Multiple factors influence adventitious rooting in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) stem cuttings

In this study, Dianthus caryophyllus L. was used as the experimental plant to investigate the effects of rooting substrate and exogenous auxin concentration on the adventitious rooting of the stem cuttings. Our results showed that the formulated substrates with different physicochemical properties significantly affected the root formation. The substrate with a ratio of cocopeat to perlite at 1:1 (v:v) resulted in the optimum rooting of D. caryophyllus cuttings. Different Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) concentrations affected the rooting percentage and seedling rate of D. caryophyllus. Application of NAA at 1000 mg·kg−1 with IBA at 100 mg·kg−1 resulted in the greatest rooting percentage and improved breeding speed. The rooting percentage and seedling rate did not increase with the increase in auxin concentration. Based on these results, we concluded that an appropriate rooting substrate is required to fulfill proper rooting of D. caryohhyllus cuttings, whereas an exogenous application of IBA and NAA at 1000 mg·kg−1 and 100 mg·kg−1 promoted the rooting and a higher auxin concertation inhibited rooting.

Download Full-text

Integration of Phenotype and Hormone Data during Adventitious Rooting in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Stem Cuttings

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8070226 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 226

Author(s):

María Salud Justamante ◽

José Ramón Acosta-Motos ◽

Antonio Cano ◽

Joan Villanova ◽

Virginia Birlanga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽

Complex Trait ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Auxin Level ◽

Efficient Procedure ◽

Hybrid Lines

The rooting of stem cuttings is a highly efficient procedure for the vegetative propagation of ornamental plants. In cultivated carnations, an increased auxin level in the stem cutting base produced by active auxin transport from the leaves triggers adventitious root (AR) formation from the cambium. To provide additional insight into the physiological and genetic basis of this complex trait, we studied AR formation in a collection of 159 F1 lines derived from a cross between two hybrid cultivars (2003 R 8 and 2101-02 MFR) showing contrasting rooting performances. In three different experiments, time-series for several stem and root architectural traits were quantified in detail in a subset of these double-cross hybrid lines displaying extreme rooting phenotypes and their parental genotypes. Our results indicate that the water content and area of the AR system directly contributed to the shoot water content and shoot growth. Moreover, morphometric data and rooting quality parameters were found to be associated with some stress-related metabolites such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the ethylene precursor, and the conjugated auxin indol-3-acetic acid-aspartic acid (IAA-Asp).

Download Full-text

Early steps of adventitious rooting: morphology, hormonal profiling and carbohydrate turnover in carnation stem cuttings

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1111/ppl.12114 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 150 (3) ◽

pp. 446-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

María Ángeles Agulló-Antón ◽

Almudena Ferrández-Ayela ◽

Nieves Fernández-García ◽

Carlos Nicolás ◽

Alfonso Albacete ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Stem Cuttings

Download Full-text

The microRNA476a/RFL module regulates adventitious root formation through a mitochondria-dependent pathway in Populus

10.1101/852178 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Changzheng Xu ◽

Yuanxun Tao ◽

Xiaokang Fu ◽

Li Guo ◽

Haitao Xing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adventitious Root ◽

Developmental Plasticity ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Adventitious Root Formation ◽

Auxin Signaling ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽

Dynamic Regulation ◽

Mitochondrial Regulation ◽

Mitochondrial Homeostasis

AbstractAdventitious root (AR) formation at the base of stem cuttings determines the efficiency of clonal propagation for woody plants. Many endogenous and environmental factors influence AR formation. However, our knowledge about the regulation of AR development by mitochondrial metabolism in plants is very limited. Here we identified Populus-specific miR476a as a novel regulator of wound-induced adventitious rooting via orchestrating mitochondrial homeostasis in poplar. MiR476a exhibited inducible expression during AR formation and directly targets several Restorer of Fertility like (RFL) genes encoding mitochondrion-localized pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. Genetic modification of miR476-RFL expression revealed the miR476/RFL-mediated dynamic regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis on AR formation in transgenic poplar. Furthermore, mitochondrial perturbation via exogenous chemical inhibitor validated that the miR476a/RFL-directed AR formation depended on mitochondrial regulation though modulating the auxin pathway. Our results established a miRNA-directed mitochondrion-auxin signaling cascade required for AR development, providing novel insights into the understanding of mitochondrial regulation on plant developmental plasticity.

Download Full-text

Stock Plant Nutrition Influences the Adventitious Rooting of ‘Rotundifolia’ Holly Stem Cuttings

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-9.2.83 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 83-85

Author(s):

William H. Rein ◽

Robert D. Wright ◽

Dale D. Wolf

Keyword(s):

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Stock Plant ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Percent Moisture ◽

Growth Activity ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Fertilizer Rates ◽

Treatment Design

Abstract Containerized stock plants of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Rotundifolia’ were liquid-fertilized at least three times per week with nitrogen (N) at five rates (25, 50, 100,200, and 300 mg N/l) and in two forms (100% NH4NO3 or 50% NH4NO3 + 50% urea) in a factorial treatment design. Phosphorus and potassium were included in a constant ratio with N (100 N:15 P:50 K). Leaf and stem percent N levels were suboptimal at the lowest fertilizer rate and excessive at the highest fertilizer rate. Percent rooting of stem cuttings decreased linearly with fertilizer rate. With increasing fertilizer rates, total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) levels increased in leaves and remained constant in stems. Stem cutting percent moisture increased and was highly correlated with fertilizer rate. The form of N applied made no statistical difference in these trends. The decrease in percent rooting with increasing fertilizer rates was attributed to increases in shoot growth activity and decreased tissue maturation.

Download Full-text

Methods of Auxin Application in Cutting Propagation: A Review of 70 Years of Scientific Discovery and Commercial Practice

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-25.3.166 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 166-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Eugene K. Blythe ◽

Jeff L. Sibley ◽

Ken M. Tilt ◽

John M. Ruter

Keyword(s):

Scientific Discovery ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Worker Safety ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Cutting Propagation ◽

Commercial Practice ◽

The Past ◽

Application Techniques ◽

Application Methods ◽

Basic And Applied Research

Abstract The discovery of auxins as plant growth regulating chemicals in the 1930s and their ability to stimulate adventitious rooting in stem cuttings marked a major milestone in the modern history of plant propagation. Basic and applied research conducted during the past 70 years has provided information regarding absorption and translocation of auxin in cuttings, as well as the effects of timing of auxin application, methods of auxin application, type of auxin, and concentration of auxin on the rooting response of cuttings. The basal quick-dip method, the powder application method, and the dilute soak method have been the most commonly used methods for applying auxin to cuttings in commercial horticulture over the past 7 decades, with the first two methods still in common use today. In addition, a wide variety of other auxin application methods have been reported beginning in the 1930s and continuing to the present. Some of these methods remain primarily of historical interest, several find limited use in commercial horticulture, and others show potential for greater use in the future. Opportunities exist for further development of auxin application techniques that can enhance plant quality, efficiency and productivity of the cutting propagation process, and worker safety. This review provides horticulturists, from the academic researcher to the commercial propagator, with an exploration of auxin application methods over the past 70 years, along with an examination of the physiological response of cuttings to applied auxin and an overview of issues leading to future opportunities.

Download Full-text

Effects of Cutting Node, Rooting Promoter, and Media on Adventitious Rooting of Stem Cuttings in Clematis

Journal of Korea Society for Plants People and Environment ◽

10.11628/ksppe.2014.17.6.477 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 477-482

Author(s):

Mi Jung Kil ◽

◽

Bong Sik Yoo ◽

Jea A Jung ◽

Young Soon Kwon

Keyword(s):

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Stem Cuttings

Download Full-text

Propagation of three native Brazilian Piper species by cuttings and indole butyric acid

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas ◽

10.17584/rcch.2018v12i2.7359 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 491-499

Author(s):

Aurea Portes Ferriani ◽

Cícero Deschamps ◽

Wanderlei Do Amaral ◽

Luiz Everson da Silva

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Indole Butyric Acid ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Biological Reserve

Native Piper species present significant repellent, antimicrobial, inseticidal, anti-tumor and anti-protozoal biological activities. Studies on new species can discover unpublished potentialities and vegetative propagation for the development of cultivation protocols and reduce the natural extraction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rooting of P. arboreum, P. cernuum and P. diospyrifolium stem cuttings with different treatments containing doses of indole butyric acid (0, 500; 1,000; 1,500; 2,000 and 3,000 mg L-1). Branches were collected in the “Bom Jesus Biological Reserve”, Parana state, Brazil. The cuttings, with a length of 12 cm and average diameter of 6 mm, were placed in 53 cm3 plastic tubes with the commercial substrate Tropstrato HP® and intermittent misting. After 90 days, the survival, mortality, cuttings with new shoots, number and length of the three main roots were evaluated. The percentages of rooting reached an average of 67.5% for P. arboreum, 51.6% for P. cernuum and 50.4% for P. diospyrifolium. A positive effect in the treatments containing the plant regulator was observed for rooting development, percentage of cuttings with shoots and number of roots per propagule, but there were variations in the responses of each species. Leaf retention was an important factor for the adventitious rooting formation in all evaluated species.

Download Full-text

Adventitious rooting on the Brazilian red-cloak and sanchezia after application of indole-butyric and humic acids

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620140000400010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 434-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lílian EB Baldotto ◽

Marihus A Baldotto

Keyword(s):

Humic Acids ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Root Formation ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Indole Butyric Acid ◽

Number Of Leaves

Plant regulators, as well as bioactive fractions of the organic matter, can accelerate the development and increase the efficiency of adventitious rooting in ornamental plants. We evaluated rooting in the Brazilian red-cloak (Megaskepasma erythrochlamys) and sanchezia (Sanchezia nobilis) cuttings in response to application of indole-butyric acid (IBA) and humic acids (HA). Stem cuttings of both species treated with solutions of 0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/L of IBA and 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 mmol/L of C of HA were placed in 2.0 L plastic pots containing carbonized rice husk, kept in greenhouse. Survival of cuttings, number of leaves and shoot and root fresh and dry matter were evaluated 45 days after. Data were used to run an analysis of variance. We observed the average contrasts, calculated the regression equations and estimated the concentrations that provided the best efficiency in terms of root dry matter. For IBA, 185.4 and 66.8 mg/L were the concentrations that promoted the highest root dry matter accumulation in the Brazilian red-cloak and sanchezia, respectively, with increments of 140 and 22.5% in relation to the control. HA, at 33.6 mmol L-1 of C, increased shoot fresh and dry matter in the Brazilian red-cloak, but reduced root formation compared to the control. In sanchezia, HA at 19.5 mmol L-1 of C promoted increases of 35.9% in root dry matter in relation to the control. We concluded that IBA, in the abovementioned concentrations, increased adventitious rooting in cuttings of both the Brazilian red-cloak and sanchezia, while optimal doses of HA solutions are very likely to improve adventitious rooting in sanchezia, but not in the Brazilian red-cloak.

Download Full-text

Production and Rooting of Shoots Generated from Dormant Stem Sections of Maple Species

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.7.1274 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 1274-1275 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Paul H. Henry ◽

John E. Preece

Keyword(s):

Acer Saccharum ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Acer Rubrum ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Study Data ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Red Maple ◽

Significant Variability ◽

Rooting Response ◽

Number Of Shoots

Vegetative shoots were forced in the greenhouse from excised stem (branch) sections of dormant Japanese maple (Acer palmatum Thunb.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Softwood shoots generated in this way were used as stem cuttings in a subsequent adventitious rooting study. Data indicate that maple shoots can be forced using this technique, but that both the percentage of stem sections forming shoots and the number of shoots produced are highly variable among both species and clones. Whereas Japanese and red maple formed shoots on >50% of stem sections, shoots were generated on only 20% of sugar maple stem sections. Significant variability was also observed in rooting response, with red maple shoots rooting at much higher percentages (60%) than either Japanese maple (26%) or sugar maple (15%).

Download Full-text