Comparing the Impact of Differing Preschool Autism Interventions on Parents in Two Canadian Provinces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara D’Entremont ◽  
Helen E. Flanagan ◽  
Wendy J. Ungar ◽  
Charlotte Waddell ◽  
Nancy Garon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Autism Interventions ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Breast Reconstruction: A Canadian Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 229255032110300
Author(s):  
Caroline F. Illmann ◽  
Christopher Doherty ◽  
Margaret Wheelock ◽  
Joshua Vorstenbosch ◽  
Joan E. Lipa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Surgical Access ◽  
Canadian Perspective ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented challenges and restrictions in surgical access across Canada, including for breast reconstructive services which are an integral component of comprehensive breast cancer care. We sought to determine how breast reconstructive services are being restricted, and what strategies may be employed to optimize the provision of breast reconstruction through a pan-Canadian evaluation from the providers’ perspective. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of Canadian plastic and reconstructive surgeons who perform breast reconstruction. The 33-item web-based questionnaire was developed by a pan-Canadian working group of breast reconstruction experts and disseminated via email to members of the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgery. The questionnaire queried respondents on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions on surgeons’ breast reconstruction practice patterns and opinions on strategies for resource utilization. Results: Responses were received from 49 surgeons, who reported practicing in 8 of 10 Canadian provinces. Restrictions on the provision of breast reconstructive procedures were most limited during the First Wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, where all respondents reported at least some reduction in capacity and more than a quarter reporting complete cessation. Average reported reduction in capacity ranged from 31% to 78% across all 3 waves. Autologous, delayed, and prophylactic reconstructions were most commonly restricted. Conclusion: This study provides a pan-Canadian impact assessment on breast reconstructive services during the COVID-19 pandemic from the providers’ perspective. To uphold the standards of patient-centred care, a unified approach to strategically reorganize health care delivery now and in the future is needed.

scholarly journals Quantifying associations of the dietary share of ultra-processed foods with overall diet quality in First Nations peoples in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malek Batal ◽  
Louise Johnson-Down ◽  
Jean-Claude Moubarac ◽  
Amy Ing ◽  
Karen Fediuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify associations of the dietary share of ultra-processed foods (UPF) with the overall diet quality of First Nations peoples.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of data from the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study, designed to contribute to knowledge gaps regarding the diet of First Nations peoples living on-reserve, south of the 60th parallel. A multistage sampling of communities was conducted. All foods from 24 h dietary recalls were categorized into NOVA categories and analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of UPF on diet quality.SettingWestern and Central Canada.SubjectsFirst Nations participants aged 19 years or older.ResultsThe sample consisted of 3700 participants. UPF contributed 53·9 % of energy. Compared with the non-UPF fraction of the diet, the UPF fraction had 3·5 times less vitamin A, 2·4 times less K, 2·2 times less protein, 2·3 times more free sugars and 1·8 times more Na. As the contribution of UPF to energy increased so did the overall intakes of energy, carbohydrate, free sugar, saturated fat, Na, Ca and vitamin C, and Na:K; while protein, fibre, K, Fe and vitamin A decreased. Diets of individuals who ate traditional First Nations food (e.g. wild plants and game animals) on the day of the recall were lower in UPF.ConclusionsUPF were prevalent in First Nations diets. Efforts to curb UPF consumption and increase intake of traditional First Nations foods and other fresh or minimally processed foods would improve diet quality and health in First Nations peoples.

scholarly journals Impact of the pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review on provincial concordance with respect to cancer drug funding decisions and time to funding

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Srikanthan ◽  
H. Mai ◽  
N. Penner ◽  
E. Amir ◽  
A. Laupacis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Oncology Drug ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drug Review

Background The pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review (pcodr) was implemented in 2011 to address uneven drug coverage and lack of transparency with respect to the various provincial cancer drug review processes in Canada. We evaluated the impact of the pcodr on provincial decision concordance and time from Notice of Compliance (noc) to drug funding.Methods In a retrospective review, Health Canada’s Drug Product Database was used to identify new indications for cancer drugs between January 2003 and May 2014, and provincial formulary listings for drug-funding dates and decisions between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2014 were retrieved. Multiple linear models and quantile regressions were used to evaluate changes in time to decision-making before and after the implementation of the pcodr. Agreement of decisions between provinces was evaluated using kappa statistics.Results Data were available from 9 provinces (all Canadian provinces except Quebec), identifying 88 indications that represented 51 unique cancer drugs. Two provinces lacked available data for all 88 indications at the time of data collection. Interprovincial concordance in drug funding decisions significantly increased after the pcodr’s implementation (Brennan-Prediger coefficient: 0.54 pre-pcodr vs. 0.78 post-pcodr; p = 0.002). Nationwide, the median number of days from Health Canada’s noc date to the date of funding significantly declined (to 393 days from 522 days, p < 0.001). Exploratory analyses excluding provinces with incomplete data did not change the results.Conclusions After the implementation of the pcodr, greater concordance in cancer drug funding decisions between provinces and decreased time to funding decisions were observed.

Public Deficits and Surpluses in Federated States: A Review of the Public Choice Empirical Literature

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Imbeau
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Choice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
German Länder ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to review the empirical public choice literature explaining deficits levels in federated states. First, I describe theoretical constructs, showing how new theories have developed by releasing one of the basic Ricardo-Barro assumptions. Empirical results bearing on the federated states of Australia, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, and the United States are then reviewed to assess which hypothesis, in which setting, is confirmed by systematic observation. On the whole, this literature shows that economic cycles have an impact on budget balances. It also shows that deficits are higher in election years in German Lander, Canadian provinces, and American states, but not in Australian states nor in Swiss cantons. In addition, the literature tends to support the hypothesis that the stringency of budgetary rules is related to higher budget balances in Canada, Switzerland, and in the United States. Finally, government fragmentation has no impact on the budget balances of federated states and parties of the left do not have higher deficits than parties of the right, except in Switzerland where empirical evidence is mixed. Rather, parties of the center or of the right do have higher deficits in German Lander and in Canadian provinces. In the concluding section, I discuss two issues: the impact of rules, and the partisan cycle hypothesis.

scholarly journals Policy Forum: Quebec's Debt—Taming the Beast

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1050
Author(s):  
Luc Godbout
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Balanced Budget Act ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Fiscal Balance ◽  
Balanced Budget ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Forum

The burden of Quebec's debt has changed significantly since 1960. While the province incurred very little debt in the years before the Quiet Revolution, its borrowing increased steadily from 1961 until the mid-1990s. By the time the trend was reversed, the Quebec government had recorded a deficit for 40 consecutive years. Having achieved one of the heaviest debt burdens, measured as a share of gross domestic product, among the Canadian provinces, and having seen two rapid downgrades of its credit rating by Moody's in the mid-1990s, fearing a further downgrade the Quebec government took steps to clean up its public finances. After outlining the evolution of Quebec's debt since the early 1960s, this article briefly describes two statutes enacted by the government to provide greater transparency with respect to the province's finances, enabling better management of its budget and debt. These statutes are the Balanced Budget Act, passed in 1996, and the Act To Reduce the Debt and Establish the Generations Fund, passed in 2006. The article discusses the impact of the Great Recession on the province's budgetary balance and indebtedness, and shows how Quebec's financial situation has changed in terms of its fiscal balance, debt, debt interest, and credit rating. It is now possible to affirm that the two statutes adopted by the government have clearly helped to improve Quebec's fiscal position.

Policy or window dressing? Exploring the impact of poverty reduction strategies on poverty among the Canadian provinces

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Plante
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Window Dressing ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poverty Levels

AbstractPoverty reduction strategies (PRS) have become a popular instrument for addressing poverty globally. According to their proponents, PRS focus and coordinate poverty reduction efforts in order to overcome traditional economic and socio-demographic obstacles and reduce poverty unconditionally. According to their detractors, however, governments use PRS as ‘window dressing’ to gloss over unsuccessful and/or partial poverty reduction efforts. In Canada, all ten provinces have committed to adopting PRS. In this study, I identify the timing of the introduction of PRS action plans and explore whether they have tended to coincide with changes in provincial poverty levels. I find that more often than not levels have actually dropped before rather than after the introduction of PRS. This suggests that governments may have indeed used PRS as window dressing – but to showcase and claim credit for poverty reduction successes.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates and Vaccine Uptake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Karaivanov ◽  
Dongwoo Kim ◽  
Shih En Lu ◽  
Hitoshi Shigeoka
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Event Study ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Mandates ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Impact

We estimate the impact of government-mandated proof of vaccination requirements for access to public venues and non-essential businesses on COVID-19 vaccine uptake. We use event-study and difference-in-differences approaches exploiting the variation in the timing of these measures across Canadian provinces. We find that the announcement of a vaccination mandate is associated with large increase in new first-dose vaccinations in the first week (more than 50% on average) and the second week (more than 100%) immediately following the announcement. The estimated effect starts waning about six weeks past the announcement. Counterfactual simulations using our estimates suggest that these mandates have led to about 289,000 additional first-dose vaccinations in Canada as of September 30, 2021, which is 1 to 8 weeks after the policy announcements across the different provinces. Time-series analysis corroborates our results for Canada, and we further estimate that national vaccine mandates in three European countries also led to large gains in first-dose vaccinations (7+ mln in France, 4+ mln in Italy and 1+ mln in Germany, 7 to 12 weeks after the policy announcements). NOTE: The reported numbers may change with more data. Please see updated version when available.

scholarly journals LESSONS FROM THE COVID-19 THIRD WAVE IN CANADA: THE IMPACT OF VARIANTS OF CONCERN AND SHIFTING DEMOGRAPHICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finlay A McAlister ◽  
Majid Nabipoor ◽  
Anna Chu ◽  
Douglas Lee ◽  
Lynora Saxinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Event Rates ◽  
The Impact

Importance: With the emergence of more transmissible SARSCoV2 variants of concern (VOC), there is an urgent need for evidence about disease severity and the health care impacts of VOC in North America, particularly since a substantial proportion of the population have declined vaccination thus far. Objective: To examine 30day outcomes in Canadians infected with SARSCoV2 in the first year of the pandemic and to compare event rates in those with VOC versus wild type infection. Design: Retrospective cohort study using linked healthcare administrative datasets. Setting: Alberta and Ontario, the two Canadian provinces that experienced the largest third wave in the spring of 2021. Participants: All individuals with a positive SARSCoV2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction swab from March 1, 2020 until March 31, 2021, with genomic confirmation of VOC screen positive tests during February and March 2021 (wave 3). Exposure of Interest: VOC versus wild type SARSCoV2 Main Outcomes and Measures: All-cause hospitalizations or death within 30 days after a positive SARSCoV2 swab. Results: Compared to the 372,741 individuals with SARSCoV2 infection between March 2020 and January 2021 (waves 1 and 2 in Canada), there was a shift in transmission towards younger patients in the 104,232 COVID19 cases identified in wave 3. As a result, although third wave patients were more likely to be hospitalized (aOR 1.34 [1.29 to 1.39] in Ontario and aOR 1.53 [95%CI 1.41 to 1.65] in Alberta), they had shorter lengths of stay (median 5 vs. 7 days, p<0.001) and were less likely to die within 30 days (aOR 0.66 [0.60 to 0.71] in Ontario and aOR 0.74 [0.62 to 0.89] in Alberta). However, within the third wave, patients infected with VOC (91% Alpha) exhibited higher risks of death (aOR 1.52 [1.27 to 1.81] in Ontario and aOR 1.67 [1.13 to 2.48] in Alberta) and hospitalization (aOR 1.57 [1.47 to 1.69] in Ontario and aOR 1.88 [1.74 to 2.02] in Alberta) than those with wild-type SARSCoV2 infections during the same timeframe. Conclusions and Relevance: On a population basis, the shift towards younger age groups as the COVID19 pandemic has evolved translates into more hospitalizations but shorter lengths of stay and lower mortality risk than seen in the first 10 months of the pandemic in Canada. However, on an individual basis, infection with a VOC is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization or death than the original wild type SARSCoV2; this is important information to address vaccine hesitancy given the increasing frequency of VOC infections now.

scholarly journals Cigarette affordability in Canadian provinces: a 10-year review

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
Melissa Worrell ◽  
Les Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Wage Increases ◽  
Tobacco Taxation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The association between pricing and cigarette consumption is long-established. However, the effects of taxation alone can be diminished if relative income increases. Therefore, affordability is seen as a key determinant of demand for cigarettes, as it combines the impact of changing prices with economic growth or wage increases. This brief analysis employs methods used by the World Health Organization in examining cigarette affordability, and explores the trend in affordability across Canadian provinces over a 10-year period, from 2009 to 2019. The discussion illustrates how monitoring affordability over time can help policy makers in Canadian provinces design tobacco taxation for maximum impact.

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