scholarly journals Determination of fracture energy (mode I) in the inverse fiber metal laminates using experimental–numerical approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sz. Duda ◽  
M. Smolnicki ◽  
T. Osiecki ◽  
G. Lesiuk
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Cohesive Elements ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Composite Layers ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Interface Layers

AbstractFiber metal laminates (FML) are hybrid materials consisting of metal and composite layers. They have great mechanical and fatigue properties. However, interface between metal and composite layers can be critical for their final properties. In this paper, process of determination of some fracture parameters of this interface in unusual FML material is described. Experimental tests following ASTM norm were conducted using Double Cantilever Beam (DCB). However, due to asymmetry, fracture energy cannot be obtained directly from the force–displacement curve. Finite element method simulations were carried out using cohesive elements and cohesive surfaces approach. The cohesive behavior of interface layers were modelled using traction separation law. Key properties of this law were obtained—maximal traction and fracture energy. In this particular case cohesive approach was better in reflecting experimental results. Determined values can be used in later research tasks (like modelling big structures containing this material) as material properties. The presented approach can be used successfully to obtain fracture energy in cases of materials for which standard approach is insufficient.

scholarly journals Delamination Buckling and Crack Propagation Simulations in Fiber-Metal Laminates Using xFEM and Cohesive Elements

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide De Cicco ◽  
Farid Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Cohesive Elements ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Delamination Buckling ◽  
Fiber Metal

Simulation of fracture in fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) and hybrid composites is a challenging task. This paper investigates the potential of combining the extended finite element method (xFEM) and cohesive zone method (CZM), available through LS-DYNA commercial finite element software, for effectively modeling delamination buckling and crack propagation in fiber metal laminates (FML). The investigation includes modeling the response of the standard double cantilever beam test specimen, and delamination-buckling of a 3D-FML under axial impact loading. It is shown that the adopted approach could effectively simulate the complex state of crack propagation in such materials, which involves crack propagation within the adhesive layer along the interface, and its diversion from one interface to the other. The corroboration of the numerical predictions and actual experimental observations is also demonstrated. In addition, the limitations of these numerical methodologies are discussed.

Determination of Ballistic Limits of GLARE 5 Fiber-Metal Laminates: The Influences of Geometry, Thickness and Stacking Sequence

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Seyed Yaghoubi ◽  
B. Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Velocity Versus ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Ballistic Limit ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Limit Velocity ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity

In this paper, GLARE 5 fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) of two different geometries: 152.4mm×101.6mm (6″×4″) plate and 254mm×25.4mm (10″×1″) beam and with various thicknesses and stacking sequences were impacted by a 0.22 caliber bullet-shaped projectile using a high-speed gas gun. Velocities of the projectile along the ballistic trajectory were measured at different locations. For both geometries, the incident projectile impact velocity versus the residual velocity was plotted and numerically fitted according to the classical Lambert–Jonas equation for the determination of ballistic limit velocity, V50. The results showed that V50 varied in a parabolic trend with respect to the metal volume fraction (MVF) and the specimen thickness for both geometries. It was found that by changing the geometry from a plate to a beam, the ballistic limit velocity increased. On the other hand, changing the stacking sequence had a less pronounced effect on V50 for both geometries. The quasi-isotropic beam and plate specimens offered relatively higher ballistic limit velocities compared to other types of stacking sequences in their own geometrical groups. Furthermore, the cross-ply and unidirectional beam specimens showed relatively higher V50 compared to their plate counterparts. Experimental results showed that the ballistic limit was almost the same for the quasi-isotropic layup FMLs of both plate and beam geometries.

Impact of Fiber Metal Laminates - Literature Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1355-1370
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Lisowski
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Composite Contact

AbstractThe paper refers the general idea of composite materials especially Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) with respect to low-velocity impact incidents. This phenomenon was characterized by basic parameters and energy dissipation mechanisms. Further considerations are matched with analytical procedures with reference to linearized spring-mass models, impact characteristics divided into energy correlations (global flexure, delamination, tensile fracture and petaling absorbed energies) and set of motion second order differential equations. Experimental tests were based on analytical solutions for different types of FML - GLARE type plates and were held in accordance to ASTM standards. The structure model reveals plenty of dependences related to strain rate effect, deflection represented by the correlations among plate and intender deformation, separate flexure characteristics for aluminium and composite, contact definition based on intender end-radius shape stress analysis supported by FSDT, von Karman strains as well as CLT. Failure criteria were conformed to layers specifications with respect to von Misses stress-strain criterion for aluminium matched with Tsai-Hill or Puck criterion for unidirectional laminate. At the final stage numerical simulation were made in FEM programs such as ABAQUS and ANSYS. Future prospects were based on the experiments held over 3D-fiberglass (3DFG) FMLs with magnesium alloy layers which covers more favorable mechanical properties than FMLs.

An experimental investigation on infusion time and strength of fiber metal laminates made by vacuum infusion process

2020 ◽  
pp. 146442072094189
Author(s):  
Soheil Dariushi ◽  
Sepideh Farahmandnia ◽  
Amir Masoud Rezadoust
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
Aluminum Layer ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Vacuum Infusion ◽  
Composite Layers ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Manufacturing Time ◽  
Vacuum Infusion Process

The vacuum infusion process can be used to fabricate fiber metal laminates with reduced manufacturing time and cost. In this method, the holes in the aluminum layers are created due to the better flow of the resin and to ensure that the fibers are completely impregnated. Created holes can cause problems in using these fiber metal laminates. For example, structural strength is reduced and some parts of the composite layers are exposed to environmental conditions. A proper solution to these problems has been proposed and investigated in this article. If a non-perforated aluminum layer is used as the first layer to be in contact with the mold, this layer becomes the outer layer of the structure made of fiber metal laminates. This non-symmetric fiber metal laminate will still be resistant to moisture and other environmental conditions due to the presence of an intact aluminum layer on the outermost layer, such as conventional fiber metal laminates. This aluminum layer also increases the strength of fiber metal laminates in comparison with fiber metal laminates that its all aluminum layers are perforated. In this paper, the effect of holes diameter of aluminum layers on the resin flow rate (consequently the duration of the fabrication) and the mechanical strength of the structure were investigated. The results showed that holes in the upper and middle layers of aluminum can significantly increase the speed of fabrication, but the presence of the holes causes a slight decrease in the final strength of the sample.

scholarly journals Creep Age Forming of Fiber Metal Laminates: Effects of Process Time and Temperature and Stacking Sequence of Core Material

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7881
Author(s):  
Mehdi Safari ◽  
Ricardo Alves de Sousa ◽  
Fábio Fernandes ◽  
Mazaher Salamat-Talab ◽  
Arash Abdollahzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Core Material ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Composite Layers ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Creep Age Forming ◽  
Springback Behavior ◽  
Alloy 6061

Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are a type of hybrid materials interlacing composites and metals. In the present work, FMLs with aluminum alloy 6061 as the skin and E-glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) as the core material are fabricated and formed by the creep age forming (CAF) process. The effects of time and temperature as the process parameters and thickness and stacking sequences of composites layers as the FML parameters are evaluated on the springback of glass-reinforced aluminum laminates (GLARE) FMLs. After the CAF process, the springback of creep age-formed FMLs is calculated. The results show that the FMLs can be successfully formed with the CAF process by considering appropriate time and temperature. In addition, the stacking sequence of composite layers can affect the springback behavior of FMLs significantly.

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