scholarly journals Comparative osteoconductivity of bone void fillers with antibiotics in a critical size bone defect model

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rema A. Oliver ◽  
Vedran Lovric ◽  
Chris Christou ◽  
William R. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
Bone Void

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the comparative osteoconductivity of three commercially available bone void fillers containing gentamicin with respect to new bone, growth, host tissue response and resorption of the implant material. Defects were created in the cancellous bone of the distal femur and proximal tibia of 12-skeletally mature sheep and filled with three commercially available bone void fillers containing gentamicin (Stimulan-G, Cerament-G, Herafill-G). Peripheral blood was taken pre-operatively and at the time of implantation, as well as at intermittent timepoints following surgery to determine systemic gentamicin levels (5-,15- and 30- minutes, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48- and 72-hours, 3-, 6- and 12-weeks). Decalcified, embedded samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and used to assess the host tissue response and the formation of new bone in the presence of test implant materials. No adverse reactions were noted at harvest at any time points for any cancellous implantation sites with the various implant materials. Comparative microCT analysis of the Stimulan-G, Cerament-G and Herafill-G test materials revealed a similar increase in bone surface area and volume between animals implanted with Stimulan-G or Cerament-G test materials. Animals implanted with Herafill-G test materials demonstrated the lowest increases in bone volume and surface area of the test materials tested, at levels similar to the negative control sites. By 12-weeks, Stimulan-G defects were completely closed with mature bone and bone marrow whilst the Cerament-G material was still present after 12 weeks by histological examination. In conclusion, this study demonstrated differences in the bone regenerative capacity of a range of bone void fillers in an in vivo setting.

scholarly journals Improvement of biohistological response of facial implant materials by tantalum surface treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mousa Bakri ◽  
Sung Ho Lee ◽  
Jong Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness

Abstract Background A compact passive oxide layer can grow on tantalum (Ta). It has been reported that this oxide layer can facilitate bone ingrowth in vivo though the development of bone-like apatite, which promotes hard and soft tissue adhesion. Thus, Ta surface treatment on facial implant materials may improve the tissue response, which could result in less fibrotic encapsulation and make the implant more stable on the bone surface. The purposes of this study were to verify whether surface treatment of facial implant materials using Ta can improve the biohistobiological response and to determine the possibility of potential clinical applications. Methods Two different and commonly used implant materials, silicone and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), were treated via Ta ion implantation using a Ta sputtering gun. Ta-treated samples were compared with untreated samples using in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Osteoblast (MG-63) and fibroblast (NIH3T3) cell viability with the Ta-treated implant material was assessed, and the tissue response was observed by placing the implants over the rat calvarium (n = 48) for two different lengths of time. Foreign body and inflammatory reactions were observed, and soft tissue thickness between the calvarium and the implant as well as the bone response was measured. Results The treatment of facial implant materials using Ta showed a tendency toward increased fibroblast and osteoblast viability, although this result was not statistically significant. During the in vivo study, both Ta-treated and untreated implants showed similar foreign body reactions. However, the Ta-treated implant materials (silicone and ePTFE) showed a tendency toward better histological features: lower soft tissue thickness between the implant and the underlying calvarium as well as an increase in new bone activity. Conclusion Ta surface treatment using ion implantation on silicone and ePTFE facial implant materials showed the possibility of reducing soft tissue intervention between the calvarium and the implant to make the implant more stable on the bone surface. Although no statistically significant improvement was observed, Ta treatment revealed a tendency toward an improved biohistological response of silicone and ePTFE facial implants. Conclusively, tantalum treatment is beneficial and has the potential for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Enhanced release of calcium phosphate additives from bioresorbable orthopaedic devices using irradiation technology is non-beneficial in a rabbit model

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 266-274
Author(s):  
I. Palmer ◽  
S. A. Clarke ◽  
F. J Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Irradiation Technology

Objectives Bioresorbable orthopaedic devices with calcium phosphate (CaP) fillers are commercially available on the assumption that increased calcium (Ca) locally drives new bone formation, but the clinical benefits are unknown. Electron beam (EB) irradiation of polymer devices has been shown to enhance the release of Ca. The aims of this study were to: 1) establish the biological safety of EB surface-modified bioresorbable devices; 2) test the release kinetics of CaP from a polymer device; and 3) establish any subsequent beneficial effects on bone repair in vivo. Methods ActivaScrew Interference (Bioretec Ltd, Tampere, Finland) and poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) orthopaedic screws containing 10 wt% β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) underwent EB treatment. In vitro degradation over 36 weeks was investigated by recording mass loss, pH change, and Ca release. Implant performance was investigated in vivo over 36 weeks using a lapine femoral condyle model. Bone growth and osteoclast activity were assessed by histology and enzyme histochemistry. Results Calcium release doubled in the EB-treated group before returning to a level seen in untreated samples at 28 weeks. Extensive bone growth was observed around the perimeter of all implant types, along with limited osteoclastic activity. No statistically significant differences between comparative groups was identified. Conclusion The higher than normal dose of EB used for surface modification did not adversely affect tissue response around implants in vivo. Surprisingly, incorporation of β-TCP and the subsequent accelerated release of Ca had no significant effect on in vivo implant performance, calling into question the clinical evidence base for these commercially available devices. Cite this article: I. Palmer, S. A. Clarke, F. J Buchanan. Enhanced release of calcium phosphate additives from bioresorbable orthopaedic devices using irradiation technology is non-beneficial in a rabbit model: An animal study. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:266–274. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.86.BJR-2018-0224.R2.

scholarly journals An Antibiotic-Releasing Bone Void Filling (ABVF) Putty for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5080
Author(s):  
Raquib Hasan ◽  
Abbey Wohlers ◽  
Jacob Shreffler ◽  
Pranothi Mulinti ◽  
Hunter Ostlie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Replacements ◽  
Total Joint Replacements ◽  
Press Fitting ◽  
Antibiotic Release ◽  
Bone Void

The number of total joint replacements (TJR) is on the rise with a corresponding increase in the number of infected TJR, which necessitates revision surgeries. Current treatments with either non-biodegradable, antibiotic-releasing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based bone cement, or systemic antibiotic after surgical debridement do not provide effective treatment due to fluctuating antibiotic levels at the site of infection. Here, we report a biodegradable, easy-to-use “press-fitting” antibiotic-releasing bone void filling (ABVF) putty that not only provides efficient antibiotic release kinetics at the site of infection but also allows efficient osseointegration. The ABVF formulation was prepared using poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polycaprolactone (PCL) as the polymer matrix, antibiotic vancomycin, and osseointegrating synthetic bone PRO OSTEON for bone-growth support. ABVF was homogenous, had a porous structure, was moldable, and showed putty-like mechanical properties. The ABVF putty released vancomycin for 6 weeks at therapeutic level. Furthermore, the released vancomycin showed in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus for 6 weeks. Vancomycin was not toxic to osteoblasts. Finally, ABVF was biodegradable in vivo and showed an effective infection control with the treatment group showing significantly higher bone growth (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. The potential of infection treatment and osseointegration makes the ABVF putty a promising treatment option for osteomyelitis after TJR.

Collagen nanofibril self-assembly on a natural polymeric material for the osteoinduction of stem cells in vitro and biocompatibility in vivo

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (84) ◽  
pp. 80851-80866 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aravamudhan ◽  
D. M. Ramos ◽  
N. A. Jenkins ◽  
N. A. Dyment ◽  
M. M. Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Microporous Structure

This manuscript reports the characterization of molecularly self-assembled collagen nanofibers on a natural polymeric microporous structure and their ability to support stem cell differentiation in vitro and host tissue response in vivo.

scholarly journals Extended Release Combination Antibiotic Therapy from a Bone Void Filling Putty for Treatment of Osteomyelitis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Hasan ◽  
Schaner ◽  
Schroeder ◽  
Wohlers ◽  
Shreffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Bone Void ◽  
Biofilm Infection

In spite of advances in Total Joint Replacements (TJR), infection remains a major concern and a primary causative factor for revision surgery. Current clinical standards treat these osteomyelitis infections with antibiotic-laden poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based cement, which has several disadvantages, including inadequate local drug release kinetics, antibiotic leaching for a prolonged period and additional surgical interventions to remove it, etc. Moreover, not all antibiotics (e.g., rifampicin, a potent antibiofilm antibiotic) are compatible with PMMA. For this reason, treatment of TJR-associated infections and related complications remains a significant concern. The objective of this study was to develop a polymer-controlled dual antibiotic-releasing bone void filler (ABVF) with an underlying osseointegrating substrate to treat TJR implant-associated biofilm infections. An ABVF putty was designed to provide sustained vancomycin and rifampicin antibiotic release for 6 weeks while concurrently providing an osseointegrating support for regrowth of lost bone. The reported ABVF showed efficient antibacterial and antibiofilm activity both in vitro and in a rat infection model where the ABVF both showed complete bacterial elimination and supported bone growth. Furthermore, in an in vivo k-wire-based biofilm infection model, the ABVF putty was also able to eliminate the biofilm infection while supporting osseointegration. The retrieved k-wire implants were also free from biofilm and bacterial burden. The ABVF putty delivering combination antibiotics demonstrated that it can be a viable treatment option for implant-related osteomyelitis and may lead to retention of the hardware while enabling single-stage surgery.

INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND LED IRRADIATORS ON PINE STRAWBERRY ADAPTATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
M. G. Markova ◽  
E. N. Somova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Control Version

Work on going through the adaptation stage of rooted micro-stalks comes down to searching for new growth regulators and studying the influence of external conditions, which include, among other things, light effects. The data of 2018-2019 on the effect of growth regulators Siliplant, EcoFus and experimental LED phytoradiators on the adaptation of rooted micro-stalks of garden strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa duch) in vivo are presented. The object of research is rooted micro-stalks of garden strawberries of the Korona variety. It was revealed that, at the adaptation stage of rooted micro-stalks of strawberries, the most effective was the treatment of plants by spraying with Siliplant at a concentration of 1.0 ml/l and the combined treatment with Siliplant and EcoFus at concentrations of 0.5 ml/l: regardless of lighting, the survival rate averaged 99.4 - 99.7%, the leaf surface area increased significantly from 291.85 mm2 to 334.4 mm2. The number of normally developed leaves of strawberry microplants increased significantly after treatment with all preparations from 3.5 to 6.0, 5.8 and 6.5 pcs/plant, and a significant increase in the height of strawberry rosettes was facilitated by treatment with Siliplant and Siliplant together with EcoFus. Regardless of growth regulators, the most effective was the experimental LED phyto-irradiator with a changing spectrum, which contributed to an increase in leaf surface area, height of rosettes and the number of normally developed leaves in strawberry microplants. When illuminated with a flashing phytoradiator, these indicators are lower than in the control version, but not significantly. By the end of the rooting stage, all microplants of garden strawberries corresponded to GOST R 54051-2010.

Intense Static Magnetic Field Induced Bone Growth in Vivo

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Frank Papatheofanis ◽  
Bill Fapatheofanls ◽  
Robert Ray
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Bone Growth

scholarly journals Effects of chitosan-collagen dressing on wound healing in vitro and in vivo assays

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 228080002198969
Author(s):  
Min-Xia Zhang ◽  
Wan-Yi Zhao ◽  
Qing-Qing Fang ◽  
Xiao-Feng Wang ◽  
Chun-Ye Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Type I ◽  
Nih3t3 Cells ◽  
Post Operation

The present study was designed to fabricate a new chitosan-collagen sponge (CCS) for potential wound dressing applications. CCS was fabricated by a 3.0% chitosan mixture with a 1.0% type I collagen (7:3(w/w)) through freeze-drying. Then the dressing was prepared to evaluate its properties through a series of tests. The new-made dressing demonstrated its safety toward NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, the CCS showed the significant surround inhibition zone than empty controls inoculated by E. coli and S. aureus. Moreover, the moisture rates of CCS were increased more rapidly than the collagen and blank sponge groups. The results revealed that the CCS had the characteristics of nontoxicity, biocompatibility, good antibacterial activity, and water retention. We used a full-thickness excisional wound healing model to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the new dressing. The results showed remarkable healing at 14th day post-operation compared with injuries treated with collagen only as a negative control in addition to chitosan only. Our results suggest that the chitosan-collagen wound dressing were identified as a new promising candidate for further wound application.

scholarly journals Simple Equations Pertaining to the Particle Number and Surface Area of Metallic, Polymeric, Lipidic and Vesicular Nanocarriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
M. R. Mozafari ◽  
E. Mazaheri ◽  
K. Dormiani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Simple Equations

Introduction: Bioactive encapsulation and drug delivery systems have already found their way to the market as efficient therapeutics to combat infections, viral diseases and different types of cancer. The fields of food fortification, nutraceutical supplementation and cosmeceuticals have also been getting the benefit of encapsulation technologies. Aim: Successful formulation of such therapeutic and nutraceutical compounds requires thorough analysis and assessment of certain characteristics including particle number and surface area without the need to employ sophisticated analytical techniques. Solution: Here we present simple mathematical formulas and equations used in the research and development of drug delivery and controlled release systems employed for bioactive encapsulation and targeting the sites of infection and cancer in vitro and in vivo. Systems covered in this entry include lipidic vesicles, polymeric capsules, metallic particles as well as surfactant- and tocopherol-based micro- and nanocarriers.

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