scholarly journals Not all group members are created equal: heterogeneous abilities in inter-group contests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fallucchi ◽  
Enrique Fatas ◽  
Felix Kölle ◽  
Ori Weisel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Life ◽  
Asymmetric Competition ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Heterogeneous Groups ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Asymmetric Contests ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Significant Intensification ◽  
The Way

AbstractCompetition between groups is ubiquitous in social and economic life, and typically occurs between groups that are not created equal. Here we experimentally investigate the implications of this general observation on the unfolding of symmetric and asymmetric competition between groups that are either homogeneous or heterogeneous in the ability of their members to contribute to the success of the group. Our main finding is that relative to the benchmark case in which two homogeneous compete against each other, heterogeneity within groups per se has no discernable effect on competition, while introducing heterogeneity between groups leads to a significant intensification of conflict as well as increased volatility, thereby reducing earnings of contest participants and increasing inequality. We further find that heterogeneous groups share the labor much more equally than predicted by theory, and that in asymmetric contests group members change the way in which they condition their efforts on those of their peers. Implications for contest designers are discussed.

The English People at War in the Age of Henry VIII

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Life ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Hundred Years War ◽  
National History ◽  
English Population ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
History Books ◽  
The Way

Henry VIII fought many wars, against the French and Scots, against rebels in England and the Gaelic lords of Ireland, even against his traditional allies in the Low Countries. But how much did they really affect his subjects? And what role did Henry’s reign play in the long-term transformation of England’s military capabilities? This book searches for the answers to these questions in parish and borough account books, wills and memoirs, buildings and paintings, letters from Henry’s captains, and the notes readers wrote in their printed history books. It looks back from Henry’s reign to that of his grandfather, Edward IV, who in 1475 invaded France in the afterglow of the Hundred Years War, and forwards to that of Henry’s daughter Elizabeth, who was trying by the 1570s to shape a trained militia and a powerful navy to defend England in a Europe increasingly polarized by religion. War, it shows, marked Henry’s England at every turn: in the news and prophecies people discussed, in the money towns and villages spent on armour, guns, fortifications, and warning beacons, in the way noblemen used their power. War disturbed economic life, made men buy weapons and learn how to use them, and shaped people’s attitudes to the king and to national history. War mobilized a high proportion of the English population and conditioned their relationships with the French and Scots, the Welsh and the Irish. War should be recognized as one of the defining features of life in the England of Henry VIII.

scholarly journals Pelatihan produksi bersih dan manajemen usaha kepada kelompok usaha garam rakyat di Gampong Kuala Idi Cut Kabupaten Aceh Timur (Clean production training and business management for the people's salt business group in Kuala Idi Cut Village, East Aceh District)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
I Iswahyudi ◽  
M Muslimah ◽  
A Abdurrachman
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Business Group ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Clean Production ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Group Members

ABSTRAKTujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pelatihan produksi bersih dan manajemen usaha kepada kelompok usaha garam rakyat di Desa (Gampong) Kuala Idi Cut Kecamatan Darul Aman Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Prosedur pelaksanaan kegiatan teridiri dari; koordinasi kegiatan, sosialisasi, pelatihan, dan pendampingan. Kelompok masyarakat yang menjadi mitra pada kegiatan ini adalah Kelompok Putik Meulu.  Kelompok tersebut merupakan salah satu kelompok usaha garam rakyat, dengan anggota kelompok terdiri dari inong balee (janda) yang kehidupan ekonominya serba kekurangan. Kelompok ini telah menjalankan usahanya sejak tahun 2000 dan mampu memproduksi garam setiap hari sekitar 200 kilogram dari lima dapur dengan aset sekitar Rp 23.500.000. Hasil yang didapatkan, dengan adanya pelatihan produksi bersih garam dan berbagai macam manajemen pengelolaan usaha mampu merubah pola pikir mitra terkait dengan proses produksi garam. Dimana dapur garam dibuat permanen, diberi pagar keliling sehingga terhindar dari hewan yang masuk ke dapur garam. Dari aspek produksi, rata-rata produksi garam meningkat menjadi 90 kg/hari. Selain itu, garam yang dihasilkan juga berwarna putih dan bebas dari kotoran. Kesimpulan, dengan adanya pelatihan produksi bersih garam dan berbagai macam manajemen pengelolaan usaha diharapkan dapat membuka pola pikir petani garam mitra untuk menggunakan teknologi yang maju agar produktivitas garamnya meningkat.Kata kunci: garam rakyat, manajemen usaha, produksi bersih garam ABSTRACTThe purpose of this service activity is to provide training in clean production and business management to the people's salt business group in Kuala Idi Cut Village, Darul Aman Sub-District, East Aceh District. The procedure for implementing activities consists of; coordination of activities, socialization, training, and mentoring. The community group that is a partner in this activity is the Putik Meulu Group. The group is one of the people's salt business groups, with group members consisting of inong balee (widows) whose economic life is completely deprived. This group has been running its business since 2000 and is able to produce around 200 kilograms of salt every day from five kitchens with assets of around Rp 23,500,000. The results obtained, with training in clean salt production and various kinds of business management, are able to change the mindset of partners related to the salt production process. Where the salt kitchen is made permanent, it is given a fence around so as to avoid animals entering the salt kitchen. From the production aspect, the average salt production increased to 90 kg/day. In addition, the resulting salt is also white and free from impurities. In conclusion, with training in salt clean production and various kinds of business management, it is hoped that it will open the mindset of partner salt farmers to use advanced technology to increase their salt productivity.Keywords: people's salt, business management, clean salt production

Importance of Projective Identification Influence on Countertransference in a Traumatized Group

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Milivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Projective Identification ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Identification Mechanism ◽  
The Way

In this paper I recount the difficulties of working with the group whose members were traumatized during the bombing of Serbia and Montenegro in 1999. The difficulties were most present in transference-countertransference relations. The focus will be the influence of the projective identification mechanism on counter-transference, and how this mechanism is used in order to express the feelings that cannot otherwise be expressed, except for the therapist to experience them. The communications aspects of Projective Identification (PI) were evident when the group members tended to provoke certain feelings and thoughts within the therapist, trying to involve him in some kind of an acting-out and so avoid anxiety related to their feelings. Therefore it was of great importance that the therapist should observe his countertransference feelings as the way for the feelings of the group members to be registered, since they cannot be registered in any other way.

scholarly journals The Limits of Liberal-Democracy Promotion

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Democracy Promotion ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Per Se ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Empirical Case Studies ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

One of the few unambiguously positive outcomes of the George W. Bush years is a greater interest in the practice of democracy promotion. However, the expansion of scholarship in this area has not been matched by an equal expansion in its scope. There continues to be an overwhelming tendency to focus exclusively on empirical case studies and policy prescriptions, usually informed by a set of unstated liberal assumptions. Nothing is necessarily wrong with this per se. The problem stems from the lack of attention directed toward the larger theoretical and conceptual frameworks that inform and shape these practices. Responding to this state of affairs, this article examines the way certain theoretical tendencies and commitments have helped give rise to many problematic aspects of liberal democracy promotion. It is necessary to challenge the restrictive framework that currently dominates. It is argued that to do so entails rethinking, extending, and pluralizing the way democracy itself is conceived.

scholarly journals Maria Montessori, pedagogical orthodoxy, and the question of correct practice (1921-1929)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Bérengère Kolly
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Maria Montessori ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Way

The issue of correct practice (i.e., according to Henri Louis Go, practice that reflects the spirit and letter of a pedagogy), concerns every pedagogue, and Maria Montessori certainly took correct practice very seriously from the outset. Indeed, her emphasis on this crucial issue explains some of the strategic choices she made, as well as the ways she promoted her method abroad, and the relationships she maintained with her contemporaries (analyzed here via the early years of the journal Pour l’Ère nouvelle). These all led to accusations of dogmatism or pedagogical orthodoxy that continue to be leveled at the Montessori network today. This article sets out to explore the controversy surrounding the issue of correct practice in the field of pedagogy, taking Montessori as its example. Focusing on the 1920s, it considers the questions raised by attempts to protect a life’s work within a heterogeneous array of philosophical and political practices and positions. It also explores the reticence that some of Montessori’s contemporaries (particularly Decroly and Ferrière) showednot toward her pedagogy per se, but toward the way she conceived of and applied this pedagogy. 

scholarly journals INDONESIAN EFL TEACHERS’ CONCEPTUALIZATION OF CULTURE IN THE 21ST CENTURY EFL CLASSROOM (Konseptualisasi yang Dimiliki Guru Bahasa Inggris Indonesia Terkait dengan Kultur dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris sebagai Bahasa Asing pada Abad XXI)

SUAR BETANG ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruly Morganna ◽  
Sakut Anshori
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Learning Culture ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Teaching Principles ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Way ◽  
Efl Learning

In dealing with the 21st century EFL pedagogy where interculturality and multiculturality are promoted to be the crucial aspects of EFL learning, this study is oriented towards investigating Indonesian EFL teachers’ conceptualization of culture in EFL classroom. The conceptualization in this sense is emphasized on their knowledge construction underlying their teaching principles. This study was conducted qualitatively by engaging three Indonesian EFL teachers selected purposively. The data of this study were garnered from open-ended questionnaires and interview. Regarding the teachers’ conceptualization, this study revealed that culture referred to the way of living becoming the framework of language use since language per se referred to a social semiotic, and the framework of learning going on inter and intra-individually. In EFL learning, culture was viewed from its interculturality. Interculturality was supported although two teachers stayed in native-speakerism specifically for linguistic competence. This study is meaningful since it serves a set of contributive knowledge vis-a-vis culture in EFL learning for EFL teachers and curriculum developers. However, this study is still delimited on cultural conception. Further studies are expected to work on the practice of cultural conception to deal with the 21st century EFL learning in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The Revolution May Well Be Gasified

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (02) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Methane Carbon ◽  
The Way ◽  
The Revolution

This article discusses how some people are using wood pellets, corn, grass, and other biomass to power their homes and cars with near zero percent emissions. The process that has inspired these people to do it themselves is not burning, per se, but gasification: the decomposition of biomass into gases that can then be burned cleanly. Moreover, these gases can be sent directly into conventional engines much the way natural gas can. When a carbon-y chunk is heated to a high enough temperature, it begins to break down into methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and other gases, which will readily combust with oxygen to produce a flame. If the oxygen supply is choked off, one can collect the gas to be burned. The synthesized gas, or syngas, can be burned efficiently and with extremely low emissions.

scholarly journals Gatherers of central Poland: a field study

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rakowski
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

This paper concerns the way in which poor inhabitants of a rapidly industrialized terrain in central Poland gather and collect different sort of waste. Such phenomena as dwelling by using gathered scrap and any industrial waste serve as a field for an anthropological study. One the one hand the gathering is a certain strategy of surviving. On the other these collected things create a kind of a narrative - the objects anchor the gatherers experience, write down their biographies and reveal their relation to the local social and economic life.

scholarly journals Reflexivity in Applying “Inspiration Economy” Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 160940691774915
Author(s):  
Dunya Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed Buheji
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Knowledge Community ◽  
Core Study ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Reflexive Analysis ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Way

The overarching aim of this research is to extend and examine the way in which the inspiration economy (IE) can be applied in different contexts and countries, bearing in mind how social and cultural contexts influence the way in which research methods and fields are utilized. This is achieved through a reflexive analysis of a research study in the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The originality of the method focuses on the involvement of research groups in collecting and analyzing data with minimal resources and on the role of mentoring which gives group members greater ownership of the process and results/outcomes. This leads to the different researching teams building an internal drive to implement an IE case study, which was the core study of all the research studies. The study concludes with recommendations concerning the importance of involving research groups and of opening up a new path for the knowledge community. It also stresses the power of youth and research groups for the future of research in conducting and implementing research outcomes.

scholarly journals Supporting Cooperative Dialogue in Heterogeneous Groups in Elementary Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alieke M. van Dijk ◽  
Tessa H. S. Eysink ◽  
Ton de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heterogeneous Groups ◽  
Interdependence Theory ◽  
Cooperative Process ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Task Oriented

Literature agrees that learning in heterogeneous groups could benefit from support that structures the cooperative process, but has been inconclusive as to what this support should look like. This study investigated the effects of a worksheet that structured a heterogeneous cooperative process. The worksheet addressed the elements of social interdependence theory. Fourth to sixth graders ( n = 136) worked cooperatively in 34 heterogeneous groups of four, either with or without the worksheet. Results showed that heterogeneous cooperation benefited from the worksheet. Group members with the worksheet participated more equally in the domain-related dialogue, and a larger proportion of the group dialogue was task oriented and spent on exchanging domain-related explanations in comparison with the control group. However, adding the worksheet helped only low-ability children to increase their level of knowledge. Future research should look into possibilities for children’s learning outcomes to benefit more from improved heterogeneous group dialogue.

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