Statistics have been assessed in consideration of the orientation and slope values of the rooftops as circular data, and the radiation values as linear data. The three dissimilar urban morphologies result in different solar potential values, and the monthly disaggregation of the data enables the ability to detect the differences existing in the solar potential between each zone, during each month. The proposed analysis could also be extrapolated to urban planning for the design of more sustainable cities to face the challenges associated with climate change.

Vulnerability Assessment of Farmer’s Livelihood to Flood in An Giang Province

2019 ◽  
pp. 251660261986062
Author(s):  
P. X. Phu ◽  
N. N. De
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Middle Zone ◽  
Lower Zone ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Local Farmers

This study, conducted in An Giang Province of Vietnam, assesses the vulnerability and adaptability of local farmers to the flood in different conditions. Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) proposed by Hahn, Riederer, and Foster (2009, Global Environmental Change, 19(1), 74–88) was applied for livelihood vulnerability analysis of different flooding zones (upper, middle and lower zones) in low flooding condition. Research results showed that LVI of different flooding zones are decreasingly dependent on major components of social networks, knowledge and skills, natural resources, finance and incomes, livelihood strategies, and natural disaster and climate variability. In which, LVI of Phu Huu commune in An Phu district which locates in the upper zone is 0.397 higher than LVI of two communes located in the lower parts of the river: Vinh An commune, Chau Thanh district (middle zone; LVI: 0.299) and Vinh Phuoc commune, Tri Ton district (lower zone; LVI: 0.357). Adaptive capacity of Phu Huu commune (0.415) is also higher than Vinh An (0.304) and Vinh Phuoc (0.355) communes. It reflects the direct correlation between LVI and adaptive capacity. The research recommends some solutions to reduce the vulnerability on livelihoods due to floods in the context of climate change.

scholarly journals Communities’ Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Variability in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misganaw Teshager Abeje ◽  
Atsushi Tsunekawa ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
Zerihun Nigussie ◽  
Enyew Adgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood

Ethiopia has experienced more than 10 major drought episodes since the 1970s. Evidence has shown that climate change exacerbates the situation and presents a daunting challenge to predominantly rain-fed agricultural livelihoods. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent and sources of smallholder famers’ livelihood vulnerability to climate change/variability in the Upper Blue Nile basin. We conducted a household survey (n = 391) across three distinct agroecological communities and a formative composite index of livelihood vulnerability (LVI) was constructed. The Mann–Kendall test and the standard precipitation index (SPI) were employed to analyze trends of rainfall, temperature, and drought prevalence for the period from 1982 to 2016. The communities across watersheds showed a relative difference in the overall livelihood vulnerability index. Aba Gerima (midland) was found to be more vulnerable, with a score of 0.37, while Guder (highland) had a relatively lower LVI with a 0.34 index score. Given similar exposure to climate variability and drought episodes, communities’ livelihood vulnerability was mainly attributed to their low adaptive capacity and higher sensitivity indicators. Adaptive capacity was largely constrained by a lack of participation in community-based organizations and a lack of income diversification. This study will have practical implications for policy development in heterogeneous agroecological regions for sustainable livelihood development and climate change adaptation programs.

scholarly journals Perspectives on Energy Insecurity and Its Impacts on Urban Livelihoods: Adaptation and Resilience of Women in the Informal Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Memory Reid ◽  
Mulala Danny Simatele
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Urban Livelihoods

Variability in temperature and precipitation due to climate change is predicted to significantly impact on Southern African countries' resources. These variations have the potential to affect the energy sector due to a heavy reliance on hydropower for electricity in the region. Energy insecurity is largely felt in cities as they are large consumers of the resource. This negatively impacts on urban livelihoods reliant on electricity like those in the informal sector. A survey of electricity dependent home-based informal businesses operated by women was conducted, to generate information on the vulnerability of urban livelihoods to energy insecurity in Harare, Zimbabwe. Households across all socio-economic backgrounds performed informal businesses to supplement household income and were heavily depended on the irregular electricity supply. Women from poor households managing informal businesses were disproportionately affected by the unstable electricity supply, as they could not afford alternative energy sources to continue business operations during power cuts. This accentuated their low adaptive capacity and vulnerability to climate change induced stresses. This paper brings to light the importance of improving the resilience and adaptive capacity of urban livelihoods to climate change related challenges like energy insecurity, whilst exploring climate-resilient energy options to sufficiently mitigate against the impacts of climate change on energy security.

scholarly journals A new approach to assess the impact of extreme temperature conditions on social vulnerability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibolya Török ◽  
Adina-Eliza Croitoru ◽  
Titus-Cristian Man
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The objective of this research is to develop a set of vulnerability indicators and to analyze the effect of climate factors on social vulnerability. While the main aim of the study is to improve the existing methodology by quantifying the effects of climate change on social vulnerability, it also represents a novel scientific contribution in the field, as it delimits for the first time in the Romanian literature the most vulnerable areas from this point of view. This study aims to facilitate the decision-making processes and planning efforts targeting the increase of resilience and adaptive capacity of local communities. By applying the principal component analysis, we have selected 45 variables and have constructed four aggregated indexes. The Climate-Related Social Vulnerability index (CleSoVI) has pointed out that the largest impact on the current vulnerability of settlements in the test region (Cluj County) can be attributed to the lack of adaptive capacity and increased poverty, the most vulnerable areas being represented by the eastern and north-western parts of the county. From a socio-economic point of view, local authorities' efforts should concentrate on reducing the vulnerability of these regions and preparing them to cope with- and adapt to the impact of climate change.

Vulnerability of dairy based livelihoods to climate variability and change- A study of Western Ghat Region- Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Radhakrishnan ◽  
Jancy Gupta ◽  
R. DileepKumar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Western Ghat ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Level Data ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rural Appraisal

This study examines vulnerability of dairy based livelihoods to climate change applying index based approach underlying the principles of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), using 28 indicators to construct an overall Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) to climate change, an important step in evolving appropriate adaptation strategies to climate change. Detailed house hold level data of dairy based livelihoods of Ratnagiri region of Western Ghats were collected through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and personal interviews from 180 randomly selected farmers of three talukas of Ratnagiri district complemented by thirty years of gridded weather data and other secondary data sources. The analysis revealed that the dairy farmers of Lanja taluka were most vulnerable among those of Ratnagiri district.The index score of dairy based livelihoods of Lanja taluka was negative with overall value -4.17 with 48% farmers having high level of vulnerability.

scholarly journals Flood Vulnerability Assessment for Prioritizing and Evaluating Rehabilitation of Ungauged Reservoirs Considering Climate Change

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1901
Author(s):  
Sang-Min Jun ◽  
Moon-Seong Kang ◽  
Soonho Hwang ◽  
Jihoon Park ◽  
Jung-Hun Song
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Hydraulic Structure ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flood Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Flood Vulnerability Index

The objective of this research was to apply the flood vulnerability assessment to ungauged reservoirs for prioritizing and evaluating the reservoir rehabilitation according to climate change. The flood vulnerability index (FVI) can quantitatively compare the flood vulnerabilities of the analysis targets and can be used for the relative comparison of hydraulic structures to determine the reinforcement priority. In this study, we proposed a simple FVI that contained exposure and adaptive capacity of the hydraulic structure. We selected ten dam heightening reservoirs in Korea and constructed data for flood vulnerability assessment. The FVI was calculated before and after the dam heightening to analyze the priority and effect of reservoir rehabilitation under climate change. Flood vulnerability indices were estimated for four periods (1995s: 1981–2010, 2025s: 2011–2040, 2055s: 2041–2070, 2085s: 2071–2100) and before/after the dam heightening project. As a result, flood vulnerability indices decreased after the dam heightening project for all reservoirs, and the indices have increasing tendencies in the future. The indices developed in this study can be useful to determine the priority and to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation for hydraulic structures.

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