Social Stories: Mechanisms of Effectiveness in Increasing Game Play Skills in Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder Using a Pretest Posttest Repeated Measures Randomized Control Group Design

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Quirmbach ◽  
Alan J. Lincoln ◽  
Monica J. Feinberg-Gizzo ◽  
Brooke R. Ingersoll ◽  
Siri M. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Social Stories ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Play Skills ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Randomized Control

Neurobiological mechanisms of social cognition treatment in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (14) ◽  
pp. 2374-2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Rosenblau ◽  
Garret O'Connell ◽  
Hauke R. Heekeren ◽  
Isabel Dziobek
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Computer Training ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adults With Asd

AbstractBackgroundThe promise of precision medicine for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) hinges on developing neuroscience-informed individualized interventions. Taking an important step in this direction, we investigated neuroplasticity in response to an ecologically-valid, computer-based social-cognitive training (SCOTT).MethodsIn an active control group design, 48 adults with ASD were randomly assigned to a 3-month SCOTT or non-social computer training. Participants completed behavioral tasks, a functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging session before and after the training period.ResultsThe SCOTT group showed social-cognitive improvements on close and distant generalization tasks. The improvements scaled with reductions in functional activity and increases in cortical thickness in prefrontal regions.ConclusionIn sum, we provide evidence for the sensitivity of neuroscientific methods to reflect training-induced social-cognitive improvements in adults with ASD. These results encourage the use of neuroimaging data to describe and quantify treatment-related changes more broadly.

Cellular Bioenergetic and Metabolic Changes in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gevezova ◽  
Danail Minchev ◽  
Iliana Pacheva ◽  
Yordan Sbirkov ◽  
Ralitsa Yordanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
And Gender

Background: Although Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is considered a heterogeneous neurological disease in childhood, a growing body of evidence associates it with mitochondrial dysfunction explaining the observed comorbidities. Introduction: The aim of this study is to identify variations in cellular bioenergetics and metabolism dependent on mitochondrial function in ASD patients and healthy controls using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We hypothesized that PBMCs may reveal the cellular pathology and provide evidence of bioenergetic and metabolic changes accompanying the disease. Method: PBMC from children with ASD and a control group of the same age and gender were isolated. All patients underwent an in-depth clinical evaluation. A well-characterized cohort of Bulgarian children was selected. Bioenergetic and metabolic studies of isolated PBMCs were performed with a Seahorse XFp analyzer. Result: Our data show that PBMCs from patients with ASD have increased respiratory reserve capacity (by 27.5%), increased maximal respiration (by 67%) and altered adaptive response to oxidative stress induced by DMNQ. In addition, we demonstrate а strong dependence on fatty acids and impaired ability to reprogram cell metabolism. The listed characteristics are not observed in the control group. These results can contribute to a better understanding of the underlying causes of ASD, which is crucial for selecting a successful treatment. Conclusion: The current study, for the first time, provides a functional analysis of cell bioenergetics and metabolic changes in a group of Bulgarian patients with ASD. It reveals physiological abnormalities that do not allow mitochondria to adapt and meet the increased energetic requirements of the cell. The link between mitochondria and ASD is not yet fully understood, but this may lead to the discovery of new approaches for nutrition and therapy.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Early Diagnosed Autism Spectrum Disorder Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shorifa Shahjadi ◽  
Arif Salam Khan ◽  
Mesbah Uddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Blood Ammonia ◽  
Normal Children

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal brain bioenergetics can cause autism.Cellular function impairment due to mitochondrial dysfunction may cause cognitive impairment, language deficits and abnormal energy metabolism in autism.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate biochemical evidence of the mitochondrial dysfunction by measuring blood ammonia, serum lactate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine kinase (CK) in autism spectrum disorder children.Methods: This observational type of analytical study with case-control design was conducted in the Department of Physiology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. For this study, a total number of 20 Subjects were randomly selected, among which 10 were apparently healthy subjects (control group-A) for comparison and 10 were diagnosed children with autism spectrum disorder (study group-B). 5ml venous blood was collected from both groups for analysis serum CK, AST, ALT, lactate and blood ammonia. Blood ammonia, serum lactate, AST, ALT and CK level were estimated in all children by standard laboratory method. Independent sample‘t’ test was used for statistical analysis. P value <0.05 was accepted as significant. The mean of all the measured biochemical variables in normal children were within normal ranges.Result: Blood ammonia, serum lactate, AST, CK were found significantly higher in autism spectrum disorder children in comparison to control Conclusion: From the result of this study it may be concluded that mitochondrial dysfunction occur in autistic spectrum disorder children .J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.1, April, 2017, Page 43-47

scholarly journals Speech-in-noise recognition and the relation to vocal pitch perception in adults with autism spectrum disorder and typical development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Schelinski ◽  
Katharina von Kriegstein
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Pitch Perception ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Vocal Pitch

We tested the ability to recognise speech-in-noise and its relation to the ability to discriminate vocal pitch in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developed adults (matched pairwise on age, sex, and IQ). Typically developed individuals understood speech in higher noise levels as compared to the ASD group. Within the control group but not within the ASD group, better speech-in-noise recognition abilities were significantly correlated with better vocal pitch discrimination abilities. Our results show that speech-in-noise recognition is restricted in people with ASD. We speculate that perceptual impairments such as difficulties in vocal pitch perception might be relevant in explaining these difficulties in ASD.

scholarly journals Autism Spectrum Disorder and Social Stories Purpose and Utility

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Asimina Riga ◽  
Vasiliki Ioannidi ◽  
Nikolaos Papayiannis
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Social Stories ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Communicative Skills ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Support Students

This paper is a brief overview of the use of Social Stories (SS) as a strategy to support students in attaining communicative skills. More specifically, it presents the general purpose as well as the positive results after integrating story-telling methods into the learning and teaching process for children within the autism spectrum; this is so because they typically manifest serious weaknesses with respect to social and communicative skills. Additionally, this study refers to the beneficial prospects of creating SS through digital media as they arouse children’s interest in the subject matter and do reinforce their creativity in developing a variety of life skills. Finally, some enlightening examples of digitally integrated SS are presented within the Greek educational setting especially nowadays in connection with the Covid pandemic. Any educator can actually benefit from reading this paper and, more particularly, those educators who instruct students identified with autism spectrum disorder or any other developmental disability.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Klinis Ofloksasin Topikal Dibanding Ciprofloksasin Oral Pada Terapi Otitis Media Supuratif Kronik Aktif

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deasy Mediawaty ◽  
Pujo Widodo ◽  
Dian Ayu Ruspita
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Per Oral

Latar belakang : Otitis media kronik atau sering disebut Otitis Media Supuratif Kronik (OMSK) adalah otitis media yang berlangsung > 12 minggu. Prevalensi OMSK di seluruh dunia sebanyak 65-330 juta dan 60% di antaranya menderita kurang pendengaran yang signifikan. Angka kejadian OMSK aktif mencapai 3,8% dari pasien THT-KL. Gejala OMSK aktif berupa banyaknya discaj, kurang pendengaran, nyeri, pusing berputar, telinga tidak nyaman. Tanda OMSK aktif berupa discaj di liang telinga, perforasi membran timpani, dan gangguan pendengaran. World Health Organization (WHO) mencanangkan strategi untuk mengatasi OMSK secara serius berkaitan dengan komplikasi yang dapat disebabkan. Pilihan terapi medikamentosa yang tepat diperlukan untuk mengatasi OMSK aktif. Ofloksasin topikal dan ciprofloksasin oral adalah antibiotik golongan fluorokuinolon yang banyak digunakan. Efektivitas diantaranya dibuktikan dengan perbaikan gejala dan tanda klinis. Tujuan : Membuktikan efektifitas ofloksasin topikal, ciprofloksasin oral dan efektifitas ofloksasin topikal dibanding ciprofloksasin oral terhadap perbaikan gejala dan tanda klinis. Metode :  Penelitian intervensi dengan rancangan pretest and posttest control group design, randomized control trial Klinik THT-KL BKIM Semarang pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2016. Penderita OMSK aktif dilakukan anamnesis lalu dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan pendengaran dilanjutkan randomisasi. Penderita diberi ofloksasin topikal 10 tetes/12 jam atau ciprofloksasin tablet 500 mg/12 jam per oral. Hari ke 4, 10 dan 14 setelah terapi penderita kontrol. Analisis uji komparatif menggunakan uji parametrik dan non parametrik. Hasil : Jumlah subyek penelitian 108 orang ; ofloksasin topikal 54 orang (50%) dan ciprofloksasin oral 54 orang  (50 %). Gejala dan tanda klinis setelah terapi lebih rendah dibanding sebelum terapi pada kelompok ofloksasin topikal dan ciprofloksasin oral dengan nilai kemaknaan p < 0,05. Gejala klinis kelompok ofloksasin lebih baik dibanding ciproloksasin secara bermakna (p<0,05). Tanda klinis kedua kelompok terdapat perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Simpulan : Ofloksasin topikal dan ciprofloksasin oral terbukti efektif memperbaiki gejala dan tanda klinis penderita OMSK aktif. Ofloksasin topikal efektif memperbaiki gejala klinis dibandingkan ciprofloksasin oral. Kata kunci : Otitis media supuratif kronik, ofloksasin, ciprofloksasin, gejala dan tanda klinis

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PISANG KEPOK (Musa Paradisiaca Forma Typical) TERHADAP KADAR TRIGLISERIDA TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLEY PRA SINDROM METABOLIK

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-592
Author(s):  
Rusdaina Rusdaina ◽  
Ahmad Syauqy
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Paired T Test

Latar Belakang : Prevalensi pra sindrom metabolik meningkat di negara maju dan berkembang. Faktor risiko pra sindrom metabolik salah satunya ialah hipertrigliseridemia. Serat prebiotik seperti inulin dan pati resisten mampu menurunkan kadar trigliserida. Inulin dan pati resisten terdapat dalam buah pisang seperti pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca forma typical). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca forma typical) terhadap kadar trigliserida tikus Sprague Dawley pra sindrom metabolik.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan true experimental dengan pre-posttest randomized control group design yang menggunakan 28 ekor tikus jantan Sprague Dawley. Pengelompokan dilakukan secara acak menjadi 4 kelompok: kelompok K(-) (hanya diberi pakan standar), K(+) (diberi pakan standar dan induksi STZ), P1 dan P2 (diberi pakan standar, induksi STZ dan pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca forma typical) dengan dosis masing-masing 4,5 dan 9 gram selama 3 minggu). Data dianalisis dengan paired t-test dan Kruskal Wallis.Hasil : Pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca forma typical) dengan dosis masing-masing 4,5 dan 9 gram dapat menurunkan kadar serum trigliserida dari 83,6 ± 9,70 mg/dl menjadi 66,2 ± 4,85 mg/dl dan 79,2 ± 6,76 mg/dl menjadi 47,2 ± 4,42 mg/dl, secara berturut-turut (p<0,05). Perubahan kadar trigliserida pada kelompok K(-), K(+), P1 dan P2, secara berturut-turut 1 (p=0,001); 12 (p=0,005);  -17,4 (p=0,007); dan -31,99 (p=0,000).Simpulan : Pemberian pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca forma typical) dengan dosis 9 g/200 g BB tikus/hr mampu menurunkan kadar serum trigliserida lebih tinggi (p=0,000) sekitar 40,4%.

Feasibility of the stress and anger management program on children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder in a sample population from Karachi

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S360-S360
Author(s):  
B. Tauseef ◽  
Z. Zadeh ◽  
B. Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Anger Management ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Waitlist Control Group

IntroductionResearch shows that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, struggle with emotional competence as compared to their typically developing counterparts. This leads to internalizing (stress) and externalizing (anger management) problems in the affected population. The stress and anger management program (STAMP) designed by Scarpa et al. is a manualized treatment protocol with good clinical efficacy.ObjectiveThe objective of the present study is to test the feasibility and suitability of STAMP as a systematized treatment protocol in Karachi and to enable the sample population, to become emotionally competent.AimThe aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of STAMP on the reduction of symptoms in the sample population.MethodTen children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder will be selected from various institutes in Karachi, and randomized to experimental and waitlist control group after pre-intervention assessment. Upon completion of the intervention with the experimental group, the waitlist control group will be offered the intervention. Both the groups will be assessed, immediately after the intervention, followed by a one-month follow up assessment.ResultsIt is expected that STAMP will significantly reduce the incidence of problem behaviours as measured by the standardized assessment questionnaires from the manual; as well as significantly reduce the severity of scores on the internalizing and externalizing components of the strength and difficulties questionnaire, in the experimental group as compared to the control group.ConclusionIt is expected that the results of the present study could be utilized to train mental health professionals in Karachi for systematized treatment of ASD and related problems.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Effect of physical therapy on 7- to 10-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder: A retrospective study in a university day hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-404
Author(s):  
Jokthan Guivarch ◽  
Elisabeth Jouve ◽  
Elodie Avenel ◽  
François Poinso ◽  
Laura Conforti-Roussel
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Cascading Effect

More than half of children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suffer from motor impairment. In a retrospective study, the authors investigated the effect of a body-mediated workshop with dance movement therapy (DMT) on the motor skills and social skills of children with ASD by comparing 10 autistic children aged 7 to 10 years who benefited from DMT with 10 autistic children in a control group. Scores on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale were compared. The body-mediated workshop had significant benefits for motricity, especially manual dexterity, and for relational skills. A body-mediated workshop may have a multimodal effect and requires transmodal training. Regarding the mechanisms that explain the benefits and the cascading effect, the roles of imitation and multimodal connections are important.

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