scholarly journals Academic Discipline Integration by Contract Cheating Services and Essay Mills

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Creative Arts ◽  
Contract Cheating ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Service Advertising

AbstractContract cheating services are marketing to students at discipline level, using increasingly sophisticated techniques. The discipline level reach of these services has not been widely considered in the academic integrity literature. Much of the academic understanding of contract cheating is not discipline specific, but the necessary solutions to this problem may need to vary by discipline. This paper reviews current knowledge about contract cheating services at the discipline level, including summarising four studies that rank the relative volume of contract cheating within different academic disciplines. The reviewed studies show high volumes of contract cheating transactions in the disciplines of Business and Computing. Examples of discipline level contract cheating research and service advertising are provided. The main contribution of the paper is an analysis of the discipline level reach by contract cheating services as seen through an analysis of Google search results from the United Kingdom. This analysis of 19 discipline groups uses measures of organic search engine results, paid results and competition. Three discipline groups are shown as currently being heavily exploited by essay mills; these are: (1) Architecture, Building and Planning, (2) Computer Science and (3) Law. In addition, the discipline group of Creative Arts and Design is shown to be at risk of future exploitation. The paper recommends that academics are made aware about continual change in the contract cheating industry including the involved marketing taking place at discipline level. The paper concludes with a call to action for academia to develop discipline specific solutions to contract cheating.

The Leadership Capital Index

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
National Level ◽  
Leadership Studies ◽  
Chief Executives ◽  
Tony Blair ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Lyndon Johnson ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

This edited book will make an important, timely, and innovative contribution to the now flourishing academic discipline of political leadership studies. We have developed a conceptual framework of leadership capital and a diagnostic tool—the Leadership Capital Index (LCI)—to measure and evaluate the fluctuating nature of leadership capital. Differing amounts of leadership capital, a combination of skills, relations, and reputation, allow leaders to succeed or fail. This book brings together leading international scholars to engage with the concept of “leadership capital” and apply the LCI to a variety of comparative case studies. The LCI offers a comprehensive yet parsimonious and easily applicable ten-point matrix to examine leadership authority over time and in different political contexts. In each case, leaders “spend” and put their “stock” of authority and support at risk. United States president, Lyndon Johnson, arm-twisting Congress to put into effect civil rights legislation, Tony Blair taking the United Kingdom into the invasion of Iraq, Angela Merkel committing Germany to a generous reception of refugees: all ‘spent capital’ to forge public policy they believed in. We are interested in how office-holders acquire, consolidate, risk, and lose such capital. This volume concentrates predominantly on elected ‘chief executives’ at the national level, including majoritarian and consensus systems, multiple and singular cases. We also consider some presidential and sub-national cases. The purpose of the exercise is indeed exploratory: the chapters are a series of plausibility probes, to see how the LCI framework ‘performs’ as a descriptive and analytical tool.

scholarly journals The relationship between Google search interest for pulmonary symptoms and COVID-19 cases using dynamic conditional correlation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halit Cinarka ◽  
Mehmet Atilla Uysal ◽  
Atilla Cifter ◽  
Elif Yelda Niksarlioglu ◽  
Aslı Çarkoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Conditional Correlation ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Sliding Windows ◽  
Dynamic Conditional Correlation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Correlation Models ◽  
Google Search

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the monitoring and predictive value of web-based symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea) searches for COVID-19 spread. Daily search interests from Turkey, Italy, Spain, France, and the United Kingdom were obtained from Google Trends (GT) between January 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020. In addition to conventional correlational models, we studied the time-varying correlation between GT search and new case reports; we used dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) and sliding windows correlation models. We found time-varying correlations between pulmonary symptoms on GT and new cases to be significant. The DCC model proved more powerful than the sliding windows correlation model. This model also provided better at time-varying correlations (r ≥ 0.90) during the first wave of the pandemic. We used a root means square error (RMSE) approach to attain symptom-specific shift days and showed that pulmonary symptom searches on GT should be shifted separately. Web-based search interest for pulmonary symptoms of COVID-19 is a reliable predictor of later reported cases for the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Illness-specific symptom search interest on GT can be used to alert the healthcare system to prepare and allocate resources needed ahead of time.

scholarly journals National Research Funding for Sustainable Growth in Translation Studies as an Academic Discipline in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7241
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Jiang ◽  
Yun Wu ◽  
Linda Tsung
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Quantitative Manner

Global changes in both the current economic climate and political priorities have posed significant challenges concerning government spending on research, which undermines the survival and development of a number of academic disciplines, especially those in arts and humanities. This article reports on an inquiry that examines whether and how national research funding has supported the development of translation studies as an academic discipline in China, employing the example of the National Social Science Fund of China (NSSFC) subsidy, as allocated to the field of translation studies. Firstly, we accessed the NSSFC database for all programs featuring translation and translation studies between 2010 and 2019. Secondly, we coded, categorized, and processed the data in a quantitative manner. Our examination of the number of grants, research focuses, and frequently examined issues of these programs has led us to conclude the fact that NSSFC has facilitated the increase in translation studies as an academic discipline in China. Further investigation into the positive relationship between NSSFC funding policies and mechanism and the growth in academic translation studies has also identified the ways NSSFC boosts translation studies as an academic discipline in China: to promote and increase the market, interdisciplinary, and multimodal applicability of the research output. The findings also suggest that revisions may be needed to further refine the NSSFC mechanism so that translation studies will develop into a balanced, continuously innovative discipline.

scholarly journals Agency and Analogy in African History: the Contribution of Extra-Mural Studies in Ghana

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 273-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
African History ◽  
World War ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Autobiographical Texts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Second World

As the pioneering generation of postwar British academics retired, some produced autobiographical texts which revealed the personal circumstances and intellectual influences that brought them to the study of Africa. Edited volumes have also provided broader reflections on the academic disciplines, methodologies, and institutions through which these scholars engaged with the continent. In one such text, Christopher Clapham and Richard Hodder-Williams noted the special relationship between extramural studies (also known as university adult education) and the academic study of Africa's mass nationalist movements:The impetus for this study came to a remarkable degree from a tiny group of men and women who pioneered university extra-mural studies in the Gold Coast immediately after the [Second World War], and to a significant extent established the parameters for subsequent study of the subject [African politics]. Gathered together under the aegis of Thomas Hodgkin […], they were led by David Kimble […], and included among the tutors Dennis Austin, Lalage Bown and Bill Tordoff, all of whom were to play a major role in African studies in the United Kingdom over the next forty years.

scholarly journals Calligraphy as an Instrument of Development of the Designer’s Project-Oriented Thought

ICONI ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Anna Yu. Vasilieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
Basic Course

A project-oriented type of thought is very important for the profession of a designer. The article describes project-oriented thought as the chief element of its activity. Students studying design constantly polish their skills in practice when creating tutorial design projects and thereby develop project-oriented thought. Academic disciplines of the artistic cycle are directed at the development of project-oriented thought, and they include such an academic discipline as calligraphy. Knowledge, profi ciency and skills developed by calligraphy are revealed by means of research. The article produces a complex structure of project-oriented thought based on Siegfried Begenau’s work and an analogy from the perspective of mastering calligraphy. On the basis of this analogy lies the principle of creation of a calligraphic work, from the idea to its realization. Study of calligraphic rules of writing develops manual dexterity, creativity and imagination and provides discipline, which is an important trait of the designer’s profession. Perfection of calligraphic elements and fonts in practice becomes conducive to elaboration of project-oriented thought. The conclusion is also arrived at that projectoriented thought is developed among designers faster after they undergo studies of a basic course of calligraphy.

scholarly journals Is science communication its own field?

2010 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. C04 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toss Gascoigne ◽  
Donghong Cheng ◽  
Michel Claessens ◽  
Jennifer Metcalfe ◽  
Bernard Schiele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Status ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
History Of

The present comment examines to what extent science communication has attained the status of an academic discipline and a distinct research field, as opposed to the common view that science communication is merely a sub-discipline of media studies, sociology of science or history of science. Against this background, the authors of this comment chart the progress science communication has made as an emerging subject over the last 50 years in terms of a number of measures. Although discussions are still ongoing about the elements that must be present to constitute a legitimate disciplinary field, we show here that science communication meets four key elements that constitute an analytical framework to classify academic disciplines: the presence of a community; a history of inquiry; a mode of inquiry that defines how data is collected; and the existence of a communications network.

scholarly journals “Antiquity” and “Archeology”: the Evolution of Concepts and its Using in an Educational Process (on the Example of Kharkiv University 1805–1884)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Historical Education ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The University ◽  
Qualitative Changes ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The article is devoted to the formation of historical education at Kharkiv Сlassic University especially such academic discipline as «Archeology». The author aims to discover the terminology of educational courses and the development of its concept for tracing the process of beginning teaching the elements of archeology and its formation as a separate discipline in the educational courses of the University. It is mentioned that from the first half of the ХІХ century the term «Archeology» was only appeared in scientific turnover and rarely appeared in the names of an educational courses. The term «antiquity» was used for the academic disciplines which were connected with the distant past. In this period the courses with the similar names had literary-philological and historical character and nearly connected with the archeology in its modern meaning. From the second half of the ХІХ century the situation changed. The question about the development of archeology was sharply rose in the Russian Empire, Archeological Congresses were conducted. Systematic archaeological excavations began, so qualified specialists were needed. But there were not such separate academic discipline as «Archeology» because of the lack of the specialists and teaching staff. The basis for archeology knowledge was the teaching of the disciplines of philological profile. Particular attention to the ancient languages oriented students to the acquisition of ancient social and cultural values. In the second half of the ХІХ century, there were qualitative changes in the archeological science itself. The first generalizations appear, but teaching has fallen short of scientific achievements. The author points that professor M. Aristov (1834–1882) was the first who taught the courses which had archeological specialization, but there were no term «archeology» in its name.

City Networks in Cyberspace and Time

2013 ◽  
pp. 1325-1345
Author(s):  
Andrew Boulton ◽  
Lomme Devriendt ◽  
Stanley D. Brunn ◽  
Ben Derudder ◽  
Frank Witlox
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Google Search

Geographers and social scientists have long been interested in ranking and classifying the cities of the world. The cutting edge of this research is characterized by a recognition of the crucial importance of information and, specifically, ICTs to cities’ positions in the current Knowledge Economy. This chapter builds on recent “cyberspace” analyses of the global urban system by arguing for, and demonstrating empirically, the value of Web search engine data as a means of understanding cities as situated within, and constituted by, flows of digital information. To this end, the authors show how the Google search engine can be used to specify a dynamic, informational classification of North American cities based on both the production and the consumption of Web information about two prominent current issues global in scope: the global financial crisis, and global climate change.

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