scholarly journals The Price of Responsibility: Ethics of Animal Husbandry in a Time of Climate Change

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gjerris ◽  
C. Gamborg ◽  
H. Röcklinsberg ◽  
R. Anthony
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Lu-yu Liu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Man Zhang ◽  
Cheng-bang An

AbstractWithin the mountain altitudinal vegetation belts, the shift of forest tree lines and subalpine steppe belts to high altitudes constitutes an obvious response to global climate change. However, whether or not similar changes occur in steppe belts (low altitude) and nival belts in different areas within mountain systems remain undetermined. It is also unknown if these, responses to climate change are consistent. Here, using Landsat remote sensing images from 1989 to 2015, we obtained the spatial distribution of altitudinal vegetation belts in different periods of the Tianshan Mountains in Northwestern China. We suggest that the responses from different altitudinal vegetation belts to global climate change are different. The changes in the vegetation belts at low altitudes are spatially different. In high-altitude regions (higher than the forest belts), however, the trend of different altitudinal belts is consistent. Specifically, we focused on analyses of the impact of changes in temperature and precipitation on the nival belts, desert steppe belts, and montane steppe belts. The results demonstrated that the temperature in the study area exhibited an increasing trend, and is the main factor of altitudinal vegetation belts change in the Tianshan Mountains. In the context of a significant increase in temperature, the upper limit of the montane steppe in the eastern and central parts will shift to lower altitudes, which may limit the development of local animal husbandry. The montane steppe in the west, however, exhibits the opposite trend, which may augment the carrying capacity of pastures and promote the development of local animal husbandry. The lower limit of the nival belt will further increase in all studied areas, which may lead to an increase in surface runoff in the central and western regions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Miao ◽  
Zhanli Sun ◽  
Xuefeng Cui ◽  
Justin Veuthey

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Batkhuyag B ◽  
Batnaran Kh

Mongolia’s 2030 Sustainable Development Vision set a goal to be a self-sufficient in grain, potatoes and vegetables by 2030. However, Mongolia’s pastoral animal husbandry and rain-fed agriculture are extremely sensitive to climate change. The Asian migratory locust is considered as the most harmful grasshopper in the world. Until 1970th, these locust’s distribution areas in Mongolia were confined to oasis of Gobi deserts. A study on Asian migratory locust in Russia predicts distribution and formation of new permanent habitats of the locust in Chita oblast, Krasnoyarsk territory and Republic of Tyva. The Colorado beetle is one of the world’s most infamous invasive species due to its rapid adaptation to a wide range of ecological conditions and ability to disperse long distances. The climate modeling of Colorado beetle showed that with current trend, the beetle will expand its distribution into the most eastern and north-eastern regions of the Russian Federation. In China, the Colorado beetle was first detected in Xinjiang in 1993 and subsequently spread eastward. In China the Colorado beetle is currently expanding its areas at rate of 25 kms year (12-45 kms/year). Both species’ distribution patterns in neighboring countries show eventual establishment of permanent habitats around Mongolia. Their invasion to Mongolia will threaten country’s food security due to direct destruction of cereal and potato crops, and increased application of highly toxic pesticides. In light of these threats, Mongolia should start taking serious preventive measures by increasing surveillance and dedicated risk assessment studies for potential agricultural pests and diseases.


2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3567-3595
Author(s):  
Y. Su ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
X. Q. Fang ◽  
Y. N. Ma

Abstract. In ancient China, the change in regional agriculture and animal husbandry productivity caused by climate change led to either wars or peaceful relations between nomadic and farming groups. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty there were 367 wars between the two groups. The nomadic people initiated 69 % of the wars, but 62.4 % were won by the farmers. On a 30 year-period timescale, warm climates corresponded to a high incidence of wars. The conflicts between the nomadic and farming groups took place in some areas which are sensitive to climate change. During the cold periods, the battlefields were mostly in the southern regions. The main causes which leading to the above results are following: (1) warm climate provided a solid material foundation for nomadic and farming groups, especially contributed to improve the productivity of nomadic group; meanwhile, the excessive desire for essential means of subsistence in nomadic group could led to wars. (2) During the cold periods, people of farming group moved to the south and construct the south, meanwhile, nomadic group occupied the central plains, thus the battlefields also changed. As the background, climate change plays an indirect role in wars between groups.


New Medit ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Rjili ◽  
Mohamed JAOUAD

Climate change is a global environmental threat to all economic activities, especially the livestock activity. The South of Tunisia, where animal husbandry is a fundamental element of the domestic economy, is more influenced by these negatives effects due to the arid climate. The objective of this study is to identify strategies and levers mitigation and adaptation to climate change developed by breeders on based on available factors. For this purpose, a survey conducted among 73 breeders on the rangelands of El Ouara, in the South of Tunisia. Results emerges that breeders use various adaptation strategies principally, supplementation, integration agriculture-livestock and conduct’s mode through different types such as association. The result of the model reveal that age of breeder, herd size, agricultural area, member of an association, subsidies and well ownerships are the most factors which significantly influence the adaptation choices of breeders to cope to climate change. The results proved too that adaptation to climate change was inhibited by many factors such as luck of workforce labor, lack of water and financial resources as well the degradation of the rangelands.


2021 ◽  
pp. 22-47
Author(s):  
Hamid El Bilali

The impacts of climate change (CC) are expected to be higher in developing countries (e.g. Sub-Saharan Africa). However, these impacts will depend on agriculture development and resilience. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted relationships between CC and agriculture in Burkina Faso (BF). A search performed in March 2020 on the Web of Science yielded 1,820 documents and 217 of them were included in the systematic review. The paper provides an overview on both bibliometrics (e.g. journals, authors, institutions) and topics addressed in the literature viz. agriculture subsectors, climate trends in BF, agriculture and CC mitigation (e.g. agriculture-related emissions, soil carbon sequestration), impacts of CC on agriculture (e.g. natural resources, crop suitability, yields, food security) as well as adaptation strategies. BF is experiencing CC as evidenced by warming and an increase in the occurrence of climate extremes. The literature focuses on crops, while animal husbandry and, especially, fisheries are often overlooked. Moreover, most of the documents deal with CC adaptation by the Burkinabe farmers, pastoralists and rural populations. Analysed adaptation options include conservation agriculture and climate-smart agriculture, irrigation, crop diversification, intensification, livelihoods diversification and migration. However, the focus is mainly on agricultural and individual responses, while livelihoods strategies such as diversification and migration are less frequently addressed. Further research is needed on the dual relation between agriculture and CC to contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Research results are crucial to inform policies aimed at CC mitigation and/or adaptation in rural BF.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (25) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Magamana Abalo-Esso ◽  
Gadedjisso-Tossou Agossou ◽  
Blavet Didier ◽  
Hien Edmond ◽  
Chotte Jean Luc

Le nord-ouest du Togo, est caractérisé par une forte pression sur les sols, entrainant une régression de parcs agroforestiers et une diminution rendements agricoles. Dans un tel milieu, l’appréciation des producteurs de ces changements ainsi que les méthodes qu’ils adoptent pour y faire face restent moins connus. C’est pour cet objectif qu’une enquête socio-économique a été menée auprès des producteurs pour évaluer leurs perceptions sur la dégradation des sols et les changements climatiques afin d’identifier puis retenir les pratiques originales d’adaptation pouvant faire objet de diffusion. L’enquête menée sur un échantillon raisonné de 216 producteurs des deux sexes a montré que : 98,10% des enquêtés sont conscients de la dégradation de leurs sols tandis que 99,50% ressentent les effets des changements climatiques qui se manifestent en termes de longues sécheresses, de retards de pluies, de pluies violentes, abondantes et variable et d’augmentation de température. Les causes des changements évoquées par les producteurs sont : les pluies diluviennes (26,85%), les mauvaises pratiques culturales (62,50%), l’intensification agricole (46,76%), le surpâturage (2,78%), l’usage abusif de pesticides (20,37%), l’augmentation de la population (12,96%), la déforestation (21,76%) et les feux de brousse (6,48%). Globalement, les 98,6% des enquêtés ont abandonné 63 ha de sol devenus irrécupérables. Les producteurs adoptent des mesures d’adaptation telles que l’apport de fumure organique, les rotations et associations culturales, la construction de bandes enherbées, de cordons pierreux et de diguettes, et le reboisement pour protéger et restaurer leurs champs. Plusieurs espèces de plantes désirées par les producteurs pour leur vertu sont en voie de disparition. La perception par les paysans des cas de longue sécheresse sont expliqués par les variables « âge du paysan », « la pratique de l’élevage », « l’accès aux services de vulgarisation » et « la pratique de l’agriculture ». Il est nécessaire de prendre ces variables en compte dans les projets et programmes de luttes contre la sécheresse dans le milieu. Les variables « âge du paysan », « mauvaises pratiques culturales », et « déforestation » influençant également la perception des paysans de dégradation des sols, doivent être également considérés dans les programmes et projets de restauration des sols dégradés dans le milieu. Il est important d’étudier les effets The north-west of Togo is characterized by strong pressure on the soil, leading to a decline in agroforestry parks and a reduction in agricultural yields. In such an environment, producers' appreciation of these changes and the methods they adopt to deal with them remain less well known. It is for this purpose that a socioeconomic survey was conducted among producers to assess their perceptions of soil degradation and climate change to identify and then retain original adaptation practices that can be disseminated. The survey carried out on a purposely selected sample of 216 producers from both sexes. The results showed that: 98, 10% of respondents are aware of the degradation of their soils while 99,50% feel the effects of climate change which are manifested as long droughts, delayed rains, heavy rains and temperature rise. The causes of the changes mentioned by the producers are: torrential rains (26,85%), bad cultivation practices (62,50%), agricultural intensification (46,76%), overgrazing (2,78%) , the abusive use of pesticides (20,37%), the increase in population (12,96%), deforestation (21,76%) and bush fires (6,48%). Globally, 98,6% of those surveyed abandoned 63 ha of land that had become irrecoverable. Producers adopt resilience measures such as providing organic manure, crop rotations and associations, the establishment of grass strips and stone bunds, bunds and reforestation to protect and restore their plots. Producers adopt adaptation measures such as adding organic manure, crop rotations and associations, construction of grass strips, stone bunds, bunds, and reforestation to protect and restore their fields. Several species of plants desired by producers for their virtue are endangered. The farmers' perception of cases of long drought are explained by the variables "age of the farmer", "the practice of animal husbandry", "access to extension services" and "the practice of agriculture". It is necessary to take these variables into account in projects and programs to fight against drought in the area. The variables "farmer's age «,» bad cultivation practices” and "deforestation" also influencing farmers' perception of soil degradation, must also be considered in programs and projects for the restoration of degraded soils in the area. It is important to study the effects of these practices on soil restoration and crop yields.


2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-309
Author(s):  
Keith Pluymers

Abstract In 1641, according to the vicar Thomas Johnson, Irish rebels in Mayo, in “meere hatred and derision of the English,” tried a group of English cattle for unspecified charges. They were convicted and executed. Many historians have pointed to this striking event as an example of the deep hatred underlying popular violence in the rebellion. The trials, however, were merely the most spectacular iteration of long-standing conflicts over transformations in animal husbandry between the Munster Plantation in the 1580s and the rebellion of the 1640s. The new pastoralism that emerged during these decades threatened traditional practices and landscapes while creating new vulnerabilities to poor weather and economic downturns. The combination of economic crises and harsh weather associated with the Little Ice Age exposed these vulnerabilities. The cow trials show that environmental forces shaped the 1641 Rebellion but demonstrate that historians assessing the impacts of climate and weather must attend to the social and economic contexts that produce vulnerability.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Su ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
X. Q. Fang ◽  
Y. N. Ma

Abstract. In ancient China, shifts in regional productivity of agriculture and animal husbandry, caused by climate change, either led to wars or peaceful relations between nomadic and farming groups. During the period spanning the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, 367 wars were waged between these groups. While 69 % of the wars were initiated by nomads, 62.4 % were won by the farming groups. On a centennial timescale, the battlegrounds were mostly in northern areas (at an average latitude of 38.92° N) during warm periods, moving southward (at an average latitude of 34.66° N) during cold periods. On a decadal timescale, warm climates corresponded to a high incidence of wars (a correlation coefficient of 0.293). While farming groups were inclined to initiate wars during dry and cold periods, their chances of achieving victory were reduced at such times. The main reasons for this are, first, that a warm climate provided a solid material foundation for nomadic and farming groups, contributing especially to enhanced productivity among the former. However, the overriding desire of nomadic groups to expand essential subsistence means led to wars. Second, during cold periods, farming groups moved to and settled in the south, while nomadic groups occupied the Central Plain. Thus, the locations of the battlefields also changed. While other factors also influenced these wars, climate change served as a backdrop, playing an indirect role in wars between these groups.


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