Silicon in living organisms and new-generation biocomposite materials (review)

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Beletskii ◽  
N. V. Sventskaya
Keyword(s):  
Living Organisms ◽  
New Generation

scholarly journals BCSExplorer: a customized biosynthetic chemical space explorer with multifunctional objective function analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Tian ◽  
Ling Wu ◽  
Le Yuan ◽  
Shaozhen Ding ◽  
Fu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Space ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Bulk Chemicals ◽  
Toxicity Analysis ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Rule Library

Abstract Summary The biosynthetic ability of living organisms has important applications in producing bulk chemicals, biofuels and natural products. Based on the most comprehensive biosynthesis knowledgebase, a computational system, BCSExplorer, is proposed to discover the unexplored chemical space using nature’s biosynthetic potential. BCSExplorer first integrates the most comprehensive biosynthetic reaction database with 280 000 biochemical reactions and 60 000 chemicals biosynthesized globally over the past 130 years. Second, in this study, a biosynthesis tree is computed for a starting chemical molecule based on a comprehensive biotransformation rule library covering almost all biosynthetic possibilities, in which redundant rules are removed using a new algorithm. Moreover, biosynthesis feasibility, drug-likeness and toxicity analysis of a new generation of compounds will be pursued in further studies to meet various needs. BCSExplorer represents a novel method to explore biosynthetically available chemical space. Availability and implementation BCSExplorer is available at: http://www.rxnfinder.org/bcsexplorer/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

scholarly journals THE MAIN CONCEPTS OF SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES AS A NEW GENERATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE DRUGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Polianskii ◽  
◽  
Anatoly I. Ginak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Polymer Carrier ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
New Generation

Currently, peptide-based drugs are increasingly replacing dosage forms which have been widely used for many years due to their affinity for living organisms and greater selectivity to biological targets, which lead to a growing demand. To meet that demand, a method using a solid polymer carrier (solid-phase synthesis), which has no alternative for fast and large-scale synthesis, is used. Nevertheless, work on its improvement is carried out non-stop, not only to optimize the chemical process, but also to bring the process to compliance with environmental standards dictated by modern concepts of green chemistry

scholarly journals Next-Gen Network: Microwave Perspective: Impact, Challenges and Opportunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 985-988
Author(s):  
Aditi Naik
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Next Generation Network ◽  
Tissue Heating ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Generation Network ◽  
Heating Radiation ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
New Generation

Abstract: Our need for higher performance and improved efficiency has led to the invention of 4G from 1G. This tendency to never settle has now brought us to a new generation of mobile communication - 5G. It is expected to provide more than just a faster network. Reduced latency, enormous netwrok capacity, greater reliability and overall improved user experience. This has come into focus with the possibility that the unused spectrum - (300 MHz to 30 GHz) can also be brought into use in the telecommunication inductry. As we know, everything comes with its own demerits and in this review paper, we shall discuss the health effects that microwave radiation has on living organisms with the antennas and connected devices being in close proximity to users and other organisms. Thereafter, we shall discuss the challenges and opportunities of the same. Keywords: next generation network, millimeter waves, health impact, tissue heating, radiation

Alien Species Stay Home: The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments 2004

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tsimplis
Keyword(s):  
Ballast Water ◽  
New Technology ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Certification System ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Imminent Threat ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
New Generation

AbstractThe transfer of organisms by ships has been altering the ecosystems for many decades. Living organisms within ballast water is part of this problem. Where ballast water has been taken from heavily polluted areas then potential risks for human health are also created. The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water (the Ballast Water Convention—referred to hereafter as the BWC) is the first international attempt to provide a legal and technical instrument for a risk that was not so far covered by any legal regime. The BWC imposes obligations both on the flag and the port states and provides for a certification system that will eventually be able to regulate ballast water management. Ambitious ballast water quality standards are included but they will not be imposed until 2016 when a new generation of ships having the required new technology will be developed. These strict standards are subject to review on the basis of their feasibility and cost implications. In the meantime only some basic precautions and restrictions, together with a complex surveying and certification system, will be imposed. Moreover, these restrictions will only be imposed if they do not cause delay or deviation for the ships, arguably making one wonder whether the problem is indeed a serious and imminent threat to the environment.

scholarly journals Liquid Metal Based Flexible and Implantable Biosensors

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Mingkuan Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Wang ◽  
Zhiping Huang ◽  
Wei Rao
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Flexible Sensors ◽  
Implantable Biosensors ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Sensor Temperature ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Sensor Strain

Biosensors are the core elements for obtaining significant physiological information from living organisms. To better sense life information, flexible biosensors and implantable sensors that are highly compatible with organisms are favored by researchers. Moreover, materials for preparing a new generation of flexible sensors have also received attention. Liquid metal is a liquid-state metallic material with a low melting point at or around room temperature. Owing to its high electrical conductivity, low toxicity, and superior fluidity, liquid metal is emerging as a highly desirable candidate in biosensors. This paper is dedicated to reviewing state-of-the-art applications in biosensors that are expounded from seven aspects, including pressure sensor, strain sensor, gas sensor, temperature sensor, electrical sensor, optical sensor, and multifunctional sensor, respectively. The fundamental scientific and technological challenges lying behind these recommendations are outlined. Finally, the perspective of liquid metal-based biosensors is present, which stimulates the upcoming design of biosensors.

Recent advances in new generation dye removal technologies: novel search for approaches to reprocess wastewater

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (39) ◽  
pp. 30801-30818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akil Ahmad ◽  
Siti Hamidah Mohd-Setapar ◽  
Chuo Sing Chuong ◽  
Asma Khatoon ◽  
Waseem A. Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dye Removal ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Removal Technologies ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
New Generation

In order to control the negative impacts of dyes on living organisms, several techniques and methodologies have been developed for their removal from industry effluents and other water bodies.

Redox Reactions in Lipid Membranes as a Model for Primordial Energy-Conserving Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Bernardo ◽  
Romana Fato ◽  
Giorgio Lenaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Asymmetrical Distribution ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractOne of the peculiar aspects of living systems is the production and conservation of energy. This aspect is provided by specialized organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts, in developed living organisms. In primordial systems lacking specialized enzymatic complexes the energy supply was probably bound to the generation and maintenance of an asymmetric distribution of charged molecules in compartmentalized systems. On the basis of experimental evidence, we suggest that lipophilic quinones were involved in the generation of this asymmetrical distribution of charges through vectorial redox reactions across lipid membranes.

Finding the Right Problems: Some HREM Applications to Interfaces

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 376-379
Author(s):  
D. Cherns
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Boundary Structure ◽  
Atomic Structures ◽  
Grain Boundary Structure ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Better Than

The use of high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) to determine the atomic structure of grain boundaries and interfaces is a topic of great current interest. Grain boundary structure has been considered for many years as central to an understanding of the mechanical and transport properties of materials. Some more recent attention has focussed on the atomic structures of metalsemiconductor interfaces which are believed to control electrical properties of contacts. The atomic structures of interfaces in semiconductor or metal multilayers is an area of growing interest for understanding the unusual electrical or mechanical properties which these new materials possess. However, although the point-to-point resolutions of currently available HREMs, ∼2-3Å, appear sufficient to solve many of these problems, few atomic models of grain boundaries and interfaces have been derived. Moreover, with a new generation of 300-400kV instruments promising resolutions in the 1.6-2.0 Å range, and resolutions better than 1.5Å expected from specialist instruments, it is an appropriate time to consider the usefulness of HREM for interface studies.

Total etch dentin bonding systems: scanning electron microscopy of the resin-dentin hybrid layer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Acid Agent ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
New Generation

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.

Low-voltage, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy of polymers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 466-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Krause ◽  
W.W. Adams ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
T. Reilly ◽  
T. Suziki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Crossover Point ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Beam Damage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of polymers at routine operating voltages of 15 to 25 keV can lead to beam damage and sample image distortion due to charging. Imaging polymer samples with low accelerating voltages (0.1 to 2.0 keV), at or near the “crossover point”, can reduce beam damage, eliminate charging, and improve contrast of surface detail. However, at low voltage, beam brightness is reduced and image resolution is degraded due to chromatic aberration. A new generation of instruments has improved brightness at low voltages, but a typical SEM with a tungsten hairpin filament will have a resolution limit of about 100nm at 1keV. Recently, a new field emission gun (FEG) SEM, the Hitachi S900, was introduced with a reported resolution of 0.8nm at 30keV and 5nm at 1keV. In this research we are reporting the results of imaging coated and uncoated polymer samples at accelerating voltages between 1keV and 30keV in a tungsten hairpin SEM and in the Hitachi S900 FEG SEM.

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