Biocontrol Efficacy of Mycosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticle Using Trichoderma sp. on Insect Pest Spodoptera litura

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murugan Arunthirumeni ◽  
Venkatesan Veerammal ◽  
Muthugounder Subramanian Shivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Biocontrol Efficacy ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticle ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Diverse sources of resistance to Spodoptera litura (F.) in groundnut

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01S) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Saleem ◽  
G. K. Naidu ◽  
H. L. Nadaf ◽  
P. S. Tippannavar
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Botanical Variety ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Botanical Varieties

Spodoptera litura an important insect pest of groundnut causes yield loss up to 71% in India. Though many effective chemicals are available to control Spodoptera, host plant resistance is the most desirable, economic and eco-friendly strategy. In the present study, groundnut mini core (184), recombinant inbred lines (318) and elite genotypes (44) were studied for their reaction to Spodoptera litura under hot spot location at Dharwad. Heritable component of variation existed for resistance to Spodoptera in groundnut mini core, recombinant inbred lines and elite genotypes indicating scope for selection of Spodoptera resistant genotypes. Only 29 (15%) genotypes belonging to hypogaea, fastigiata and hirsuta botanical varieties under mini core set, 15 transgressive segregants belonging to fastigiata botanical variety among 318 recombinant inbred lines and three genotypes belonging to hypogaea and fastigiata botanical varieties under elite genotypes showed resistance to Spodoptera litura with less than 10% leaf damage. Negative correlation existed between resistance to Spodoptera and days to 50 per cent flowering indicating late maturing nature of resistant genotypes. Eight resistant genotypes (ICG 862, ICG 928, ICG 76, ICG 2777, ICG 5016, ICG 12276, ICG 4412 and ICG 9905) under hypogaea botanical variety also had significantly higher pod yield. These diverse genotypes could serve as potential donors for incorporation of Spodoptera resistance in groundnut.

Chemosensory genes in the head of Spodoptera litura larvae

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu Li ◽  
Ji-Wei Xu ◽  
Wei-Chen Yao ◽  
Hui-Hui Yang ◽  
Youssef Dewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Chemosensory System ◽  
Chemosensory Genes

Abstract The tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest with a highly selective and sensitive chemosensory system involved in complex physiological behaviors such as searching for food sources, feeding, courtship, and oviposition. However, effective management strategies for controlling the insect pest populations under threshold levels are lacking. Therefore, there is an urgent need to formulate eco-friendly pest control strategies based on the disruption of the insect chemosensory system. In this study, we identified 158 putative chemosensory genes based on transcriptomic and genomic data for S. litura, including 45 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs, nine were new), 23 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 60 odorant receptors (ORs, three were new), and 30 gustatory receptors (GRs, three were new), a number higher than those reported by previous transcriptome studies. Subsequently, we constructed phylogenetic trees based on these genes in moths and analyzed the dynamic expression of various genes in head capsules across larval instars using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nine genes–SlitOBP8, SlitOBP9, SlitOBP25, SlitCSP1, SlitCSP7, SlitCSP18, SlitOR34, SlitGR240, and SlitGR242–were highly expressed in the heads of 3- to 5-day-old S. litura larvae. The genes differentially expressed in olfactory organs during larval development might play crucial roles in the chemosensory system of S. litura larvae. Our findings substantially expand the gene inventory for S. litura and present potential target genes for further studies on larval feeding in S. litura.

Effects of insecticides chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate and fipronil on Spodoptera litura might be mediated by OBPs and CSPs

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Lin ◽  
Y. Jiang ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
Y. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Polyphagous Insect ◽  
Related Proteins

AbstractSpodoptera litura is a widespread polyphagous insect pest that can develop resistance and cross-resistance to insecticides, making it difficult to control. Insecticide exposure has previously been linked with induction of specific olfactory-related proteins, including some chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and odorant-binding proteins (OPBs), which may disrupt detection of environmental factors and reduce fitness. However, functional evidence supporting insecticide and OBPs/CSPs mediation remains unknown. Here we fed male S. litura moths with sucrose water containing one of three insecticides, chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate or fipronil, and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and RNAi to investigate OBPs and CSPs expression and their correlations with survival. Chlorpyrifos and emamectin benzoate increased expression of 78% of OBPs, plus 63 and 56% of CSP genes, respectively, indicating a major impact on these gene families. RNAi knockdown of SlituCSP18, followed by feeding with chlorpyrifos or fipronil, decreased survival rates of male moths significantly compared with controls. Survival rate also decreased significantly with the downregulation of SlituOBP9 followed by feeding with chlorpyrifos. Thus, although these three insecticides had different effects on OBP and CSP gene expression, we hypothesize that SlituOBPs and SlituCSPs might mediate their effects by increasing their expression levels to improve survival. Moreover, the differential response of S. litura male moths to the three insecticides indicated the potential specificity of chlorpyrifos affect SlituCSP18 and SlituOBP9 expression.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Sumber Ketahanan Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kedelai untuk Ulat Grayak Spodoptera litura F.

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suharsono Suharsono ◽  
M. Muchlish Adie
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Common Cutworm ◽  
The Common ◽  
Biological Aspects

<p>The important<br />aspect of development of resistant plant to insect pest is source<br />of resistance. Study the resistance of 14 advance soybean<br />breeding lines to common cutworm Spodoptera litura F. was<br />conducted at the Laboratory of Crop Protection, Indonesian<br />Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI)<br />Malang in February-September, 2006. Leaf damage and larval<br />development on resistant genotypes was recorded to measure<br />the level of resistance. It was found that the susceptibility of<br />soybeans to the common cutworm significantly varied among<br />the breeding lines. The leaf damage of IAC-100, IAC 80-596-<br />2, and W/80-2-4-20 from larval feeding were 17.67, 18.52, and<br />23.70% respectively lower than Wilis variety with 35.57% of<br />leaf damage. These breeding lines consistently possess same<br />level of resistance to S. litura. In addition, the resistant<br />breeding lines affect on biological aspects i.e. prolonged<br />duration of larval stage, reduced larval and pupae gain weight,<br />and cause significant larval mortality compared with Wilis<br />variety. The study suggested that IAC-100, IAC 80-596-2, and<br />W/80-2-4-20 could be used as a source of resistance for S.<br />litura in breeding program.</p>

scholarly journals Activity of Liquid Smoke of Tobacco Stem Waste as An Insecticide on Spodoptera litura Fabricius Larvae

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Prabowo ◽  
Edhi Martono ◽  
Witjaksono Witjaksono
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Stem

The use of chemical insecticide in crop protection around the world has resulted in disturbances of the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop for environmentally friendly insect pest management techniques such as the activity of liquid smoke made from tobacco stem waste as an insecticide to Spodoptera litura. Activity of liquid smoke of tobacco stem waste was carried out at the laboratory condition. The results showed that the application of liquid smoke by using the spraying method (direct method) showed better results compared to the results of feeding method (indirect method). Lethal concentration (LC) at 5 days after treatment, LC50 and LC75 values the direct method of 2.9% and 8.87%, while the indirect method of 6,99% and 21.03%. The sub lethal concentration did not cause mortality of S. litura larvae, but inhibited the growth such as indicated by lower weight of larval and pupal in treated larvae than in control. Liquid smoke of tobacco stem waste has activity as an insecticide to S. litura. INTISARIPenggunaan pestisida kimia dalam pengendalian hama di dunia telah menimbulkan gangguan terhadap lingkungan. Maka teknik pengendalian hama yang ramah lingkungan perlu dikembangkan, misalnya aktivitas asap cair limbah batang tembakau sebagai insektisida pada Spodoptera litura. Aktivitas asap cair limbah batang tembakau dilakukan pada kondisi laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi asap cair secara langsung (metode semprot) lebih efektif daripada tidak langsung (metode celup pakan). Lethal concentration (LC) pada 5 hari setelah perlakuan, LC50 dan LC75 pada aplikasi langsung sebesar 2,9% dan 8,87%, sedangkan pada aplikasi tidak langsung 6,99% dan 21,03%. Konsentrasi subletal tidak menyebabkan kematian S. litura tetapi mampu menghambat pertumbuhan yang diindikasikan dengan rendahnya bobot larva dan pupa S. litura. Asap cair limbah batang tembakau bersifat insektisida terhadap larva S. litura. 

scholarly journals Individual and combined impact of nuclear polyhedrosis virus and spinosad to control the tropical armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in cotton in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal Ayyub ◽  
Ahmad Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Jalal Arif ◽  
Luqman Amrao
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Combined Impact

Abstract The tropical armyworm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera), is among the most harmful pests causing economic loss in the quality and production of a variety of crops, particularly cotton. Entomopathogens play an important role in insect pest management. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) isolate of S. litura (V-SpltNPV) was isolated from infected larvae in a cotton crop, and viral occlusion bodies were confirmed, using an inverted microscope. The pathogenicity of V-SpltNPV against 2nd, 3rd, and 4th larval instars of S. litura was evaluated at various concentrations (1 × 104 to 1 × 108 OBs/ml). Mortality rate was high (37.65–96.82%) in early instar larvae against tested concentrations. LC50 and LT50 values increased with increasing larval age. There was 689,865 times increase in LC50 value (1.35 × 102 OBs/ml) for 2nd instar larvae to LC50 value (6.90 × 105 OBs/ml) for 4th instar larvae. LT50 values enhanced from 4.99 days for 2nd instar larvae to 7.49 days for 4th instar larvae, due to a decrease in efficacy of NPVs with the increasing age of larvae. In a greenhouse experiment, a combined application of spinosad with V-SpltNPV (1 × 108 OBs/ml) caused (100%) mortality of 2nd instar larvae. A single application of V-SpltNPV (1 × 108 OBs/ml) resulted to mean mortality (52.63%) of tested larvae. The native isolate V-SpltNPV seems to have a potential to be used in integrated manner with other IPM tactics to significantly reduce the use of toxic chemical pesticides.

scholarly journals The Effects of Natural Biopesticide from Mirabilis jalapa toward the Immune System of Spodoptera litura

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Maulina ◽  
Sutiman Bambang Sumitro ◽  
Mohamad Amin ◽  
Sri Rahayu Lestari ◽  
Muhammad Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Control Samples

Biological control provides a safer alternative to reduce the population of agricultural pest. Mirabilis jalapa is one of biopesticides containing chemical substances that have a feeding deterrent property against Spodoptera litura as folifagus insect pest. This study aimed to analyze the humoral and cellular immunes responses of S. litura after exposure to biopesticide extracted from M. jalapa. The measured indicator immune responses were activity of hemocyte, lectin, phenoloxidase (PO), and phagocytic activity. The results showed that the average total hemocyte was different significantly depending on the treatment. Exposure to 0.1% and 0.2% (w/v) of M. jalapa extract increased the total number of hemocytes as much as 38.08% and 64.15%, respectively. Lectin was quickly formed at 0.1% and 0.2% (w/v) concentrations. The amount of PO enzymes was significantly different at sublethal concentrations compared with control samples (P &lt; 0.05). The highest increase in PO activity occurred at 2 h post-treatment and at M. jalapa extract concentrations of 0.2% (592.33 IU/mg) and 0.1% (521.33 IU/mg), whereas the highest concentration of the extract (0.8% w/v) caused a decrease in lectin and PO activities. In terms of phagocytic activity, the proportion of phagocytosis cells were 47.62% in control group, and decreased significanlty in both concentrations exposure.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis against second instar larvae of Spodoptera litura on different host plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
Zulnorain Sajid ◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Azhar Mujahid ◽  
Bilal Jafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Control Insect

Spodoptera litura is serious pest of many horticultural and agricultural crops. S. litura can cause severe economic loss of crops like cotton, cabbage and okra. Different methods are adopted to control this notorious insect pest throughout the globe but biological control is one of them that proved best against it. In 2019, current study was conducted to check the toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis on 2nd larval instars under laboratory conditions by using different hosts. Mortality data was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours of post treatment. The results showed that maximum mortality was recorded on okra (41.46%) followed by cotton (34.67%) and cabbage (23.87%) after 24 hours. After 72 hours of post treatment, maximum mortality of larvae was observed on Bt treated leaves of cabbage than okra. The results indicated that 100% mortality was recorded on cabbage after 72 hours of treatment. Bt treated cabbage leaves were found most effective with 11.21% mortality while cotton gave least effective results with 9.99%. The current study concluded that microbial control is best approach to control insect pest under laboratory as well as field conditions.  

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